Daniele Littera

• PhD Mechanical Engineering
• Business Development Manager at AVL LIST GMBH

div class="section abstract"> The further increase in the efficiency of heavy-duty engines is essential in order to reduce CO₂ emissions in the transport sector. This is also valid for the future use of alternative fuels, which can be CO₂-neutral, but can cause higher total costs of ownership due to higher prices and limited a...

Stringent emission regulations have forced drastic technological improvements in diesel aftertreatment systems, particularly in reducing Particulate Matter (PM) emissions. The formation and evolution of PM from modern engines are more sensitive to overall changes in the dilution process, such as rapidity of mixing, background PM present in the air....

This paper describes predictive models and validation experiments used to quantify the in-chamber heat transfer of LiquidPiston’s rotary 70cc SI “XMv3” engine. The XMv3 engine is air cooled, with separate cooling flow paths for the stationary parts and the rotor. The heat transfer rate to the stationary parts was measured by thermal energy balance...

The demand for lighter, smaller, more efficient, and more powerful engines calls for a rethinking of the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE). This paper describes development progress of LiquidPiston's small rotary engine, the XMv3, which operates on a Spark-Ignited (SI) variant of its patented High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC). This the...

div class="section abstract"> The demand for lighter, smaller, more efficient, and more powerful engines calls for a rethinking of the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE). This paper describes development progress of LiquidPiston's small rotary engine, the XMv3, which operates on a Spark-Ignited (SI) variant of its patented High Efficiency...

This paper builds on prior work presented by Shkolnik et al [1], and describes progress in development of " XMv3 " – an innovative, 4-stroke, small, rotary internal combustion engine designed to operate on the Spark Ignition (SI) version of the patented High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (SI-HEHC). The HEHC was originally developed for application to lar...

This paper describes the development of small rotary internal combustion engines developed to operate on the High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC). The cycle, which combines high compression ratio (CR), constant-volume (isochoric) combustion, and overexpansion, has a theoretical efficiency of 75% using air-standard assumptions and first-law analysis....

The need for a cleaner and less expensive alternative energy source to conventional petroleum fuels for powering the transportation sector has gained increasing attention during the past decade. Special attention has been directed towards natural gas (NG) which has proven to be a viable option due to its clean-burning properties, reduced cost and a...

Stringent emission regulations have forced drastic technological improvements in diesel after treatment systems, particularly in reducing Particulate Matter (PM) emissions. Those improvements generally regard the use of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and lately also the use of Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) sys...

Over the past few decades there has been considerable progress made in understanding the processes leading to formation and evolution of particulate matter (PM) emissions from heavy duty diesel engines (HDDE). This progress has been primarily made under controlled laboratory conditions with the use of constant volume sampling (CVS) systems and to a...

In the past decade automotive industries have focused on the development of new technologies to improve the overall engine efficiency and lower emissions in order to satisfy the always more stringent emission standards introduced all around the world. Technical progress has primarily focused on two aspects; the optimization of the air-fuel mixture...

Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are recognized as the most efficient technology for particulate matter (PM) reduction, with filtration efficiencies in excess of 90%. Design guidelines for DPFs typically are: high removal efficiency, low pressure drop, high durability and capacity to resist high temperature excursions during regeneration events. T...

In order to comply with stringent 2010 US-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on-road, Heavy-Duty Diesel (HDD) emissions regulations, the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system has been judged by a multitude of engine manufacturers as the primary technology for mitigating emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). As virtually stan...

Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) are well assessed exhaust aftertreatment devices currently equipping almost every modern diesel engine to comply with the most stringent emission standards. However, an accurate estimation of soot content (loading) is critical to managing the regeneration of DPFs in order to attain optimal behavior of the whole eng...

Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are recognized as the most efficient technology for particulate matter (PM) reduction, with filtration efficiencies in excess of 90%. Design guidelines for DPFs typically are: high removal efficiency, low pressure drop, high durability and capacity to resist high temperature excursions during regeneration events. T...

Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are well assessed aftertreatment devices, equipping almost every modern diesel engine on the market to comply with today’s stringent emission standards. However, an accurate estimation of soot loading, which is instrumental to ensuring optimal performance of the whole engine-after-treatment assembly, is still a maj...

This paper discusses the design and qualification of a High Temperature Sampling System (HTSS), capable of stripping the volatile fraction from a sample flow stream in order to provide for quantification of total, solid and volatile particulate matter (PM) on a near real-time basis. The sampling system, which incorporates a heated diesel oxidation...

Despite their overwhelming popularity and widespread use, diesel engines have to strive to meet the continually tightening emission regulations. One of the most effective methods to control diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions from heavy duty diesel engines is to use wall flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs). It is still a major challenge to...