Daniel Stockemer

University of Ottawa · School of Political Studies

Research on conspiracy theories has long turned a blind eye on the role of age in explaining conspiracy beliefs. Few studies include age and those that do have yet to consider how and why age matters when it comes to the spread of conspiracy theories. In this article, we investigate the relationship between age and conspiracy beliefs with two compl...

In this article, we compare the voter profile of Trump, Erdogan and Bolsonaro voters to decipher if the voter profile for any of the three leaders matches their type of right-wing populism. Through original survey research in the US, Brazil and Turkey conducted in October 2021 with 1000 participants in each country, we find support for this proposi...

The adoption of remote internet voting can be a rather complex reform. In theory and praxis, geographical units can either decide to adopt or not to adopt i‐voting. Those that adopt it can differ in the mode of i‐voting adoption (i.e., internet‐only voting, or also in‐person voting), and the timing of adoption (i.e., some geographical units might a...

Since the 1990s, there has been consensus in the literature of a submission and publication gap that favors men. Important research in the intervening years has explored the many reasons for this output gap: imbalanced administrative workloads; bias in top journals against female-dominated subfields and methodological approaches; and lower confiden...

Key points This article highlights two types of publishing fraud: fake acceptance letter and financial fraud. Prepared by a third party, fake acceptance letters affirm that a paper, which we had never received before, has been accepted by IPSR. In the financial fraud case, a third party pretends to be an editor of IPSR, sends out authentic looking...

This article introduces the Comparative Conspiracy Research Survey (CCRS) dataset, an individual-level cross-sectional dataset on conspiracy beliefs in eight countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Lebanon, Morocco, South Africa, and the USA. The dataset contains general conspiracy belief scales, as well as country specific data on dominant...

Welcome to the Comparative Conspiracy Research Survey (CCRS) dataset. This dataset presents individual-level cross-sectional data on conspiracy beliefs in eight countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Lebanon, Morocco, South Africa, and the United States. The dataset includes a wide range of variables including psychological attitudinal scal...

This chapter covers the nuts and bolts of empirical political science. It gives an introduction into empirical research in the social sciences and statistics, explains the notions of concepts, theories and hypotheses, as well as introduces learners to the different steps in the quantitative research process.

In this chapter, we discuss three types of bivariate statistics: first, the independent samples t-test measures if two groups of a continuous variable are different from one another. Second, the F-test (or analysis of variance) measures if several groups significantly differ for a given continuous variable. Third, a chi square test gauges whether t...

This final chapter introduces multivariate regression modelling. We cover the logic behind multiple regression modelling and explain the interpretation of a multivariate regression model. We further discuss the assumptions this type of model is based upon. Finally, und using our data, we provide concrete examples on how to interpret a multiple regr...

This chapter starts off by familiarizing students with the two terms population and sample; it further distinguishes between random, representative and biased samples. Second, it discusses several sampling techniques such as quota sampling and snowball sampling. Third, it introduces different types of surveys (e.g., face-to-face surveys, telephone...

The third chapter offers a brief introduction into survey research. In the first part of the chapter, students learn about the importance of survey research in the social and behavioral sciences, substantive research areas where survey research is frequently used and important cross-national surveys such as the World Value Survey and the European S...

In this chapter, we discuss bivariate relationships between two continuous variables. In research, these are the relationships that occur the most often. We can express bivariate relationships between continuous variables in three ways: (1) through a graphical representation in the form of a scatterplot, (2) through a correlation analysis, and (3)...

This chapter instructs students on how to conduct a survey. Topics covered include question design, question wording, the use of open- and closed-ended questions, measurement, pre-testing, and refining a survey. As part of this chapter, students also construct their own survey.

This first practical chapter is split into two parts. In the first part, we succinctly present the R programming language and the integrated development environment RStudio®. R is probably the most rapidly growing data science program in the social sciences. We explore the RStudio interface, show how to import datasets into R, and discuss basic R s...

2012, , 200 In this chapter, we define and operationalize anti-immigrant attitudes and build an explanatory framework to understand citizens' rejections of immigrants. Our framework consists of three main explanatory concepts (i.e., grievances, entrenched values, and contact/ interactions between natives and minorities/ foreigners). Both theoretica...

In this chapter, we summarize the results of our study and pinpoint the contribution. In a nutshell we find: (1) grievances matter in the 8 countries we study, but the type of grievance, which matters (the most) is context specific. (2) With the exception of social conservativism, entrenched values have less of an influence than we have anticipated...

This chapter presents the results of our quantitative analyses. We first display some univariate statistics of various operationalizations of our dependent variable anti-immigrant attitudes. Second, we illustrate how our main explanatory concepts (i.e. grievances, entrenched values, as well as contact between natives and minorities/ immigrants) con...

In this chapter, we discuss the history of immigration and of the immigration regime in each of the 8 cases we study (i.e. Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Japan, South Africa, Turkey and the United States). We also discuss the current scholarship of anti-immigrant attitudes in each country to provide important background information that inform...

In order to test the influence of grievances, entrenched values and contact, we developed our own questionnaire geared particularly towards measuring our main concepts holistically. In this chapter, we present this questionnaire, the data generated from our survey and explain the statistical procedures we adopted for this research.

Conspiracy theories have become an increasingly important part of the political realm especially in the United States. More than 30 % of citizens either strongly or somewhat believe in QAnon, the Birther or the Truther conspiracy to name a few of these theories. In this article, I provide an overview of conspiracy theory beliefs and evaluate the fa...

With its emphasis on anti-immigration rhetoric and actions, protectionism, as well as populism, Donald Trump has transformed the Republican Party into a party that closely resembles populist radical right-wing parties in Europe. In this article, we first illustrate how the Republican Party has transformed into a radical right-wing party. Second, we...

Vote buying remains one of the main flaws of elections in many parts of the world. As most other forms of corruption, it is sticky and unlikely to vanish in the short and medium run. In this article, we look at the demand side of vote buying using the case of the Edo State governorship elections in Nigeria. Through original survey research using th...

People in political decision-making across the globe tend to be much older than the average voter. As such, parliaments and cabinets are unrepresentative of the larger population. This has consequences: it risks favouring policies geared towards the interests of older cohorts, it might alienate youth from voting and could push parties to appeal (ev...

In 2020/2021, the EU and its member states had to tackle the largest shock of the twenty-first century yet, the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis. In this article, we analyse public opinion on redistributive EU measures based on an original survey in Austria, Germany and Italy and ask whether EU citizens...

As an example of a typical right-wing populist, Jair Bolsonaro downplayed Covid-19 and rejected scientific evidence to address the pandemic. We argue that both his communication style and approach to crisis management had consequences for the behavioural patterns of his followers, which, in turn, had public health implications. Building on survey r...

The U.S. House of Representatives has one of the oldest pools of politicians in the world today: the average member of the House is 58 years at the time of their election, which is about 20 years older than the average American. But why are younger adults scarce among these representatives? Here we trace the relative absence of youth in both the pr...

This article theorises and tests the association between the ego-tropic and socio-tropic dimensions of three sets of grievances, i.e. economic, value-based and security-related, and anti-immigrant attitudes using data from an original survey fielded in Canada, Germany and the US. Our analysis confirms the presence of multiple paths towards anti-imm...

In this article, Stockemer and Normandin test whether recent developments in the populist radical right’s messaging, such as the strategic introduction of gender equality in these parties’ political discourse and their evolution towards economic chauvinism, has changed women’s and men’s propensity to vote for the populist radical right. Using data...

The absence of young adults in elected legislative assemblies is a democratic deficit with potentially severe repercussions. Yet, research is rarely able to address the issue of age group representation systematically because we are lacking empirical information on the age distribution in parliaments. The Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments...

Public opinion surveys are a fundamental tool to measure support for women’s political rights. This article focuses on perceptions of women’s suitability for leadership. To what extent do influential cross-country surveys that include such items suffer from measurement errors stemming from gender of interviewer effects? Building on the literature o...

In Nigeria, politicians and parties have developed a sophisticated vote-buying scheme, which we label, according to the state, where it happens, the Ekiti model of vote buying. Through a qualitative study of the gubernatorial elections 2018 in Ekiti, we describe how the Ekiti model of vote buying works. At the top of this scheme are parties, which...

Publishing in peer‐reviewed journals has become an essential requirement for PhD students wishing to pursue a career in academia. Yet, there are few studies of student publishing and little discussion of norms around attribution of authorship for student research collaborators. (1) How often do students feature as submitters and authors in politica...

This article contributes to the debate on the effect of social media usage on political attitudes. Our research question is: Does the use of social media affect citizens’ political trust? We test this research question using Egypt’s Arab Barometer Wave V country data (2018–2019). We expect social media usage to increase political distrust among cit...

This symposium adds to the growing literature on gender differences in authorship and reviews written by male and female scholars in major European political science journals. The contributions capturing European Union Politics (EUP), the Journal of Common Market Studies (JCMS), West European Politics (WEP) and Southern European Society and Politic...

Officeholders in contemporary parliaments and cabinets are more likely than not to be male, wealthy, middle-aged or older, and from the dominant ethnicity, whereas young adults have an insufficient presence in political office. Young adults—those aged 35 years or under—comprise a mere ten percent of all parliamentarians globally, and three percent...

This final chapter has two goals: first, it summarizes the main findings from the book; that is, Muslims’ sense of identity and belonging toward their country of residence is for the majority of Muslims positive despite a sometimes unfriendly environment. Second, this chapter points to the need of better theorizing the concepts of identity and sens...

There is much controversy and stereotyping in reference to the Muslim community in many Western countries. Such scapegoating of the Muslim community can lead them to being victims of negative biases, prejudice, and perceptions, which, in turn, might produce a fearful environment, not only for Muslims, but also for those surrounding them. In this co...

In this chapter, we offer a comprehensive overview of Muslims’ sense of identity and belonging in Canada. Analyzing a 2016 Environics’ survey, we illustrate that Muslims in Canada show very high levels of identification with the Canadian host culture. Nearly everyone identifies with Canada and aspires to become Canadian. Muslims in Canada also show...

The Internet’s effect on political communication is omnipresent. However, very few jurisdictions around the globe allow their citizens to cast their ballot online. What are the electoral consequences of this reform? Research, so far, has mainly looked at security considerations and effects on turnout. In this research note, we broaden the scope of...

In this research note, we focus on young adults, a group with distinct claims for political representation but a low representation in political office. Focusing on the cabinet, we analyze the marginalization of young politicians in France, Germany, and the UK using time series data. We find that adults aged 35 and below at the time of nomination h...

Is there a gender gap in voting? Most cross-national survey research on gender inequalities in voter turnout finds that men have a higher probability to vote than women. Yet, some studies using validated turnout data shed some doubt on this finding. We revisit the question of a gender gap in voting using official records. In more detail, we compare...

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly everybody around the world. The risk of getting infected as well as the risks posed by the economic consequences of the containment measures do not stop at borders or class differences. How do citizens react to such a transboundary crisis? Do such crises have an equalising effect across different social str...

Objective The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis has led to shutdowns of the cultural, associational, and economic life in many parts of the world and had a severe impact on gender relations in many societies. This study engages with gender differences in public support of severe infringements of personal and economic freedoms. Metho...

As the number of scandals involving politicians in office rises worldwide, the number of studies dedicated to analysing these scandals and their consequences rises as well. In this article, we try to summarise this emerging literature focusing on quantitative studies that use scandal as an independent variable to model its influence on politicians’...

The literature on looks and politics suggests that, at least in personalistic electoral systems, physical attractiveness helps candidates that are more attractive. We test this assumption using the unlikely case of Quebec, where provincial elections are highly salient, characterized by a strong cleavage, a sophisticated electorate and strong party-...

Why do some political parties have a higher share of elected women? Analysing all parties in the European Parliament (EP) from 1979–2019, we test the effect of five party characteristics (their ideology, age, size, female leadership, and intra-party gender quotas) on their share of female Members (MEPs). We find a higher share of female MEPs in gre...

In recent years, much has been written about the growth of anti‐immigrant sentiment in Western countries. Propagated by the fastest growing party family, far right‐wing parties, there is growing support in Western populations in favour of scapegoating Muslim immigrants for economic, cultural and security problems. However, less has been written on...

This article adds to the large literature on right-wing populist parties ( RWPP ), explaining how anti-immigrant sentiments become salient for vote choice. Within the large literature on RWPP , anti-immigration attitudes are the most important variable to explain the vote share of RWPP . Yet, recent research shows that there is not always an empiri...

Anniversaries are milestone events. They invite those involved to celebrate their achievements, but also reflect about the past, present and future. The 20th anniversary of European Political Science (EPS) is such a landmark. It marks a success story; the development from a news style magazine to a major political science journal. Over the past 20...

Previous research suggests that the rise of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) is contributing to the politicization of European domestic and external policies. However, whether this is also the case for European development policy is unclear. Building on a new dataset that analyses government positions and coalition agreements across European...

In this article, we first formulate some theoretical expectations about the development of the gender gap in voting in post-conflict situations. Second, we test these expectations on five cases, including two civil wars, the Ivorian Civil War (2011) and the Malian Civil War (2013–2015), and three major international Israeli conflicts, the Yom Kippu...

This article conceptualizes the relative absence of youth in legislatures, a feature we perceive as a democratic deficit with detrimental consequences. It introduces a new operationalization: the Youth Representation Index. Rather than calculating youths’ representation by the percentage of Members of Parliament 35 or 40 years old and younger or le...

Publication in academic journals is a critical part of the academic career. However, writing academic papers and getting them published is not a straightforward task. This article seeks to provide editors’ insights into the process of publishing by outlining common factors that lead to papers being rejected as well as charting strategies that ensur...

This article discusses the trends and micro-dynamics of violence in northern Mali. Using a mixed research design, we focus on the violence used by jihadist groups during the first phases of the Malian civil war (2012–2015). Integrating research on civil war and terrorism, we distinguish between direct and remote violence. Quantitative analyses show...

Modernization theory is one of the most influential theories in political science. However, to date, studies testing the impact of modernization on political regimes have almost completely focused on democracies. We aim at broadening the discussion to autocracies and ask the following research question: What impact has economic development on the s...

This article focuses on the prevalence of anti-immigration attitudes among the far-right electorate. Drawing on the distinction between the predictive power of immigration concerns, and the question of how widespread these concerns are among the far-right voter pool, we proceed in two steps. First, we assess the extent to which anti-immigration att...

This article focuses on a specific group of legislators facing large hurdles during recruitment processes, namely young women. Building on the institutional literature, we hypothesize that gender quota regulations, youth quotas, and proportional representation (PR) electoral systems should particularly benefit young women. Our quantitative study, c...

Since the 1980s, anti‐Islamic sentiment has grown in both the United States and Western Europe. However, the political and electoral success of anti‐Islamic actors has been asymmetrical between these regions. In most countries in Western Europe, anti‐Islamic sentiment is still contained to the fringes. Conversely, it has become highly influential i...

Gender inequality as a phenomenon is also present in academic writing and publishing. In this article, we review the gender imbalance in the percentage of authors and reviewers in EPS from 2015 to 2019. At the submissions stage, male authors submit approximately twice as many manuscripts compared to female authors. At the publication stage, there i...

Research on political representation has shown that corruption is not gender-neutral: it benefits the recruitment of men to political office more than it does women. Yet, it is unclear if all men or a specific type of men, elderly men, benefits the most from corrupt networks in terms of political presence. The ‘old boys’ network thesis’ would singl...

Health affects nearly all facets of our lives, including the likelihood of getting involved in politics. Focusing on political efficacy, we zoom in on one potential mechanism as to why people in poor health might, for example, stay at home on Election Day. We first look at the ways in which health is related to both people’s perceptions of their ab...

Between 2015 and 2017, the European Union (EU) was confronted with a major crisis in its history, the so-called “European refugee crisis.” Since the multifaceted crisis has provoked many different responses, it is also likely to have influenced individuals’ assessments of immigrants and European integration. Using data from three waves of the Europ...

Throughout the European Parliament’s nearly forty years of existence, electoral turnout in European parliamentary elections has consistently been lower than electoral turnout in the national elections of the member states. This is particularly the case for the majority of states in Eastern Europe where turnout in European Elections has resulted in...

One of the most important challenges facing Political Science Faculty is the way in which the curriculum engages with, and responds to, the populist tide that has spread across a significant number of countries in recent decades. Over recent years there has been an increased level of research activity that has sought to explain the factors for the...

In general, politicians involved in scandals of various natures are punished by voters. Good-looking politicians, on the contrary, are rewarded by voters. Almost fifty years of empirical research has shown that ill-informed voters will use the physical attractiveness of candidates, as well as readily-available information on scandal allegations inv...

Populism as a theme is omnipresent in the academic literature. Debates in the field include the definition of populism, the populist voter, and the link between populism and democracy. Yet, few studies tackle the question of how populist parties present themselves. Focusing on the typical populist radical right-wing party, the Front National (FN),...

This article focuses on two commonly used indicators of turnout, VAP turnout (the number of votes cast as a percentage of the voting-age population) and RV turnout (votes cast as a percentage of the number of registered voters), and discusses possible biases induced by migration flows. Using a global dataset on elections in more than 100 democracie...

Recent research in political behaviour suggests that poor health can be an impediment for individuals to vote. At the same time, researchers argue that health may both hinder and reinforce other forms of political participation. With respect to these ambiguous expectations, our study asks: does the relationship between health and political involvem...

In this article, we focus on generational differences in women's representation and hypothesize that younger generations of women should be more highly represented than older generations, both in general and within the same parliament. We tested this hypothesis with data on all members who have ever served in the European Parliament since 1979. Of...

Through a panel analysis conducted in Bavaria, which covers two adjacent elections – the federal elections and the European elections in 2013 and 2014 – we examine the attitudinal factors that drive citizens’ propensity to turn out. We find that abstainers have generally low levels of knowledge, interest and sense of civic duty. National-level vote...

To what extent has English become the dominant language of scientific communication? What factors push non-native speakers to publish their research in English rather than their native language? Using a survey of more than 800 authors of scientific papers in Springer Nature journals we find that the average non-anglophone researcher makes approxima...

Poland, the Philippines, France, Argentina, the United States, and Turkey span a diverse transcontinental sweep of the political phenomenon of populism. Each country carries with it the flame of populism in the form of movements, parties, and, all importantly, personalities which personify populism. In each case, the populists personify the Roussea...

In this chapter, we discuss bivariate relationships between two continuous variables. In research, these are the relationships that occur the most often. We can express bivariate relationships between continuous variables in three ways: (1) through a graphical representation in the form of a scatterplot, (2) through a correlation analysis, and (3)...

When the questionnaire is in its final form, the researcher needs to determine what the sample and what the population of her study is. This chapter first explains both terms and further distinguishes between random, representative, and biased samples. Second, it discusses several sampling techniques such as quota sampling and snowball sampling. Th...

This chapter offers a brief introduction into survey research. In the first part of the chapter, students learn about the importance of survey research in the social and behavioral sciences, substantive research areas where survey research is frequently used, and important cross-national survey such as the World Values Survey and the European Socia...

This chapter instructs students on how to conduct a survey. Topics covered include question design, question wording, the use of open- and closed-ended questions, measurement, pre-testing, and refining a survey. As part of this chapter, students construct their own survey.

This chapter covers the nuts and bolts of empirical political science. It gives an introduction into empirical research in the social sciences and statistics; explains the notion of concepts, theories, and hypotheses; as well as introduces students to the different steps in the quantitative research process.KeywordsEmpirical Political Sciencetheory...

In this part, we will discuss three types of bivariate statistics: first, an independent samples t-test measures if two groups of a continuous variable are different from one another; second, an f-test or ANOVA measures if several groups of one continuous variable are different from one another; third, a chi-square test gauges whether there are dif...

This first practical chapter is split into two parts. In the first part, I succinctly present the two statistical software packages, SPSS and Stata, which are probably the most used statistical programs in the social sciences. I also explain how to input data into SPSS and Stata datasets. Second, I cover the two univariate statistical categories, f...

This final chapter provides an introduction into multivariate regression modeling. We will cover the logic behind multiple regression modeling and explain the interpretation of a multivariate regression model. We will further cover the assumptions this type of model is based upon. Finally, and using our data, we will provide concrete examples on ho...

This book provides a global overview of populist actors and strategies around the globe from a comparative perspective. By presenting six country studies on the United States, France, Poland, Turkey, the Philippines and Argentina, the contributors analyze how parties from both the radical left and right use a populist discourse combining people-cen...

This textbook offers an essential introduction to survey research and quantitative methods. Building on the premise that statistical methods need to be learned in a practical fashion, the book guides students through the various steps of the survey research process and helps to apply those steps toward a real example. In detail, the textbook intr...

This research note highlights that gender equality is a necessary condition for eradicating petty forms of electoral corruption. Drawing on primary observations of an Albanian electoral district in the second round of the municipal elections in Macedonia in 2017, I illustrate that a sophisticated and well-conceived electoral code, as well as compet...

Objective In this article, we address two major gaps in the understanding of the relationship between candidate attractiveness and electoral success. With the assistance of the Victoria Police Criminal Identification Unit in Melbourne, Australia, we show how good‐looking candidates look like by building the faces of six “ideal candidates” in terms...