Dante Caceres

• University of Chile

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women, associated with biological, genetic, and socio-environmental factors. Living near urban green spaces (UGS) has been widely linked to beneficial health effects. Objective: To explore the association between the availability of UGS and BC incidence in...

114 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second most common cancer in Chile, affecting both men and women. Late diagnosis results in approximately 25% of patients presenting with metastatic disease, with a five-year survival rate of about 14%. Standard treatment includes tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, commonly involv...

Colorectal cancer is a common disease, both in Chile and worldwide. The most widely used chemotherapy schemes are based on 5-fluorouracil (5FU) as the foundational drug (FOLFOX, CapeOX). Genetic polymorphisms have emerged as potential predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy, but conclusive evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investig...

Colorectal cancer is a common disease, both in Chile and worldwide. The most widely used chemotherapy schemes are based on 5-fluorouracil (5FU) as the foundational drug. Genetic polymorphisms have emerged as potential predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy, but conclusive evidence is lacking. Additionally, the interplay between hereditar...

The non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) and the carcinogenic risk index (CRI) due to exposure to metal(loid)s were assessed in children and adults living adjacent to a beach contaminated with mine tailings. Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) were determined in fine particulate...

VIRUS Y SOCIEDAD: HACER DE LA TRAGEDIA SOCIAL UNA OPORTUNIDAD DE CAMBIOS. ENSAYOS SOBRE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19.

Here we assess the effect of weather and anthropogenic environmental variables, particularly urbanization, on cystic echinococcosis mortality in Chile from 2001 to 2011 using a nonparametric regression model, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and Poisson nonlinear regression models. This study integrated data from various sources on weather...

Coyhaique (Southern Chile) is one of the most polluted cities in the Americas due to the burning of firewood. In 2016, a mass substitution of residential heating technology was launched to decrease the air concentrations of particulate matter in the winter. Based on time series analyses, the article discusses the effect of this measure on PM2.5 lev...

El presente documento es el resultado de un largo proceso que se extiende a lo largo de los años 2018, 2019 y 2020. Su hito participativo inicial tuvo lugar el 12 de octubre del 2018, en el conversatorio “El Riesgo de Vivir en Zonas de Sacrificio”, desarrollado en la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Chile. Su hito participa...

Background: Environmental noise can cause auditory and non-auditory adverse effects. Aim: To identify daily environmental noise patterns in two urban sites of Metropolitan Santiago. Material and Methods: Continuous measurements of environmental noise in two sites of Metropolitan Santiago were analyzed by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. On...

Background: Reproductive number (R0)-maps estimate risk zones of vector-borne diseases and geographical distribution changes under climate change. Aim: To map R 0 aiming to estimate the epidemiological risk of Chagas disease in Chile, its distribution and possible changes due to the global climate change. Material and Methods: We used a relationshi...

¿Qué necesita saber una comunidad que ha vivido un desastre socionatural para poder transformarlo en una oportunidad para vivir mejor? El 25 de marzo de 2015 (25M) la fuerza de voluntad de las comunidades de Atacama fue puesta a prueba una vez más cuando severos aluviones, provocados por un evento de intensas lluvias, bajaron por las quebradas afec...

Resumen El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo, según datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2015 ocasionó 8,8 millones de muertes. Dentro de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer se encuentran el tabaquismo y el consumo de alcohol. En Chile el 33,6% de la población fuma y un 21,2 % de los jóvenes. E...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, causing 8.8 million deaths in 2015 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Risk factors for cancer include smoking and alcohol con sumption. In Chile, 33.6% of the population and 21.2% of young people smokes. Alcohol consump tion in the Chilean population is 74.5% and 12.2% in youn...

Background: Confusion in observational epidemiological studies distorts the relationship between exposure and event. “Step by step” regression models, diverts the decision to a statistical algorithm with little causal basis. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), qualitatively and visually assess the confusion. They can complement the decision on confound...

Background. Host genetic predispositions may be important determinants of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The association between Interferon-L 4 (IFNL4) rs12979860 C>T polymorphism and risk of liver fibrosis in CHC is contradictory. Aim: To evaluate the impact of IFNL4 rs12979860 polymorphism on the risk of fibrosis in p...

Air quality in schools is an important public health issue because children spend a considerable part of their daily life in classrooms. Particulate size and chemical composition has been associated with negative health effects. We studied levels of trace element concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in indoor versus outdoor school sett...

Background: Vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi appears to be interrupted in Chile; however, data show increasing incidence of Chagas' disease, raising concerns that there may be a reemerging problem. Objective: To estimate the actual risk in a changing world it is necessary to consider the historical vector distribution and correlate this...

Background: Bites constitute a public health problem worldwide. Aim: To characterize epidemiologically bites by animals happened in the province of Los Andes (2005-2007). Method: Descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study. Studied variables: Bitten person (BP), accident by bite, biting animal and bite. It was not feasible to obtain more...

Chagaś disease is a human health problem in Latin America. It is highly prevalent in northern Chile between the Arica-Parinacota and Coquimbo regions, with reported incidence of 3-11/100000 inhabitants and mortality of 0.3-0.4/100000. The interruption of vector transmission was reported in 1999 by means of the elimination of the primary vector, Tri...

Chagas disease remains highly prevalent in Chile, especially between the regions of Arica and Parinacota, and Coquimbo. Since 1999 it is considered that in Chile the vector transmission was interrupted. Under this premise, the epidemiological dynamics should be changing. We analyzed the evolution of the prevalence of Chagas’ disease analyzing 64,99...

Background: The polymorphism rs58542926 C > T (E167K) in the gene of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) has been identified as a determinant of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Only limited data have been published on this subject in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Objectives: This study aimed...

Between 1984-1998, people living in Arica were involuntarily exposed to metalcontaining waste stored in the urban area. The study aims to determine whether children who lived near the waste disposal site during early childhood experienced negative effects on their cognitive development. The cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Inte...

Chagas disease remains highly prevalent in Chile, especially between the regions of Arica and Parinacota, and Coquimbo. Since 1999 it is considered that in Chile the vector transmission was interrupted. Under this premise, the epidemiological dynamics should be changing. We analyzed the evolution of the prevalence of Chagas’ disease analyzing 64,99...

One transcendental aspect of epidemiology is to predict the evolution of infectious diseases, especially in cases of pandemic outbreaks. In the last decade the emphasis has been placed in the spatial progression of epidemics. Percolation models have been proposed that describe the progress of parasitic infestations and epidemics. In this study, we...

Indoor air quality in school classrooms is a major pediatric health concern because children are highly susceptible to adverse effects from xenobiotic exposure. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from mining waste deposits within and near cities in northern Chile is a serious environmental problem. We measured PM2.5 in school microenvironments...

Teeth are an excellent research material in living persons and in corpses, in the anthropological, genetic, dental and forensic fields, because of their characteristics (hardness, resistance to chemical attack, fire and decay). Mandibular canine teeth are the least affected by periodontal disease, the least extracted teeth, are more resistant to se...

Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant, often above the norm in some areas of Santiago in the spring-summer period. It is formed in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions, between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have an important biogenic contribution (BVOCs). In this research the interrelationship between urba...

Background: Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata), a medicinal plant, has shown anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antifibrotic effects in animal models as well as clinical efficacy in different studies, including an anti-fatigue effect in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In multiple sclerosis (MS), fatigue is rated as one of...

Ipomoea reniformis Chaos is claimed in Indian traditional medical practice to be useful in the treatment of epilepsy and neurological disorders. In the present study, pretreatment effect of methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis on epilepsy and psychosis was evaluated in rodents using standard procedures. Besides evaluating epileptic and behavior...

We tested the influence of four polymorphisms and gene duplication in CYP2D6 on in vivo enzyme activity in a Chilean mestizo population in order to identify the most relevant genetic profiles that account for observed phenotypes in this ethnic group. CYP2D6*2 (2850C>T), *3 (2549A>del), *4 (1846G>A), *17 (1023C>T) and gene duplication were determine...

There is much literature on the effects of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on respiratory and cardio-vascular health. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of PM 2.5 on a population living in the vicinity of a massive deposit of mine tailings. A longitudinal panel study was performed to evaluate the association between exposure to PM 2.5...

¿ Qué es la Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) ? La EM es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por inflamación y degeneración del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) que representa la principal causa no traumática de discapacidad física en la población adulto-joven (20-40 años). ¿Cuál es la incidencia? Se estima que el número de afectados es de 2,5 millones de...

has adverse health effects, especially those less than 2.5 microns size (PM2.5), because it penetrates more distal areas of the respiratory tract. Moreover, the components vary according to the source; few studies have investigated the effects of PM over population living near a deposit of mine tailing. Chañaral city, located in northern Chile, is...

Objective To determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experience in adults and older adults from central Chile.Materials and methodsA sample of 453 adults, 35–44 years of age, and 438 older adults, 65–74 years of age, was interviewed and examined using World Health Organisation (WHO) methods. Sociodemo...

Many people around the world uses fossil fuels and other forms of biomass as a source of energy for cooking or heating purposes. These fuels generate high levels of indoor pollutants, which can be extremely deleterious to the health of the exposure persons. This problem is relevant if we consider that people spend about 70-90% indoors spaces, and p...

Aim: The impetus of our study was to investigate the effects of a nutritional supplement Delphinol®, an extract of maqui berries (Aristotelia chilensis) standardised to ≥25% delphinidins and ≥35% total anthocyanins, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels and identify the physiologic mechanism involved. Methods: Postprandial blood gluco...

Objective: Prognostic biomarkers that distinguish between patients with good or poor outcome can be used to guide decisions of whom to treat and how aggressively. In this sense, several groups have proposed genetic polymorphisms as potential susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers; however, their validity has not been proven. Thus, the main goal...

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production is one of the main mechanisms used to kill microbes during the innate immune response. D-lactic acid, which is augmented during acute ruminal acidosis, reduces platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced ROS production and L-selectin shedding in bovine neutrophils in vitro. This study was conducted to investiga...

The objective of this study was to compare personal exposure to particulate matter (fine and ultrafine particles) in commuters using different transport modes (bicycle, bus, car and subway) in a busy, assigned route in downtown Santiago, Chile. Volunteers carrying personal samplers completed scheduled commutes during the morning rush hours, while c...

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics areas are currently emerging fields focused to manage pharmacotherapy that may prevent undertreatment while avoiding associated drug toxicity in patients. Large international differences in the awareness and in the use of pharmacogenomic testing are presumed, but not well assessed to date. In the present study...

INTRODUCTION: polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes have been associated as risk factors for prostate cancer (CaP), although their role as prognostic markers is not fully validated. The aim of this work was to study in a group of patients undergoing screening, utility CYP1A1 polymorphism in the diagnosis and survival of Chilean patients with P...

Introduction: Tobacco and alcohol consumption are recognized risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. These xenobiotics are metabolized by numerous enzymes, among which, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors for developing tobacco related cancers as lung and laryngeal carcinomas. Nevertheless, these...

Relation of genetic variants of CYP2A6 with tobacco dependence and smoking habit in Chilean subjects. A pilot study Background: Genetic and metabolic factors associated with nicotine me-tabolism may be related to smoking behavior. Aim: To assess the prevalence of allelic and genotype variants of CYP2A6 in a sample of Chilean subjects and to evaluat...

Indoor and personal carbon monoxide exposure risk assessment in sample of apartment buildings in Santiago, Chile

Exposición a Monóxido de Carbono en individuos que viven en departamentos de la Región Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile

Introduction: Tobacco and alcohol consumption are recognized risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. These xenobiotics are metabolized by numerous enzymes, among which, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors for developing tobacco related cancers as lung and laryngeal carcinomas. Nevertheless, these...

Introduction.Levonorgestrel a synthetic progestagen used for endometriosis, dysmenorrhea and emergency contraception, is quickly and completely absorbed in the digestive tract. levonorgestrel is predominantly metabolised through hepatic routes that utilise the CYP3A system (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5). Objective.This study aimed to evaluate the association...

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The cancer incidence rate in Chile is 133.7/100,000 inhabitants and it is the second cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases. Most of the antineoplastic drugs are metabolized to be detoxified, and some of them to be activated. Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes can induce deep chan...

The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of an oral formulation of the coumarin derivative-vitamine K antagonist acenocoumarol (AcebronTM 4 mg, Test) with the reference formulation (Neo-SintromTM 4 mg). We performed a single-dose, double-blind, fasting, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover study design. Plasma concentrations of acenocoum...

El levonorgestrel, un progestágeno sintético usado para endometriosis, dismenorrea y anticoncepción de emergencia, es rápida y completamente absorbido en el tubo digestivo. Su metabolismo es principalmente hepático, mediante las enzimas CYP3A4 y CYP3A5. Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre la farmacocinét...

Indoor carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is considered around the world as one of the most important causes of poisoning with fatal outcomes. This study determined indoor CO levels and personal CO exposure and related risk factors during human activities in 96 apartments in a community of Santiago, Chile during the period from September to December of...

Genetic and metabolic factors associated with nicotine metabolism may be related to smoking behavior. To assess the prevalence of allelic and genotype variants of CYP2A6 in a sample of Chilean subjects and to evaluate their relationship with smoking and tobacco dependence. The genotype frequencies for *2, *3 and *4 of CYP2A6*1 (wild type) gene were...

Variantes genéticas de CYP2A6 y su relación con la dependencia tabáquica y el hábito de fumar en una muestra individuos chilenos. Un estudio piloto Relation of genetic variants of CYP2A6 with tobacco dependence and smoking habit in Chilean subjects. A pilot study Background: Genetic and metabolic factors associated with nicotine metabolism may be r...

Bioavailability (BA) means the speed and amount of the active molecular structure that reaches the systemic circulation from its site of administra- tion, it is a characteristic of medicinal products that provides information about its qualily, safety and efficacy. On the other hand, bioequivalence (BE) considers pharmaceutical equivalents or alter...

Background: Most of the patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for extended periods show variability in their clinical response. Acenocumarol, the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant in our country, is biotransformed mainly through CYP2C9 and recent research shows that CYP2C9*2 variant is partly responsible for the variable response to ac...

Epidemiologically characterizing breast cancer in the Arica and Parinacota region in Chile and its evolution during 1997-2007. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed. All clinical histories for 306 cases of breast cancer were reviewed. All patients were detected through the Arica Juan Noé Crevani Hospital's Oncological Mammary Polyclini...

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la eficiencia predictiva de modelos estadísticos paramétricos y no paramétricos para predecir episodios críticos de contaminación por material particulado PM10 del día siguiente, que superen en Santiago de Chile la norma de calidad diaria. Una predicción adecuada de tales episodios permite a la autoridad decretar medidas r...

En Chile la incidencia de leucemia es de 4.2/100.000 adultos al año. Dentro de ellas, 2,8/100.000 son leucemias agudas y 1,4/100.000 son leucemias crónicas. La quimioterapia para el cáncer ha progresado desde su introducción a la práctica clínica y constituye una modalidad terapéutica muy útil en las leucemias. Sin embargo, su uso se ve limitado po...

To evaluate the predictive efficiency of two statistical models (one parametric and the other non-parametric) to predict critical episodes of air pollution exceeding daily air quality standards in Santiago, Chile by using the next day PM10 maximum 24h value. Accurate prediction of such episodes would allow restrictive measures to be applied by heal...

olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in tobacco smoke acquire carcinogenicity following their acti- vation by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to highly reactive metabolites. The cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is central to the metabolic activation of these PAHs, and GSTM1 is the main enzyme responsible for its detoxification. CYP1A1...

Glutathione S-tranferases (GST) are multigenic enzymes that have been associated with arsenic metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between polymorphic variants of GST and urinary concentration of arsenic species in people exposed to low levels of arsenic. A cross-sectional study among 66 nonoccupationally exposed...

The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters between two brands of pregabalin in healthy Chilean volunteers. A randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study design with a 2-week washout period was conducted in healthy Chilean males. Plasma samples were collected over a 12-hour period after administration...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in tobacco smoke acquire carcinogenicity following their activation by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to highly reactive metabolites. The cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is central to the metabolic activation of these PAHs, and GSTM1 is the main enzyme responsible for its detoxification. CYP1A1...

Changes in bioavailability of anticonvulsant drugs such as topiramate may cause loss of or worsened seizure control. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate, in a double-blind crossover design, the bioavailability between two oral formulations of topiramate in healthy volunteers after a single dose. The protocol, approved by the Institution...

The hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata nees; andrographolide and 14‐desoxiandrographolide were studied for its effect on P450 content, CYP2B1 and CYP1A1 catalytic activities. Wistar female rats were i.p. injected with 40 mg/Kg of either the extract or andrographolides. Liver were obtained and the assays were performed...

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex Nees (Acanthaceae) possesses anti-inflammatory effects, attributed to the main constituent andrographolide proposed as alternative in the treatment of autoimmune disease. A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed. Tablets...

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex Nees (Acanthaceae) possesses anti-inflammatory effects, attributed to the main constituent Andrographolide proposed as alternative in the treatment of autoimmune disease. A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed. Tablets...

Abstracts Introduction: Indoor carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is considered one of the most important causes of poisoning with fatal outcomes around the world. This situation has been more frequent in people living in building composed by apartments. Building characteristics and probably the ignorance of its habitant has been determinant in the ma...

Senna crude herbal paste, CIRUELAX®, laxative used in America and Spain, was administered by oral gavage to mice and rats once daily in doses from 2 to 10 g/kg for 7 days. LD50 was rated as higher than 10 g/kg. To determine subchronic peroral toxicity (SPT), rats were treated with 1, 2.7 and 6 g/kg of CIRUELAX® for 90 days. Body weight (BW) data an...

Lung cancer (LCa) is the leading cause of death by cancer in men. Genetic and environmental factors play a synergistic role in its etiology. We explore in 111 lung cancer cases and 133 unrelated noncancer controls the gene-environment interaction (G x E) between p53cd72 polymorphism variants and smoking and the effect on LCa risk in two kinds of ca...

Olanzapine is a new thienobenzodiazepinic antipsicotic related to clozapine. This drug have shown great efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenic patients, with low incidence of adverse reactions. Olanzapine have several formulations from multiple origins in the market, many of them without therapeutic equivalence studies to ensure its quality, sa...

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are very important to metabolize anti-carcinogenic agents. Therefore, understanding the role of these enzymes and their allele variants in the bioactivation or detoxification of drugs could greatly benefit antineoplastic pharmacotherapy. The aim of this manuscript is to give information about metabolizing enzymes for antineo...

Since 2003, the North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness (NCCPHP) has issued the bi-monthly online periodical FOCUS on Field Epidemiology, which provides a hands-on practical approach to various field epidemiology topics. This periodical has been well received and has garnered praise as a useful training tool for public health professio...

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are very important to metabolize anti-carcinogenic agents. Therefore, understanding the role of these enzymes and their allele variants in the bioactivation or detoxification of drugs could greatiy benefit antineoplastic pharmacotherapy. The aim of thís manuscrípt is to give information about metabohzing enzymes for antineop...

CYP2E1 enzyme is related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to its ability for reactive oxygen species production, which can be influenced by polymorphisms in the gene. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic levels, activity, and polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 gene to correlate it with clinical and histological features in 48 female...