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Publications (17)
Canada is widely recognized as a desirable destination for new immigrants and all levels of governments are generally supportive of ambitious immigration targets set to help meet labour demand. Canada's immigration system is based primarily on human capital, selecting the world's most highly skilled newcomers. However, immigrants to Canada have oft...
We explore whether immigrants are over(under)represented in poor‐quality employment. We find that, on subjective dimensions, immigrants actually have equal and sometimes superior quality jobs relative to native‐born workers. Immigrant workers perceive higher levels of managerial support and greater ability to complete work during scheduled time. Ho...
Purpose
Perceptions of employment histories are important insofar as they influence future job prospects. Critically, in light of the current pandemic, wherein many individuals are likely to have unanticipated employment gaps and/or temporary work experiences, this exploratory study aims to seek a better understanding of the signal associated with...
Temporary employment (TE) arrangements have become increasingly common in Canada among both high- and low-skilled workers. In this study, we examine the prevalence and earnings effects of TE across education levels with a specific focus on highly educated workers. We also examine the earnings effects of TE across the earnings distribution. We find...
We investigate the immigrant-native-born earnings gap by economic immigration sub-categories. We are interested in whether two-step immigration streams, such as the Canadian Experience Class (CEC), reduce or eliminate the immigrant earnings gap. We find that immigrants arriving under the CEC have higher raw mean earnings than native-born workers. H...
The global COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and arguably intensified many existing inequalities. The present analysis explores the relationship between recent immigrant earnings and the pandemic. Specifically, we attempt to empirically answer the question: Has the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated (mitigated) recent immigrant-non-immigrant employment and...
In this article, we examine whether (and by how much) workers in Canada have been compensated for the ‘novel’ risks associated with COVID‐19. We create a unique dataset from a system that scores occupations in the US O*NET database for COVID‐19 exposure. We then combine those COVID exposure scores with Canadian occupational data contained in the Pu...
The study investigates the extent to which the type of employment, specifically nonstandard work, may contribute to a better understanding of Indigenous earnings disparities. We find that Indigenous workers are overrepresented in nonstandard jobs and that such forms of work are associated with sizable earnings penalties. Although Indigenous earning...
It is well established that recent immigrants earn considerably less than their native‐born counterparts even after adjusting for differences in human capital. Another labour market trend has been the growth in non‐standard forms of employment. Since non‐standard forms of work are generally less desirable than standard jobs on a number of dimension...
The authors examine the association between unionization and non-standard work in terms of coverage and wages. They use data from the master files of Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS) between 1997–98 and 2013–14 to define and measure non-standard work and to provide a continuum of vulnerability across work arrangements. The estimated probability o...
Drawing from investment and statistical discrimination theories, we test a model to examine the income growth trajectories of male and female youth volunteers and non-volunteers. Using growth curve modeling for four waves of longitudinal data for the reference period 2001-2007 (n = 7,447), we find that male and female youth volunteers face an initi...
The fact that Aboriginal peoples in Canada have experienced sizable and persistent earnings disadvantages is well documented. However, the most recent estimates of Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal wage differentials utilize data from the 2006 Census . The present analysis seeks to address this gap by providing more recent estimates of Aboriginal earnings...
Abstract. It is well documented that unionised workers earn significantly
more than their non-union counterparts. However, over the last three
decades, the union wage premium along with overall union coverage has
fallen in most industrialized economies. Though the principal causes are
still under dispute, the effects of technological change, manage...
The present analysis seeks to examine whether the 2008 recession had a differential impact on Aboriginal as compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians as measured by the differences in the probability of unemployment between the two groups. Specifically, the present study tests two hypotheses: 1- Aboriginal people have been disproportionately burdened by...
The 2001 master file of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey is used to analyze the determinants of leaving school before completing high school for Aboriginal persons, separately for different age cohorts and for those living off-reserve and on-reserve. Relationships that are particularly important from a policy perspective include the fact that rates of...
Data from the 2006 master file of the Canadian census is used to estimate the earnings differentials between non-Aboriginal persons and various groups of Aboriginal persons both on-reserve and off-reserve and throughout the earnings distribution. Generalizations that emerge include: an earnings disadvantage prevails across all Aboriginal groups; it...
The demographic dividend, that is, the growth of the working age population aged 16 years relative to younger and older age dependents, has often been cited as a crucial component of the accelerated economic growth experienced by disparate countries and regions at different points in time. Generally less emphasized are the ramifications of this pro...