
Daniel T OlasonUniversity of Iceland | HI · Faculty of Psychology
Daniel T Olason
D.Phil
About
55
Publications
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Additional affiliations
January 2002 - present
October 1997 - October 2000
Publications
Publications (55)
Rationale and Aims: In research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the personal experience of individuals receiving this diagnosis is rarely the subject of research. Rather, the focus is restricted to the clinical symptoms and biological changes. Symptoms of AD are mainly reported by caregivers and rarely by the patients themselves, as they are deemed un...
A common public health initiative in many jurisdictions is provision of advice to people to limit gambling to reduce the risk of gambling-related harm. The purpose of this study is to use consistent methodology with existing population-based prevalence surveys of gambling and related harms from different countries to identify quantitative limits fo...
Bivariate associations of problem gambling with participation in particular game types often decrease when adjusting for demographics or consumption behavior (e.g., number of game types played). A summary of 14 peer-reviewed studies showed inconsistencies as well as conceptual and methodological challenges. The aim of this study was to expand previ...
The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of specific symptoms of depression in athletes and to test differences in the likelihood of athletes exhibiting these symptoms across age, sex, type of team sport, and level of competition. A sample of Icelandic male and female team sport athletes ( N = 894, 18–42 years) was included in the study....
The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of specific symptoms of depression in athletes and to test differences in the likelihood of athletes exhibiting these symptoms across age, sex, type of team sport, and level of competition. A sample of Icelandic male and female team sport athletes (N = 894, 18-42 years) was included in the study. O...
Although the proneness to experience disgust shows a strong relationship with contamination and washing concerns in OCD, it still is not clear what mechanisms explain why disgust fuels contamination and washing rituals. We report two studies on university student samples (n = 233, n = 211) where the mediating role of beliefs related to overestimati...
More than a decade ago, Shaffer et al. (2006) reported that gambling-related research was growing at an exponential rate. Since that time, this trend appears to have continued, and much more is now known about this particular form of risky behavior. Nevertheless, there is still a general tendency to not perceive gambling as a potential danger for y...
In October 2008, Iceland experienced the fastest and deepest financial crisis recorded in modern times when all three major banks went bankrupt in less than 2 weeks. The purpose of this follow-up study is to examine potential changes in participation in 12 different gambling types and in problem gambling before (time 1; year 2007) and after (time 2...
In October 2008 all three major banks in Iceland went bankrupt with serious consequences for Icelandic society. The national currency lost more than half of its value and there was a sharp increase in household debts and prices for domestic goods. Very little is known about the potential effects of economic recessions on gambling participation and...
Background:
The development of transdiagnostic standardized measures of psychological distress have contributed to the development of practice-based evidence networks. The translation and validation of such measures cross culturally is important if such research is to be generalized across health care systems in different countries.
Method:
Tran...
The psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the World Health Organization five wellbeing index (WHO-5) were evaluated using two samples, a randomly selected sample (N = 3,896) from the Icelandic National Registry and a convenience sample of primary care patients (N = 126). The factor structure of the scale was tested with confirmatory f...
We tested whether suppressing disgust related thoughts, compared with no suppression, differentially affected target thought frequency and emotional responses, and whether this was related to participants' cognitive inhibition abilities. We also tested whether different control instructions during a thought control task would affect performance on...
The distressed (Type D) personality (the combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition traits) has been associated with adverse health outcomes. This study investigated the validity of the Type D construct against the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, and its association with emotional control and distress. In total 498 university...
The Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a self-report instrument to assess severity of OC symptoms along four thematically distinct symptom dimensions. This may carry benefits; both in assessment and for studying the link between OC related beliefs and symptoms. The validity and factor structure of the Icelandic version of the DOCS was...
PSYCHLOPS (Psychological Outcome Profiles; Ashworth et al., 2004) is a patient-generated outcome measure developed to be a sensitive indicator of change after therapy. It requires the patient to choose which symptoms or problems are most important to measure over the course of therapy. The present study replicates previous findings for the original...
Type D personality has been associated with poor prognosis in cardiac patients. This study investigated the validity of the Type D construct in Iceland and its association with disease severity and health-related risk markers in cardiac patients. A sample of 1,452 cardiac patients completed the Type D scale (DS14), and a subgroup of 161 patients co...
This study compared children with early and late diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). All children in four consecutive birth cohorts in Iceland diagnosed with ASD were divided into two groups based on their age at initial ASD diagnosis: 58 children were diagnosed before age 6 (group 1) and 41 children after age 6 (group 2). Children in grou...
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a widely used anxiety scale in clinical practice as well as in research. In the present study the objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the BAI in a patient and a student population. There was a total of 1674 participants, 607 outpatients and 1067 students. All participan...
The purpose of this study was to examine
whether the Icelandic version of the Personality
Assessment Inventory (PAI) discriminates
between subjects who portray an inaccurate
self-impression and those who give an accurate
self-impression. The PAI is used to assess
constructs relevant to psychopathology,
interpersonal style, treatment acceptability a...
In the wake of rapid expansion of legal gambling internationally, studies of adolescent gambling involvement and problem gambling prevalence have been carried out in numerous jurisdictions. This paper reviews adolescent gambling prevalence studies that have been carried out in North America, Europe, and Oceania. Based on this review, work is clearl...
Inflated responsibility has been hypothesized as an important influence on OCD symptoms. According to Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) there are in turn five developmental pathways that lead to inflated responsibility. Coles and Schofield (2008) proposed the Pathways to Responsibility Beliefs Scale (PIRBS) as a measure of these pathways.
In the pre...
This study reports findings on Internet gambling and problem gambling among Icelandic youth. Participants were 1.537 13–18year-old
students, 786 boys and 747 girls. Results revealed that 56.6% had gambled at least once in the past 12months and 24.3% on
the Internet. Gender and developmental differences were found for Internet gambling, as boys and...
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Additional services and information for http://ijo.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://ijo.sagepub.com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions:
This study aimed to develop a new psychometric instrument to assess vulnerability to risk of suicide and nonfatal self-harm behaviour in young adult male and female offenders. In total three studies were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the new instrument using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in different samples...
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures of depression in both research and clinical practice. The Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) is the most recent version of the BDI. The objective of the present study was to assess the psychometric foundations of the Icelandic translation of the B...
In the present study, the psychometric properties of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) (Foa, et al., 2002) were investigated. The OCI-R was administered to a total of 816 Icelandic college students. The Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) were administered to a subsample of 3...
Neuroticism (N) assesses emotional sensitivity or lability, but the construct is poorly defined and instruments used to assess
N are marred by a number of psychometric shortcomings. Neuroticism is also described in an overtly pejorative way, with items
keyed for themes reflecting low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The present paper presents...
This paper reports the main findings from a prevalence study of adolescent gambling and problem gambling among Icelandic adolescents. The final sample consisted of 3,511 pupils aged 13 to 15 in 25 primary schools in Reykjavík. The results indicated that 93% of adolescents had gambled some time in their life and 70% at least once in the preceding ye...
The aim of this study was to estimate gambling participation and problem gambling among Icelandic adolescents. Participants were 750 16-18-year-old students, 371 girls and 379 boys. The rate of problem gambling was estimated with the SOGS-RA and DSM-IV-MR-J. Results indicated that 96% of adolescents had gambled in their lifetime, 79% at least once...
The Obsessive Thoughts Checklist (OTC) differs from several other measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in its focus on obsessive thoughts instead of compulsive behaviour. The OTC has been used in several studies in France and abroad and support for the discriminant and convergent validity of the instrument has been gathered. The authors of the...
A psychometric assessment of the Icelandic version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) was undertaken among Icelandic schoolchildren, between 10 and 15 years of age. In a first study 625 children between 10 and 15 years of age filled in the MASC. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor structure of the in...
This study describes the construction and validation of a German version of the Positive and Negative Expectancies Scale,
PANEQ-G, which is based on the original English version of the PANEQ. The German version showed the same factor structure
as the original, comprising the three subscales of Negative Affectivity/Pessimism, Positive Affectivity/Op...
The present study describes the construction and validation of a new scale for measuring optimism, pessimism and “fighting spirit”, entitled the Positive And Negative Expectancy Questionnaire (PANEQ). Principal axis factor analysis of an initial pool of items generated by a scenario study yielded three factors, labelled negative affect/pessimism, f...
The aim of the present study was to explore cross-cultural differences in emotion control, using the Emotion Control Questionnaire [ECQ — Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotional control. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 845–853]. The ECQ has been extensively validated on En...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Gerð var forprófun á Sjálfsmatskvörðum Becks fyrir börn á aldrinum 7-14 ára til þess að athuga próffræðilega eiginleika íslenskrar útgáfu af kvörðunum. Þátttakendur voru 293 úr 12 grunnskólum í Reykjavík. Próffræðilegir eiginleikar reyndust sambærilegir...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Niðurstöður rannsókna sýna að u.þ.b. 70-90% barna og unglinga hafa spilað tölvuleiki og tæplega 60-90% spila tölvuleiki í hverri viku. Hugsanlegt er að óhófleg spilun tölvuleikja hafi neikvæðar afleiðingar á líf unglinga. Í þessari rannsókn voru próffræ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Sjálfsmatskvarðar Becks eru fimm kvarðar sem meta sjálfsmynd, kvíða, þunglyndi, reiði og hegðunarvanda hjá 7-18 ára bömum og unglingum. Fyrri rannsóknir hafa gefið til kynna viðunandi próffræðilega eiginleika þar sem innra samræmi og samleitniréttmæti v...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Í greininni er fjallað um nokkur sjálfsmatsmælitæki fyrir þunglyndiseinkenni fullorðinna sem til eru í íslenskri gerð. Það hefur gert erfitt um vik að velja þunglyndispróf til notkunar í rannsóknum og klínísku staríi að upplýsingar um rannsóknir á íslen...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Niðurstöður rannsókna í Norður Ameríku og Evrópu sýna að spilun tölvuleikjua meðal ungmenna hefur vaxið umtalsvert undanfarin áratug. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna tölvuleikjaiðkun íslenskra ungmenna á aldrinum 14 til 20 ára. Þátttakendur vor...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Könnuð var spilahegðun og algengi spilavanda meðal 16 til 18 ára nemenda í 15 framhaldsskólum veturinn 2005 til 2006. Þátttakendur voru 1513, 783 stúlkur og 730 drengir. Helstu niðurstöður voru að 62% nemenda höfðu spilað peningaspil einhvern tíma síðus...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Gerð var könnun á spilahegðun og tíðni hugsanlegs spilavanda meðal 16-18 ára unglinga í framhaldsskólum á Íslandi. Þátttakendur voru 750 nemendur valdir af hentugleika úr 12 framhaldsskólum, 371 stúlka og 379 drengir. Tvö erlend mælitæki (SOGS-RA og DSM...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Markmið með gerð Orðalykils var að búa til traust próf sem metur orðaforða íslenskra barna á grunnskólaaldri. Við stöðlun var gengið út frá 70 orðum en þau voru hluti af 352 orðum sem valin voru í upphafi rannsóknar. Úrtakið var 1.200 börn á aldrinum se...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Könnuð var spilahegðun og algengi spilafíknar meðal fullorðinna Íslendinga árið 2007. Könnunin var gerð í síma og byggðist á tilviljunarúrtaki 5000 íslendinga úr þjóðskrá. Svör fengust frá 3009 þátttakendum. Svarhlutfall var 63,4%. Niðurstöður sýna að u...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Próffræðilegir eiginleikar íslenskrar þýðingar Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) voru athugaðir. PAI er 344 atriða sjálfsmatslisti sem metur einkenni geðraskana, samskiptastíl, meðferðarheldni svarenda og réttmæti svara. Áreiðanleiki, réttmæti og þ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Athyglisbrestur með ofvirkni (AMO) er röskun á taugaþroska sem yfirleitt greinist á barnsaldri. Einkenni eru hreyfiorvirkni, hvatvísi og athyglisbrestur sem eru í ósamræmi við aldur og þroska (APA, 2000; Gísli Baldursson, Páll Magnússon og Ó...