Darin R Lerew

• PhD
• Medtronic

Sacral nerve stimulation is effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence and is currently under Food and Drug Administration review in the United States for fecal incontinence. Previous reports have focused primarily on short-term results of sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence. The present study reports the long-term effectiveness...

Treatment options for patients with fecal incontinence (FI) are limited, and surgical treatments can be associated with high rates of infection and other complications. One treatment, sacral nerve stimulation (SNS), is approved for FI in Europe. A large multicenter trial was conducted in North America and Australia to assess the efficacy of SNS in...

Sacral nerve stimulation has been approved for use in treating urinary incontinence in the United States since 1997, and in Europe for both urinary and fecal incontinence (FI) since 1994. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation in a large population under the rigors of Food and Drug Administrat...

Introduction: Due to limited enrollment of women in previous trials, there is a paucity of data comparing outcome and arrhythmic events in men versus women with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Methods and Results: We analyzed outcome of patients in the INTRINSIC RV (Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing with AV Search Hysteresis in IC...

The recently published Ventricular Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (VAST) found no effect of rate-smoothing (RS) algorithm on frequency of ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes in patients with implantable defibrillator. A similar recent trial reported an opposite result. In order to determine possible reasons for the discrepancy between the trials an...

Defibrillation conversion testing to assure a 10 J safety margin is a standard practice during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Little data are available on the number of patients who do not have a 10 J margin initially and therefore require system revisions, further testing, or a higher energy output device. The INTRINSIC...

Excessive right ventricular (RV) pacing has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients receiving pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). It remains uncertain how much RV pacing is clinically deleterious. This retrospective analysis assessed the relationship between the amount of RV pacing and the composite of a...

The INTRINSIC RV (Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing with AVSH in ICDs) study tested the hypothesis that dual-chamber rate-responsive (DDDR) with atrioventricular search hysteresis (AVSH) 60-130 programming is not inferior to single-chamber (VVI)-40 programming in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator with respect to all-cause mortality and he...

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has become primary therapy for the prevention of sudden death. One of the major morbidities of ICD use remains inappropriate therapy for supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA). Detection enhancements have increased therapy specificity, but their impact on inappropriate therapy is not well studied. Moreov...

Rate smoothing, which is available in some pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), has been used to prevent Torsades de Pointes in patients with long QT syndrome. Its efficacy in general ventricular arrhythmia prevention has not been determined. The purpose of the Ventricular Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (VAST) was to prospec...

Unnecessary right ventricular (RV) pacing in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) may adversely affect heart failure morbidity and total mortality. Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing with AV Search Hysteresis in ICDs (INTRINSIC RV) is a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial evaluating outcomes in ICD recipients programm...

Taxometrics is a statistical tool that can be used to discern categories from continua. Taxometric analyses (MAXCOV and MAXEIG) were conducted in a large nonclinical sample (N=1,215) to determine whether extreme anxiety forms a distinct psychopathological category, an anxiety taxon. Anxiety was operationalized with self-report measures of subjectiv...

Taxometrics is a statistical tool that can be used to discern psychopathological categories from continua. In this study, taxometric analyses were conducted to determine whether a psychopathological category (or taxon) underlies a cognitive vulnerability to panic (i.e., fear of anxiety symptoms and body vigilance). The construct was operationalized...

Increasing evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) may be a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology. Perceived control and predictability have also been implicated as factors relevant to the genesis of anxiety. The principal aim of this study was to extend this work to examine independent and interactive effects of pe...

An imaginal challenge was designed to determine the degree to which cognitive manipulations, in isolation from specific biological challenge agents, might be sufficient for the production of panic in patients with panic disorder. Patients with panic disorder (n = 20) and nonclinical controls (n = 18) were exposed to four audiotaped vignettes (physi...

A large body of research has suggested that anxiety sensitivity (AS) acts as a specific vulnerability factor in the development of anxiety pathology. More recently, attention has turned to the etiology of AS per se. The present study represents a specific test of a Scar model of AS. A Scar model posits that the experience of distress will affect th...

Among a sample of Air Force cadets facing the prospect of basic training (N= 1,190; 1,005 men and 185 women), the influence of a defensive test-taking style on measures of depressive and anxious symptoms was examined. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck & Steer, 1987) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & St...

Psychological parameters that are believed to affect estimations of cardiovascular fitness were examined in patients with panic disorder and nonclinical controls. Fifty-four participants [panic disorder patients (n = 27) and age- and sex-matched nonclinical controls (n = 27)] completed a cycle ergometer test and were compared on the basis of estima...

Increasing evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) may be a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology. The principal aim of this study was to replicate and extend a previous longitudinal study evaluating whether AS acts as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of panic (N. Schmidt, D. Lerew, & R. Jackson, 1997). A...

Three theoretically derived cognitive risk factors were evaluated to determine whether they predicted the development of stress responding in the context of Basic Cadet Training (BCT). A large sample of cadets (N = 1,401) was prospectively followed for the 5-week BCT period. All risk factors were found to significantly and independently predict the...

To date, primary research in the area of panic disorder and similar anxiety, pathology has been laboratory-based. A wealth of primary research in panic disorder in particular has been gleaned from laboratory research using biological challenge paradigms by which panic is experimentally provoked. The present work reviews the knowledge based gleaned...

Increasing evidence suggests that psychological risk variables (e.g., anxiety sensitivity) may act as premorbid risk factors for the development of physical illness and psychopathology such as clinical anxiety and cardiovascular disease. The principal aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the degree to which these factors affected...

Reports an error in "The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress" by Norman B. Schmidt, Darin R. Lerew and Robert J. Jackson (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1997[Aug], Vol 106[3], 355-364). The article contained an error in the scoring of the Anxiety Sensitiv...

Expectancy theory posits that anxiety sensitivity (AS) acts as a specific risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology (Reiss, 1991). Previous work suggests that AS is a risk factor for anxiety but several reports have found that AS is also related to depression. The principal aim of the present study was to determine whether anxiety sensit...

Expectancy theory posits that anxiety sensitivity may serve as a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology (S. Reiss, 1991). The principal aim of the present study was to determine whether anxiety sensitivity acts as a specific vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety pathology. A large, nonclinical sample of young a...

Expectancy theory posits that anxiety sensitivity may serve as a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology (S. Reiss, 1991). The principal aim of the present study was to determine whether anxiety sensitivity acts as a specific vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety pathology. A large, nonclinical sample of young a...

Body vigilance, consciously attending to internal cues, is a normal adaptive process. The present report investigated whether body vigilance is exaggerated among those with panic disorder, a condition characterized by intense fear and worry regarding bodily sensations. The Body Vigilance Scale is validated in nonclinical and anxiety disorder sample...