Danmei Sun

Heriot-Watt University · School of Textiles and Design

In this investigation, air plasma treatment was utilised to activate the surfaces of 100% grey and bleached cotton fabrics in preparation for metallic pigment printing. The study delved into the surface morphology, wettability, and surface chemistry properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed roughness and grooves in the treated samples...

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, has revolutionized various industries, and the textile industry is one of them. Smart textiles, also known as electronic textiles or e-textiles, is a fast-growing field where nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in enhancing their functionality and performance. This chapter explores the...

This study delves into the emotional engagement elicited by displaying holograms in museum settings, offering a comprehensive analysis of visitors’ emotional responses and the technological features that influence them. Utilising a qualitative approach complemented by a TF-IDF analysis, the research gathered data from diverse participants who exper...

In this sustainability-oriented research, the properties of plant-based inks were evaluated denoting the viscosity range of 8.5 to 10 cP, the relative density of 1.06, conductivity value of 2.51 mS/cm, and the surface tension of 60 mN/m and pH of 4.9 to be most effective for inkjet printing. The changes in these properties to the one-month storage...

Seamless garment technology is apparently a sustainable and efficient garment-manufacturing approach. This technology is already used in knitting for sportswear, hosiery and other knitted garments. Garment industry relies mainly on weaving technique; therefore, seamless weaving also needs to be studied for its further exploration. This review paper...

The emissions and effluents from the textile industry are posing dire consequences to environmental and human health alike. Of particular concern is the depletion of mineral ores, namely copper and ferrous, utilized in textile processing units for varied purposes, such as mordants for the natural coloration of textiles to enhance the fastness prope...

In this paper, each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is discussed in the context of textiles and fashion. The necessity of collaborative efforts is accentuated to overcome the climate crisis and human health concerns encountered by the textiles and fashion industry. The concerns over poverty faced by cotton farmers, soil depletion, an...

In this study two different types of flexible pads with novel cellular structures, i.e., honeycomb and re-entrant honeycomb were designed and additively manufactured by a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer using two different types of flexible photo-curable resin materials. The low-velocity impact resistance capacity and compressive properties of b...

A mini-review is presented on handmade papers regarding their origin from papyrus to modern paper mill start-ups in the USA. The overview succinctly covers the process of making handmade papers, value addition, and product design. The scientific investigations on obtaining HMP from innovative raw materials such as coffee beans, agro-waste, seaweeds...

Hybrid composites have gained exceptional interest from researchers and industry sectors in the last couple of decades with an aim to improve existing and/or develop new composites to cater for a wide variety of applications. In this research, hybrid composites utilizing glass fibre combined with textile hard waste were fabricated. A control sample...

3D‐printed cellular structures have attracted increased attention in recent years due to the many advantages of additive manufacturing technology. However, much of the current research is focused on the use of rigid or combined rigid and soft materials. Herein, the impact resistance of 3D cellular structures manufactured by stereolithography (SLA)...

The influence of class C fly ash as a substitute for mineral aggregate on the stability and density of asphalt mixtures containing 3.5−6 wt% of bitumen was investigated. For the fly ash concentration (in relation to the replaced aggregate) 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt%, the optimal asphalt content (OAC) was determined, respectively, 5.75, 4.82, 4.42, 4.4...

Solvents and humectants are utilized in vast amounts in the textile digital print industry. This poses dire consequences to the environment and human health. The instigated study experimented with eco-friendly pre-treatment to prepare wool and cotton fabrics for digital printing with herbal inks. A factorial experiment was designed to study the qua...

The paper presents the results of research on the utilization of textile denim sludge waste, which was used to obtain concrete and mortar. For this purpose, cement and sand were replaced with the powdered sludge in the amount of 5 and 10 wt. The sludge was initially analyzed by FTIR and XRD to identify functional groups and chemical composition, re...

In this study, the ecologically pre-treated wool and cotton fabrics were digitally printed with eco-friendly plant-based inks of blue, red, yellow, and black colours obtained from the plant extracts of bio indigo leaves, quebracho red bark and the flame of the forest flowers. It was found that the Plasma Surface Treated (PST) wool and cotton fabric...

In this sustainability-oriented research, the properties of plant-based inks were evaluated denoting the viscosity range of 8.5 to 10 cP, the relative density of 1.06, conductivity value of 2.51 mS/cm, and the surface tension of 60 mN/m and pH of 4.9 to be most effective for inkjet printing. The changes in these properties to the one-month storage...

The textile industry is ambitiously parading towards circularity and curtailing its dependency on fossil fuels hence the instigated research that adheres to Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) and benefits the environment and human health alike. The current research experimented with innovative sources of plant-based biomaterials namely dandelio...

Polyester (PET) is used in asphalt binder to improve the sustainability and performance of the road. Modification of asphalt has become a serious demand these days due to performance requirements caused by significant traffic and heavy vehicles. Asphalt alone cannot bear the stresses. The Marshall Mix design method is used for testing treated and u...

In this research paper, sustainable technologies that are plasma surface treatment and digital printing of wool and cotton fabrics with herbal inks are implemented for ecological outcomes. One of the significant objectives was to study the plasma surface modification and its implication on fabric absorbency, K/S values gained, and the fastness prop...

Accepted

Sustainable development Goals (SDGs) promote the utilization of renewable materials and processing methodologies for achieving circularity in the fashion industry production. Hence, the initiated research was to investigate the innovative and renewable plant-based sources of mordants and colourants for textiles that benefit the environment and huma...

The mini-review focuses on solutions that would compel sustainable outcomes in the textile segment. The ideas of a plethora of surplus ecological material matrices, green technologies, and eco-friendly additives available in nature are put forth. It discusses the regeneration of the land, water, and energy that would contribute to carbon neutralit...

Micro-encapsulated Phase Change Materials (MicroPCMs) have been widely used to enhance the thermal comfort of the clothing; they can be applied to fabric by various techniques including the coating process. Phase change material (PCM) has a unique property of latent heat that can absorb and release energy over a constant temperature range which enh...

Circular economy calls for circular materials implemented at each stage of input for zero waste output including textile wet processing. Thereby combating global climate and human health crises attributed to textile emissions and effluents. UN Sustainable development goals promulgate sustainable resource applications throughout the manufacturing ch...

The textile industry is witnessing a paradigm shift towards sustainability to circumvent ecological dilemmas and human health jeopardies arising from textile processing. Therefore, the review paper herein focuses on the role of green chemistry in synthesizing the natural biological pigments and biomordants for textile substrates such as Sarsasapoge...

The evidence coupled with awareness towards carcinogenic effects of synthetic textiles dyes to the wearer, exhausting fossil fuels, ecological balance distortion, and increased pollutants from the textile industry harming the environment, is on the rise. In this context, the paper provides a significant overview of ancient biomaterial engineering w...

To refute the global catastrophe owing to emissions and effluents from the textile wet processing units, with sustainability at fore, the research herein performs the processing of natural fibers with herbal materials for coloration and to add functionality. Biodegradable fibers bamboo, banana, and merino wool were contemplatively considered for tr...

In the mid-twentieth century, natural fibre shortages spurred research into regenerated protein fibres, including research into regenerated wool keratin. Although these materials were soon displaced by outperforming synthetic fibres, today's global shifts towards an eco-friendlier, more environmentally aware, sustainable fashion industry have incre...

The textile industry is witnessing a paradigm shift towards sustainability to circumvent ecological dilemmas and human health jeopardies arising from textile processing. Therefore, the review paper herein focuses on the role of green chemistry in synthesizing the natural biological pigments and biomordants for textile substrates such as Sarsasapoge...

The fossil-based emissions and effluents from the textile wet processing units have acute implications on the environment and human wellbeing. Therefore, a paradigm shift towards sustainable alternative materials and technology has become imperative. Thus, the overview herein emphasizes the sustainable chemistry that ubiquitously exists to propel e...

The aim of this paper is to boost productivity improvement by reducing the rejection rate and finding ways to improve the quality of the textile (denim) industry. The methodology used here is based on Six Sigma, which aids as a catalyst for lowering the rejection rate in the denim industry. Six Sigma in this paper serves as a systematic tool for co...

Smart and interactive textiles have been attracted great attention in recent years. This research explored three different techniques and processes in developing textile-based conductive coils that are able to embed in a garment layers. Coils made through embroidery and screen printing have good dimensional stability, although the resistance of scr...

Commercial high-performance fibre materials for body armour have very low surface friction and this has become an issue in the effectiveness of ballistic impact energy absorption. Also, the incidence of sports injuries in high contact sports is high. The severity of injuries of police and sportsman can be reduced by wearing enhanced protective clot...

Renewable energy from thermal valorization plays a key part in today's energy from natural cellulosic textiles that are resourceful biomass and safe from toxicity at high temperature treatments. The situation is opposite, when technical textiles are treated with synthetic chemical finishes adding functionality as anti-bacterial, water repellent or...

This chapter will provide an introduction to the importance of thermal properties of textiles related to physiological comfort, the emerging area of smart textiles, and the benefits of phase-change material (PCM), which would bring for the thermal management solution of textile and clothing system. The working principle of PCM will be described, an...

Smart textiles especially phase change materials in the stage of development process and still many important accomplishments are hidden with the success corner of related researchers due to unavailability of testing standards for clothing containing micro capsulated PCMs, compatibility of materials, matching with material properties and thermal pe...

The textile sector is growing, so does the technical aspects of it. This has resulted in more chemical consumption. Recently, technical textiles, with attributional substances received attention due to sustainability factor in terms of their raw material production and manufacturing. Studies are present using life cycle assessment (LCA) results to...

The environmental impact of plastics has been made increasing concerns in recent years. Post-consumer plastic bottles created an environmental crisis. Polyester is a very versatile fibre material that has been widely used in the textile and fashion industry. However recycled polyester (R-PET) is not yet widely available at a commercial mass-market...

Flame retardant textiles along with their attributional chemicals end their lifespan into the waste streams like incineration and landfills. This article discusses the available waste-to-energy techniques analyzed for the flame retardant textiles. A continuous seek of new flame retardants for textiles led to a focus on the replacement of previously...

Advances in material science and semiconductor technology have enabled a variety of inventions to be implemented in electronic systems and devices used in the medical, telecommunications, and consumer electronics sectors. In this paper, a wireless charging system is described as a wearable body heater that uses a chair as a transmitter (Tx). This s...

A thermolysis oil derived from textile is described. The oil comprises an N heterocyclic aromatic compound and/or a substituted derivative thereof in an amount of at least 2 wt.%. Also described is a method of providing a thermolysis oil, a feeder (100) for an apparatus (1) for thermolysing a textile, an apparatus (1) for thermolysing a textile and...

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely being used in thermal energy storage systems for solar engineering, building materials, heat pumps, spacecraft, and in textile field especially smart and technical textiles. There are large numbers of organic and inorganic PCMs that possess a wide range of melting and solidifying temperature which attracts r...

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely being used in thermal energy storage systems for solar engineering, building materials, heat pumps, spacecraft, and in textile field especially smart and technical textiles. There are large numbers of organic and inorganic PCMs that possess a wide range of melting and solidifying temperature which attracts r...

Air permeability is one of the very important factors which need to be considered at the development stage of textile fabrics because it affects the comfort of the clothing. During normal and extreme environmental conditions human body releases heat and the heat can be controlled by the air exchange between the body and clothing microclimate and th...

Smart coatings and membranes are currently flourishing on the market. There is hence an important need in developing techniques or using existing techniques to characterize their properties. This chapter describes some important testing techniques and methods (both qualitative and quantative) and their working principles. These methods cover testin...

Optimization of the mechanical and thermal properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer blended with relatively new low molecular low modulus polypropylene (LMPP) at different blend ratios was carried out via surface response methodology (RSM). Regression equations for the prediction of optimal conditions were achieved considering eight...

The research reports the development of geometrical models of woven fabric structures and evaluation of fabric thermal properties by using finite element method. A mesoscopic scale modelling approach was used to investigate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of woven textile structures. Various techniques, including scanning...

Nonwoven fabric can be produced for thermal insulation. It has low fibre volume fraction. Thermal insulation property of fibrous materials depends on not only the thermal conductivity of fibre but also the entrapped static air. If fibre volume fraction is low in fibrous assembly it means that more air in the volume, therefore, the insulation proper...

The negative effects of sunlight has been known associated with the development of skin cancer, skin aging, immune suppression, and eye diseases. The UV Index is an important parameter to alert people about the need to adopt protective measures. This paper reports a design concept and techniques developed in engineering UV indexable two-layer narro...

The thermophysical properties of textile materials are very important in helping to understand the thermal comfort of fabrics for clothing and technical textiles. An experimental setup for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of fabrics was developed based on the heat flow meter principle. The setup was considered highly accurate and reliabl...

Phase change materials (PCM) are capable of storing thermal energy and can be used in smart textiles providing thermoregulating effect. Different PCM stores different amount of energy at certain temperature and then release the stored energy in the form of latent heat. This research reports the synthesis of nanocapsules containing Glauber’s salt as...

Smart phase change materials (PCMs) can provide comfort to the wearer in extreme weather by absorbing heat in a hot environment and releasing stored heat in a cold environment. The nanocapsules containing a mixtures of paraffin as PCMs were synthesized to bring the phase change temperature to around 33 °C which is closer to the skin comfort tempera...

The thermal properties of fabric have significant impact on thermal comfort of the wearers. This research work covers the development of geometrical models of plain weft knitted fabric structures and evaluation of the thermal properties by using the fluid surface interaction technique. The results obtained from the numerical method were compared wi...

Sustainability of textiles and fashion has been paid attention in recent years. Till now recycling of unwanted clothing into new source of textile materials is one that isn’t being explored as intensively as other areas. This research brings to light the valuable source of recycled cotton fibers and to explore ways in which consumers can be made mo...

Woven fabrics made by high performance fibrous materials play dominant role in ballistic armour applications. This chapter will introduce body armour materials developed over the years, ballistic impact mechanisms and factors affecting ballistic performance of a woven fabric. Ballistic testing techniques namely ballistic energy absorption, ballisti...

The effect of core thread tension on the structure and quality of multi-thread bouclé yarn has been studied experimentally. The core thread tension is controlled using the tension rollers and is set at five different values. The results show that the number of bouclé profiles increases to approximately 36 per metre, and relatively low variability o...

The thermal property of fabric structures is an important factor in the understanding of the thermo-physiological comfort of clothing. In this work a method has been developed for the determination of thermal conductivity of plain woven fabrics. A special core spun yarn used as weft yarn in a poly-viscose fabric and other two simple plain weave cot...

In this work a method is developed for the determination of thermal conductivity of plain woven fabric. A special core spun yarn used as weft yarn in poly-viscose fabric and other two simple plain weave cotton and wool fabric were used.Temperature specified boundary conditions were applied for the determination of effective thermal conductivity of...

The thermal property of textile structures plays an important role in the understanding of thermal behaviour of the clothing. In this work, user-friendly GUI plug-ins have been developed to generate both microscopic and mesoscopic scale models for finite element analysis. The plug-ins were developed by using Abaqus/CAE as a platform. The GUI Plug-i...

Plasma treatment has many advantages in surface modification of natural fibre made textile products, including its effective alteration of surface properties of textiles and reducing the usage of environmentally hazardous chemicals. This chapter reports on the principles of plasma treatment, practical functions created using various plasma gases an...

Industrial solid waste is a misplaced resource. The feasibility of using industrial solid wastes to prepare the sintering-expanded ceramsite is discussed in this paper, with focus on the domestic and foreign research progresses about the sintering-expanded ceramsite produced from industrial solid wastes, such as coal gangue, fly ash, steel slag and...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ballistic performance of angle-interlock woven fabrics. Different fabric structures firstly have been compared to benchmark the ballistic performance of angle-interlock woven fabrics using the energy loss test. It has been shown that compared with other woven structures, angle-interlock woven fabric d...

Phase change materials (PCMs) provide thermal management solution to textiles for the protection of wearer from extreme weather conditions. PCMs are the substances which can store or release a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at certain melting temperature. This research reports the heat transfer property of multifilament yarn inco...

Thermal property of clothing has significant impact on thermal comfort of the wearers. In an extreme working condition body releases a lot of heat and sweat, in order to keep the body dry and at normal temperature these heat and sweat should be released in the environment. The thermal comfort of the fabrics mainly depends on how well it transmits h...

The thermal property of fabric structures is an important factor in the understanding of the thermo-physiological comfort of clothing. In this work a method has been developed for the determination of thermal conductivity of plain woven fabrics. A special core spun yarn used as weft yarn in a poly-viscose fabric and other two simple plain weave cot...

Apart from fibre/yarn properties and fabric construction parameters, body armour performance also depends on the modification techniques used to alter fibre/yarn and fabric properties. The surface friction of currently used high-performance fibre materials Aramid and High Performance Polyethylene for soft body armour is very low and this has become...

Within the fashion industry sustainability is a hot topic, however the idea of recycling unwanted clothing into new is one that isn’t being explored as intensively as other areas. This study brings to light the valuable source that is recycled cotton fibres and to explore ways in which consumers can be made more aware of these garments. Fabrics fro...

This paper explores the possibility of introducing 3D printed parts into commercial garment production. The research investigates the cost and time needed to create 3D printed components for garment construction at the sample stage and provides an example of garment construction techniques. This research is completed in order to investigate whether...