Danijela Gasevic

• MD, PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Monash University (Australia)

Background Flooding has emerged as the most prevalent natural disaster, impacting billions of individuals worldwide. However, the long-term effects of flooding exposure on dementia remain unclear. Methods With a nested case-control design, a risk-set sampling method was used to match cases and controls. Annual cumulative flooding exposure was calc...

Background/Objectives: Egg consumption in adults has been linked with a modestly increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. However, evidence on adults aged 65 y+ is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between egg intake and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In this prospective cohort stu...

• With climate change, there has been a substantial rise in population exposure to floods in most regions of the world. • Flooding is linked to a wide range of adverse health outcomes, both direct and indirect, over short- and long-term periods; flood-related health consequences are often underestimated. • Certain populations, such as children, old...

Objectives The relationship between nut intake and disability-free survival (healthy lifespan) in later life is unclear. The objective was to evaluate the association between nut intake and disability-free survival in a cohort of adults aged ≥70 years, and whether this varied according to overall diet quality. Methods This prospective cohort study...

Study Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase risk of dementia. A potential pathway for this risk is through cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In the context of an existing randomized trial of aspirin for primary prevention, we aimed to investigate OSA’s impact on CSVD imaging measures and explore whether aspirin effects these mea...

Importance Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may increase the risk of dementia, however, studies have reported variable findings. We investigated if undiagnosed OSA in healthy older adults is associated with cognitive decline, and whether low-dose aspirin could attenuate this. Methods This was conducted as a sub-study of the ASPirin in Reducing Event...

Floods have been the most common type of disaster and are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Although there is growing evidence on the impacts of floods on human health, none has so far investigated the association between flooding exposure and biological aging acceleration. We collected data from 364 841 partici...

Background Floods are the most frequent weather-related disaster, causing significant health impacts worldwide. Limited studies have examined the long-term consequences of flooding exposure. Methods Flood data were retrieved from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory and linked with health data from 499,487 UK Biobank participants. To calculate the annu...

Background Walking for transport may prolong survival in younger and middle-aged adults; however, evidence for older adults is scarce. We examined a prospective relationship between transport-related walking and all-cause mortality among adults aged 70 years and over. Methods Community-dwelling, apparently healthy older adults (n=11 539; mean age...

Background Learner profiles detected from digital trace data are typically triangulated with survey data to explain those profiles based on learners' internal conditions (e.g., motivation). However, survey data are often analysed with limited consideration of the interconnected nature of learners' internal conditions. Objectives Aiming to enable a...

Objective To investigate the association between oral health status and all‐cause mortality in older adults using prospective cohort study design. Setting and participants In total, 12 809 adults aged ≥70 years (54.3% females) were participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOPs). Methods Participants self‐reported the pres...

Previous research suggested an association between air pollution and shortened telomere length (TL), a biomarker of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, supporting results are challenged by the small sample size and heterogeneity in participant characteristics. To comprehensively evaluate the association of long-term exposure to air pollutio...

Objective: To identify the socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics associated with self-reported weight status in early (age 18 years) and late (age ≥ 70 years) adulthood. Methods: The number of participants was 11,288, who were relatively healthy community-dwelling Australian adults aged ≥70 years (mean age 75.1 ± 4.2 years) in...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Addressing social determinants of health (SDoH) may be the next forefront of reducing the enormous burden of CVD. SDoH can be defined as any social, economic, or environmental factor that influences a health outcome. Comprehensive evidence of the role of SDoH in CVD is lackin...

Little is known about the associations between long-term exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality. We aimed to explore theses associations using the data from the UK Biobank cohort. Long-term wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure was defined as the 3-year cumulative concentrations of wildfire-related PM2.5 within a 10-km...

Objectives The extent to which body weight in early adulthood is associated with late-life mortality risk is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood (at 18 years of age) and older age (70 years and over), and the risk of mortality in later life. Design Secondary analysis of the ASPREE...

In the general population, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are recognized risk factors for several chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. However, whether these associations are the same for older adults is less clear. The association of baseline BMI and waist circumference with all-cause and cause-specific mortality was investigat...

Background: Psychological distress (stress) has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases and is exacerbated by a range of workplace factors. Physical activity has been shown to alleviate psychological distress. Previous pedometer-based intervention evaluations have tended to focus on physical health outcomes. This study aimed to invest...

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Background: Optimism is a disposition characterised by positive future expectancies, while pessimism is characterised by expecting the worst. High optimism and low pessimism promote the health of older adults and may potentiate full engagement in life. We identified socioeconomic, behavioural, and social factors associated with optimism and pessim...

In this cross-sectional analysis of 10,071 community dwelling adults aged ≥70 years, we examined factors associated with meal skipping (self-reported) using multivariable logistic regression. Prevalence of meal skipping in this study was 19.5%. The adjusted odds (aOR [95%CI]) of meal skipping were lower in those 85+ years (vs. 70–74.9 years, 0.56 [...

The intensity and frequency of wildfires is increasing globally. The systematic review of the current evidence on long-term impacts of non-occupational wildfire exposure on human health has not been performed yet. To provide a systematic review and identify potential knowledge gaps in the current evidence of long-term impacts of non-occupational ex...

Objective: Positive psychosocial factors may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine the association of optimism and pessimism with CVD events in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: 11,651 adults aged 70 years and over, participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP), were followed-up for 4.7...

Background: Stringent public health measures have been shown to influence the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within school environments. We investigated the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a primary school setting with and without public health measures, using fine-grained physical positioning traces captured before the COVID-19 pandemic. Met...

Background Optimism is a psychosocial asset associated with healthy ageing. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tremendously impacts people’s lives and health. This study explored what optimism means to older Australians and how the pandemic may have affected their perceptions. Methods Eleven adults (55% female), aged 68-74 years, living in metrop...

Later life changes in body weight may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in older adults. The objective of this study was to examine whether weight change over four years was associated with a 17-year mortality risk in older adults. Participants were 1664 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in the longitudinal Enquete de Sante’...

Objectives To systematically review the impact of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on the academic performance of undergraduate medicine, nursing and allied health students. Methods Randomised controlled trials that examined the effects of MBIs in medicine, nursing and allied health students on academic performance were eligible for inclusio...

Introduction Poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patient populations. However, whether HRQoL is associated with health outcomes among community-dwelling older people requires further investigation. This study aimed to examine whether HRQoL predicts cognitive decline, dementia, cardiovascu...

Background and objective: The clinical significance of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in older age is uncertain. This study determined the prevalence and associations of SDB with mood, daytime sleepiness, quality of life (QOL) and cognition in a relatively healthy older Australian cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted from...

Urbanisation is considered a major contributor to the rising prevalence of hypertension in West Africa, yet the evidence regarding rural-urban differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the region has been mixed. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and WHO’s African Index Medic...

Study objective The aim of this study was to identify whether physical component score (PCS) of health-related quality of life trajectories over 4.7-years predicted subsequent risk of incident fatal and non-fatal CVD events, and all-cause mortality. Methods This study included 16,871 community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years enrolled in the ASPREE...

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine whether weight loss, weight status (based on body mass index [BMI] categories), and abdominal obesity (based on waist circumference [WC]) were associated with a 17-year mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Participants were 2,017 community-dwelling adults aged 65 yea...

Context Meal skipping may contribute to nutrient deficiency across the lifespan. Multiple socioecological factors have been identified as correlates of meal skipping in adolescents and adults, but evidence in older adults is limited. Objective To determine the socioecological correlates of meal skipping in community-dwelling older adults. Data so...

Social, discursive and regulatory aspects of collaborative learning have been examined extensively. Yet, there is less research and systematic analysis on how the collaboratively constructed knowledge objects introduce and structure the conditions for collaborative processes and learning. In this symposium, we share and contrast methods and approac...

Objective To review the evidence on the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Biosis, Joanna Briggs, Global Health, and World Health Organization COVID-19 database (preprints)....

Background It has been shown that vitamin D is associated with obesity and the development of atherosclerosis. Less is known about this association among adolescents with obesity. Objectives To determine the association of vitamin D level and metabolic risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among obese adolescents. Methods We con...

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a measure of an individual’s self-perceived health status. Few studies have examined HRQoL as a risk factor for mortality. This study examined whether HRQoL predicts all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling individuals from Australia and the United States enrolled in the Aspirin in Reducin...

Aims: There has been considerable change in the management of type 2 diabetes over the previous decade with the introduction of several novel anti-hyperglycaemic agents and drug preparations. Here we investigated temporal changes in glycaemic control and use of anti-hyperglycaemic therapies in females and males with type 2 diabetes between 2013 to...

Aim and objectives: To determine the factors influencing nurses' decisions and capacity to reduce sedentary behaviour in hospital inpatients in sub-acute hospital settings. Background: Sedentary behaviour in hospital inpatients is a complex issue that can be resistant to resolution. There is little research investigating factors influencing nurs...

Objective: Optimism is modifiable and may be associated with healthy ageing. We aim to investigate whether dispositional optimism is associated with all-cause mortality in adults aged 70 years and older. Methods: Between 2010 and 2014, older adults free of serious cardiovascular disease and dementia were recruited through primary care physicians...

Research suggests that optimism and pessimism should be studied as two distinct constructs rather than as unidimensional, at opposing ends of a continuum. Optimism and pessimism have different associations with health-related behaviours, coping style, and a number of health outcomes. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the ass...

Background Lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been shown to predict a higher risk of hospital readmission and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have explored the associations between HRQoL and incident CVD. We explored the associations between baseline HRQoL and incident and fatal CVD in community-dw...

Purpose Previous research has demonstrated that lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, especially in-patient groups. The association of HRQoL with all-cause mortality in community samples requires further investigation. This study aimed to examine whether HRQoL predicts all-cause mortality in...

Background The objective was to capture the breadth of outcomes that have been associated with metformin use and to systematically assess the quality, strength and credibility of these associations using the umbrella review methodology. Methods Four major databases were searched until 31 May 2020. Meta‐analyses of observational studies and meta‐an...

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been shown to predict adverse health outcome in the general population. Objective We examined the cross-sectional association between HRQoL and cognitive performance at baseline. Next, we explored whether baseline HRQoL predicted 5-year incident cognitive decline and dementia and whether there...

Aims/hypothesis Few studies examine the association between age at diagnosis and subsequent complications from type 2 diabetes. This paper aims to summarise the risk of mortality, macrovascular complications and microvascular complications associated with age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Methods Data were sourced from MEDLINE and All EBM (Evid...

Introduction This study investigated the gender differences in reported barriers to participation in after‐school physical activity (PA) and related health and socio‐behavioural factors in Australian schoolchildren. Methods 5001 students aged 10 to 16 years completed the health and well‐being survey in 2014 indicating that they would like to parti...

Objective there may be age-related differences in the impact of weight change on health. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the relationship between weight change and all-cause mortality in adults aged 65 years and older. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from inception to 11 June 2020, PROSPERO CRD 42019142268. We i...

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual' general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population. Methods: An elect...

Motivation theory and research remain underused by health professions educators. Some educators say it can seem too abstract. To address this, we applied health care language to learner motivation theories. Using a familiar metaphor, we examined the indications, mechanism of action, administration, and monitoring of learner motivation interventions...

Objectives: Association between socio-demographic factors and dementia risk is studied in general but not for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods: We studied AF patients ≥ 45 years in Sweden 1998-2012 (n = 537,513) using the Total Population Register for socio-demographic factors, the Swedish Cause of Death Register, and the National Pati...

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Background Tobacco smoking and diabetes mellitus contribute significantly to the overall health burden and mortality of Australians. We aimed to assess the relationship of smoking with glycemic control, metabolic profile and complications in Australian patients living with diabetes. Methods We analysed the 2011–2017 biennial Australian National Di...

Introduction Physical inactivity is a risk factor for many non‐communicable diseases. As reported by the World Health Organisation, 81% of children worldwide are physically inactive. Environmental factors, such as neighbourhood walkability, can shape people’s physical activity (PA) behaviour. This study explored the association between neighbourhoo...

Studying online requires well-developed self-regulated learning skills to properly manage one’s learning strategies. Learning analytics research has proposed novel methods for extracting theoretically meaningful learning strategies from trace data originating from formal learning settings (online, blended, or flipped classroom). Thus identified str...

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population. Methods: An elect...

Purpose: We aimed to study the association between country of birth and incident epilepsy in several immigrant groups using Swedish-born individuals as referents. Method: The study population included all adults aged 18 years and older in Sweden, living and deceased, 6,690,598 in the first-generation and 6,683,125 in the second-generation sub-st...

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population. Methods: An elect...

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population. Methods: An elect...

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population. Methods: An elect...

Objective: This study aimed to identify the association between the food environment and obesity. Methods: BMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured in 8,076 participants from three cities. The number of fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants, bars/pubs, markets, and liquor stores within 500 m of each participant was documented. Th...

Introduction: Evidence on the combined effect of fruit and vegetable intake and total fat intake on hypertension is scarce. This study aimed to explore the relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, fat intake, and hypertension risk among Chinese adults. Methods: Individuals who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004, 20...

A systematic review protocol to assess the association between human urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV infection

Background Fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) has been inversely associated with the risk of depression. However, there is a gap in evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and among adolescents. Further, little is known about FVI in relation to the risk of anxiety. Therefore, we examined these associations among adolescents in 25 LMICs...

Background: Indonesia is facing serious air pollution. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine the health risks of air pollution in Indonesia, particularly for adolescents. Objective: To assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient particles with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in a...

Importance Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome of significant public health importance, yet there is limited understanding of the risk of frailty development at a population level. Objective To estimate the global incidence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling adults 60 years or older. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web...

Aims/hypothesis China has undergone rapid socioeconomic transition accompanied by lifestyle changes that are expected to have a profound impact on the health of its population. However, there is limited evidence from large nationwide studies about the relevance of socioeconomic status (SES) to risk of diabetes. We describe the associations of two k...

Objective: To study association between country of birth and incident epilepsy in second-generation immigrants in Sweden. Methods: Study population included all children (n=4,023,149) aged up to 18 years of age in Sweden. Epilepsy was defined as at least one registered diagnosis of epilepsy in the National Patient Register. The incidence of epil...

Objective: To study the association between country of birth and incident urolithiasis in immigrant groups in Sweden, using individuals born in Sweden (or with Swedish-born parents in the second-generation study) as referents. Methods: This nationwide follow-up study included first- and second-generation immigrants residing in Sweden between 1 Janu...

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of a health education intervention on health behaviors, self-efficacy, and well-being among college students. Participants: Between March and October 2016, a total of 532 undergraduates participated. Methods: A theory-based intervention was conducted at Wuhan University, China. Participants were assi...

Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study was to examine trends in the incidence and case fatality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in hospital admissions for angina and coronary revascularisation procedures in people with type 2 diabetes and in people without diabetes in Scotland between 2006 and 2015. Methods In this retrospective cohort stud...

Objective: To study the association between country of birth and incident dementia in several immigrant groups in Sweden. Methods: The study population included all adults (n = 3,286,624) aged 45 years and older in Sweden. Dementia was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of dementia in the National Patient Register. The incidence...

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to study the association between the country of birth and incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in several immigrant groups in Sweden, using individuals born in Sweden or with Swedish-born parents as referents. METHODS: A cohort study of first- and second-generation immigrants residing in Sweden between January 1, 1998...

Objective: An increased risk of being diagnosed with coronary heart disease or atrial fibrillation has been shown among different immigrant groups. However, less is known on the risk of being diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). Design: We studied CHF in immigrants including all adults ≥45 years in Sweden (n = 3,274,119) from 1998 to 2...

Aim: To study association between country of birth and risk of first-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden under 45 y of age. Methods: The study population included all individuals (n = 3 248 457) under the age of 45 y in Sweden, including immigrants (n = 722 249). AF was defined as first registered...

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the association between educational level and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Hong Kong Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and methods We included 12,634 patients with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled into the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation Program between...

Selection of patients for investigation of the association between educational level and incident CVD or all-cause mortality: Hong Kong, 2007–2017. Abbreviation: CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Background: Many effects of statins on non-cardiovascular disease (non-CVD) outcomes have been reported. Purpose: To evaluate the quantity, validity, and credibility of evidence regarding associations between statins and non-CVD outcomes and the effects of statins on these outcomes. Data sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE (English terms only, incepti...

Background A rapid epidemiological transition is taking place in China and the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and diabetes prevalence is not clear and may vary by population characteristics and geography within the country. We describe the associations between educational level, annual household living expenditure (AHLE) and diabete...

Background: Preventing ischaemic stroke attracts significant focus in atrial fibrillation (AF) cases. Less is known on the association between socioeconomic factors and mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AF. Methods: Our study population included adults (n=12 283) ≥45 years diagnosed with AF at 75 primary care centres in Swed...

Objectives: Findings regarding the benefits of fruit and vegetables (FV) on weight control are inconsistent and little is known among Chinese populations. Therefore, we examined the relationship between change in FV consumption, weight, and change in body mass index (BMI) among Chinese adults, participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey...