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Publications (660)
The production of methane by the rumen microbiota is a complex biological process. When tackling the modelling of methane production, the modeller decides what complexity is needed to answer the scientific question for which the model is intended. Such a choice results in a diversity of possible models spanning both empirical and mechanistic approa...
We propose a non-invasive proxy based on milk natural abundance of stable isotopes to assess body mobilization in dairy cow, and test whether this proxy can reflect between-animal variation in feed efficiency.
Nutritional strategies, including feed management measures, are promising methods for CH4 and overall GHG reduction. Evidence from literature is reviewed in this article in relation to the effects of forage quality (digestible organic matter, DOM) and forage type (grasses vs. legumes, and maize). The major determinants of forage quality are botanic...
Ingestive behaviour determines the nutrient intake and thus feed efficiency and robustness of ruminants through their ability to adapt to diverse available resources. Grazing behavior of ruminant has been intensively researched, but it is still difficult to get a clear picture of the various relationships linking bite mass to daily intake. To addre...
Net energy and protein systems (hereafter called feed evaluation systems) offer the possibility to formulate rations by matching feed values (e.g., net energy and metabolizable protein) with animal requirements. The accuracy and precision of this approach relies heavily on the quantification of various animal digestive and metabolic responses to di...
In animal sciences, the number of published meta-analyses is increasing at a rate of 15% per year. This current review focuses on the good practices and the potential pitfalls in the conduct of meta-analyses in animal sciences, nutrition in particular. Once the study objectives have been defined, several key phases must be considered when doing a m...
Cette synthèse fait le point sur la modélisation des aspects nutritionnels associés aux questions d'efficience et de robustesse chez les ruminants. Elle se focalise notamment sur la place des systèmes d'unités d'alimentation dans ces débats. Le comportement alimentaire et l'ingestion représentent des premiers critères importants à considérer compte...
The aim of this Research Reflection is to describe the basic rumen function of goats and its modification in response to environmental factors, as well as to discuss similarities and differences when compared to other ruminants. In so doing we shall reveal the adaptive capacity of goats to harsh environments. The basic rumen function in goats is si...
For their glucose supply, ruminants are highly dependent on the endogenous synthesis in the liver, but despite the numerous studies that evaluated hepatic glucose production, very few simultaneously measured hepatic glucose production and uptake of all precursors. As a result, the variability of precursor conversion into glucose in the liver is not...
In ruminants, feeding behaviour variables are parameters involved in feed efficiency that show variation among individuals. This study aimed to evaluate during the first two production cycles in ruminants the repeatability of feed intake pattern, which is an important aspect of feeding behaviour. Thirty-five dairy goats from Alpine or Saanen breeds...
This meta-analysis shed light on the quantitative adaptive responses of feeding behaviour of Cattle (C) and Small Ruminants (SR), facing variations of sward characteristics, notably of sward height (SH, 18. 7 ± 13.9 cm) and herbage bulk density (HBD, 1.73 ± 1.30 kg DM / m ³ ). All responses expressed a plateau stressing an adaptive limit with extre...
The efficiency and robustness of farm animals has been of growing interest in recent decades, particularly for ruminants which are subject to many constraints. In recent times, systemic modeling approaches have been developed with promising applications in all areas of livestock production.Therefore, the main challenge is to apply modeling methods...
Bite mass (BM) is the main parameter determining intake, production level and efficiency for grazing ruminants. Various data have been published concerning BM and its components bite diameter, bite area, bite depth and bite volume (BDiam, BA, BD and BV). However, it was not yet possible to have a clear quantitative view of the relationships between...
Livestock is the main source of methane (CH4) emissions. It is important to accurately determine emissions from ruminants that meet standardized international guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. A new method to improve the accuracy of CH4 emissions that complies with IPCC rules for a Tier 3 method is described and evaluated. This me...
Depuis des décennies, les filières agroalimentaires génèrent des coproduits de première ou de deuxième transformation qui représentent en France un gisement important (12 millions de tonnes de matière sèche), dont plus de la moitié est issue des filières de la trituration (29 %), de la sucrerie (14 %) et de l'amidonnerie-féculerie (13 %). Les trois...
L’alimentation des ruminants doit aujourd’hui être raisonnée pour maîtriser la santé des animaux, les impacts sur l’environnement et la qualité des produits animaux. Les systèmes d’alimentation ont commencé à évoluer pour intégrer ces nouvelles réponses. Nous présentons dans cet article les considérations nécessaires pour développer une évaluation...
Review: Converting nutritional knowledge into feeding practices: a case study comparing different protein feeding systems for dairy cows – CORRIGENDUM - H. Lapierre, M. Larsen, D. Sauvant, M. E. Van Amburgh, G. Van Duinkerken
Improving milk nitrogen efficiency through a reduction of CP supply without detrimental effect on productivity requires usage of feeding systems estimating both the flows of digestible protein, the exported true proteins and from these predict milk protein yield (MPY). Five feeding systems were compared in their ability to predict MPY v . observed...
The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The diet...
Enteric methane emissions
Bien-être digestif et acidose ruminale
Caprins en lactation et en croissance
Spécificités de l'alimentation des ruminants en régions chaudes
Partie 1 - Alimentation animale, formulation des régimes et réglementation (Chapitre 1)
Partie 2 : Les besoins des animaux et leur réponses aux rations
Partie 2 : Les besoins des animaux et leurs réponses aux rations
Partie1 : Les apports alimentaires et en nutriments
Partie 4 : Les valeurs de référence des aliments : tables et prévision
Partie 2 : Les besoins des animaux et leurs réponses aux rations
Partie 4 : Les valeurs de référence des aliments : tables et prévision
Ouvrage collectif (34 auteurs). Edition scientifique : P. Nozière et D. Sauvant à contribution égale et L. Delaby
Partie 2 : Les besoins des animaux et leurs réponses aux rations
Partie 2 : Les besoins des animaux et leurs réponses aux rations
Partie 1 - Alimentation animale, formulation des régimes et réglementation (Chapitre 2)
Partie 4 : Les valeurs de référence des aliments : tables et prévision
Partie 4 : Les valeurs de référence des aliments : tables et prévision
Partie 2 : Les besoins des animaux et leurs réponses aux rations
Partie 1 : Les apports alimentaires et en nutriments
Compared to temperate areas, warm regions are characterised by constantly high temperatures, sometimes associated with high humidity, which induces specificities in the characteristics of both feed and animals. Moreover, other sources of stress, some pathologies in particular, may require adjustments in diet recommendations to increase resilience i...
What is a good (useful) mathematical model in animal science? For models constructed for prediction purposes, the question of model adequacy (usefulness) has been traditionally tackled by statistical analysis applied to observed experimental data relative to model-predicted variables. However, little attention has been paid to analytic tools that e...
The control of nutrient partitioning is complex and affected by many factors, among them physiological state and production potential. Therefore, the current model aims to provide for dairy cows a dynamic framework to predict a consistent set of reference performance patterns (milk component yields, body composition change, dry-matter intake) sensi...
On pig farms, a high proportion of the cost of production comes from feed costs. However, the use of alternative ingredients such as legume seeds may help to reduce this cost. In fact, legume seeds are an important source of essential amino acids (EAA) and can therefore be an alternative to oilseed meals. However, the accurate use of these legume s...
Milk responses to dietary change are influenced by the relative production level, that is, the distance between observed production and potential production. The closer the animal is to its potential, the smaller the expected response is to extra nutrients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to provide a method to quantify cow potential, to estima...
A meta-analysis on end-product quality of 442 composts was performed to assess the effects of climate and raw materials on compost quality. The analysis was performed using an ANOVA including a mixed model with nested factors (climate, raw material and publication effect). Tropical composts presented lower carbon, nitrogen, potassium and soluble-ca...
The INRA feed unit system for ruminants, widely adopted in France and several countries, has been regularly updated. But some limits appeared regarding emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prediction of feed efficiency, product quality, effect of feeding on animal health and emissions to the environment. It also did not properly cover the use...
The metabolisable protein (PDI) supplies were revised in the new INRA feeding system (2013). Consequently, the digestible amino acid (AA) supply in the intestine (AADI, in % of PDI) for cattle was to revise since it was developed in 1998. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the AADI using a close approach to the past method. The new database...
Existing mechanistic models of the rumen ecosystem have proven to be useful to better understand and represent rumen fermentation. Opportunities for improving rumen fermentation models include a better representation of the microbiota, hydrogen dynamics and a mechanistic description of pH. The objective of this work was to include such aspects in t...
Using a meta-analysis of literature data, this study aimed to quantify the dry matter (DM) intake response to changes in diet composition, and milk responses (yield, milk component yields and milk composition) to changes in dietary net energy for lactation (NEL) and metabolizable protein (MP) in dairy cows. From all studies included in the database...
Rumen microbial fermentation provides essential compounds to the host animal. For example, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) supply up to 70 % of the energy required by the animal. The fermentation is driven by the nature of the diet, the action of the rumen microbiota, and the host. This latter exerts control over fermentation by secretion of saliva,...
Oilseed meal is an important source of essential amino acids (EAA) for livestock production. It is the second most important ingredient in pig feed after grains. Optimal use of these ingredients requires precise knowledge of amino acid standardized ileal digestibility (SID), which may vary depending on several factors including botanical variety or...
A sustainable production requires breeding animals that are able to adapt to a large variety of environmental constraints and perturbations to maintain their performance.
Metabolic flexibility is a key element for a better understanding of individual adaptation to environmental challenges. Elements participating in metabolism are organized in a co...
This study investigated the effects of pea (Pisum sativum L.) particle size incorporated at a level of 227 g/kg in two diets differing in their nitrogen content using a 2 × 2 experimental design. Pea flour was either ground with a hammer mill (pea fine flour with a median diameter of 344.6 nm) or with a crushing roller (coarse fine flour with a med...
Distiller’s dried grains with soluble (DDGS) are one of the most
important sub-products used in swine feeding. However, the use
of these ingredients requires a precise knowledge of their
nutritional values, in particular their content of digestible
standardized essential amino acids (dEAA), which can vary
according to grains and manufacturing condi...
Abstract. A meta-analysis was performed to assess whether digestibility and rumen
fermentation parameters, i.e. nitrogen balance, volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial
efficiency (ME), rumen pH and NNH3, are affected by the source and the level of daily
nitrogen intake of cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats. A dataset was pooled from
previously publis...
Amino acid (AA) composition and digestibility are major determinants of nutritional value.These factors vary considerably in animal feed ingredients. For pig feed ingredients, stan-dardized ileal digestibility (SID) is commonly used as an estimate of nutritional AA value.In this study, relationships between ingredient proximate composition and AA c...
Prédiction par méta-analyse de la teneur en acides aminés digestibles standardisés des céréales (blé, orge, maïs et sorgho) chez le porc
The aim of this work was to establish the response of growing sheep, goats and cattle to different nutritional environments. Data from 590 publications representing 2225 treatments were analysed. The results showed that each 10% increase in NDF was accompanied by 0.11 g/kg live weight (LW) and 0.32 g/kg metabolic live weight (LW0.75) decreases in D...
Pastures are the main environmentally satisfactory way to increase beef production, especially in tropical areas. To assess the potential of tropical pastures, a meta-analysis of published data with reliable estimates of body weight gain, feed intake and digestibility was performed. In intra-experiment analysis, the available biomass per hectare is...
Background
In vitro techniques are used to predict ruminant feedstuff values or characterize rumen fermentation. As the results are influenced by several factors, such as the relative effects of inocula and substrates, this study aimed to examine in vitro incubation of two total mixed rations (substrates) differing in their proportion of concentrat...
L’acidose du rumen est un trouble fréquent chez le ruminant à niveau élevé de performance et recevant, de ce fait, une ration riche en énergie. Elle est de plus en plus étudiée et de nombreux résultats sont maintenant disponibles. Ceux-ci sont utilisés pour établir des lois de réponse du pH du rumen à différents facteurs, alimentaires ou non, ce qu...
As part of the revision of ruminant feed unit systems (INRA "Systali" project) the protein requirements as well as responses to changes in protein supply were updated. The maintenance requirements take into consideration the various mandatory nitrogen losses which lead to non-productive protein requirements: metabolic fecal protein loss, urinary en...