Daniel Moríñigo Sotelo

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• Electrical Engineer (Ph.D.)
• Associate Professor at University of Valladolid

Fault detection in induction motors operated by inverters is an actual industrial need. Most line-fed machines are being replaced by inverter-fed drives, due to their improved speed regulation, and fast dynamic response, despite the insertion of undesired harmonics. Under this particular operating condition, most of the detection techniques so far...

In induction motor bearings, distributed faults are prevalent, often resulting from factors such as inadequate lubrication and particle contamination. Unlike localized faults, distributed faults produce complex and unpredictable motor signal behaviors. Although existing research predominantly addresses localized faults in mains-fed motors, particul...

Full access to the paper, for free, is here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671125000646

This work presents a method for detecting broken rotor bar (BRB) faults in induction motors (IM). The method is based on the Virtual Rotor Current (VRC) estimation, an approach that considers an additional virtual winding in the rotor modeling, concentrating any unbalance on the rotor circuit. Using Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) robust observer,...

This paper aims to use and explore odd triple harmonics to perform fault detection in delta-connected induction motors, demonstrating their suitability to detect broken rotor bars. Harmonic components arise around the main odd triple components, generated by the interaction of the fault and other effects, such as saturation and voltage unbalance. T...

In traction, automotive, and some industrial processes, the operation of the induction motor is set using speed. This creates an additional control loop that is external to the current controller that inverters already possess. While the impact of the latter control loop on fault detection in induction motors has already been studied, the influence...

Rotor bar breakage in induction motors is often detected by analysing the signatures in the stator current. However, due to the alteration of the current spectrum, traditional methods may fail when inverter-fed motors operate with closed-loop control using a cascade structure to regulate the speed. In this paper, the potential of zero-sequence volt...

Variable speed drives, commonly employed for motor speed control, incorporate electronic converters that emit harmonics to both the power grid and the motor-load system. These harmonics can have adverse effects on the motors, necessitating the experimental measurement of their diverse and unpredictable harmonic content. To perform these measurement...

Monitoring the bearings of induction motors is essential to avoid downtime and optimize maintenance schedules. Manufacturing processes are typically dynamic, requiring time-varying methods to diagnose faults. The Wigner-Ville distribution is renowned for generating high-resolution representations in both time and frequency. Unfortunately, cross-ter...

Recently, fault diagnosing supervised classifiers have been widely proposed to diagnose both electric and mechanical faults in induction motors (IM). However, many of them require a large amount of data, which implies a great effort required for processing fault-related features and building the training set. Furthermore, in real-world datasets, it...

Stator inter-turn faults (ITFs) are one of the most challenging to detect: in their early stage they are too subtle, and on the other hand they rapidly evolve into a catastrophic failure. In turn, its detection is of prime importance, since it is one of the main reasons for motor failures in medium and high-voltage induction motors (IMs). This pape...

Induction motors work under steady-state in many applications. Nevertheless, in some cases they experience periodic load fluctuations, which generate constant frequency harmonics close to variable frequency bar breakage harmonics. In these cases, time-frequency (t-f) transforms are better suited than steady-state analysis since the fault harmonic f...

This study addresses the early detection of half-broken bars in induction motors (IMs). Most research on fault detection focuses on current signature analysis because it can provide online and remote monitoring at a low cost. However, errors caused by spectral leakage around the fundamental frequency supply reduce its reliability for fault diagnosi...

Frequency converters controlling electric motors are widely used as they increase the functionality of the equipment and improve energy efficiency. However, it is inevitable that the quality of the power delivered to the motor does not have the same characteristics as when it is supplied from the mains. Due to the impact of the power quality on the...

Vibration signals carry important information about the health state of a ball bearing and have proven their efficiency in training machine learning models for fault diagnosis. However, the sampling rate and frequency resolution of these acquired signals play a key role in the detection analysis. Industrial organizations often seek cost-effective a...

In this paper, demagnetization detection in permanent magnet generators is analyzed using advanced signal processing techniques. The t-f decomposition of the current signal is calculated using the min-norm method. Three signal processing techniques are investigated which are the adaptive demodulation, the time-varying resampling and the envelope an...

There is an increasing interest in improving energy efficiency and reducing operational costs of induction motors in the industry. These costs can be significantly reduced, and the efficiency of the motor can be improved if the condition of the machine is monitored regularly and if monitoring techniques are able to detect failures at an incipient s...

Bearing faults account for the great majority of failures in induction motors. Therefore, the academy and industry have placed a lot of importance on their detection to improve the efficiency of the motors and ensure the reliable operation of industrial systems. Recently, different approaches based on transient analysis have been proposed for impro...

In this paper, demagnetization detection in permanent magnet generators is analyzed using advanced signal processing techniques. The merits of these methods are thoroughly compared against the commonly adopted short-time Fourier transform analysis. Moreover, traditional signal processing techniques may not be suitable for fault detection when the m...

Wear of end ring is to date an unreported and uninvestigated failure that very frequently takes place in deep-well submersible motor pumps. This article first analyses the particularities of these induction motors, especially their unusual rotor manufacturing process. Failure mechanism related to the end-ring wear is described, showing several exam...

The increasing use of nonlinear loads in the power grid introduces some unwanted effects, such as harmonic and interharmonic contamination. Since the existence of spectral contamination causes waveform distortion that may be harmful to the loads that are connected to the grid, it is important to identify the frequency components that are related to...

The widespread use of devices based on power electronics and other nonlinear loads has led to an increase in harmonic distortion that affects the quality of power systems. Therefore, the correct measurement of harmonic and interharmonic content is necessary. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards define the concepts of spectr...

Wind generation has recently become an essential renewable power supply option. Wind generators are integrated with electrical machines that require correct functionality. However, the increasing use of non-linear loads introduces undesired disturbances that may compromise the integrity of the electrical machines inside the wind generator. Therefor...

Direct drive permanent magnet machines used in renewables typically have high numbers of poles leading to low speeds. This poses a challenge for detection of faults during transients, while few periods of the operating waveforms can be captured. Moreover, it has been recently shown that the numbers of poles and stator coils determine the demagnetiz...

Rotor fault is a condition that may occur in induction motors due to high forces and stresses on rotor bars or end rings. When this occurs, the machine may lead to a forced outage in production lines. Several methods have been proposed in the literature for the detection of rotor faults; however, they cannot work under variable frequency conditions...

Harmonic distortion is one of the disturbances that most affects the quality of the electrical system. The widespread use of power electronic systems, especially power converters, has increased harmonic and interharmonic emission in a wide range of frequencies. Therefore, there are new needs in the measurement of harmonic distortion in modern elect...

The increase in electricity demand, the incorporation of renewable energies, or the trend toward deregulation in the power market, implies significant changes in the power networks. Load flows are considerably altered, giving rise to technical problems in the system, such as stability limitations or voltage level control. In this context, the use o...

Sensorless speed estimation has been extensively studied for its use in control schemes. Nevertheless, it is also a key step when applying Motor Current Signature Analysis to induction motor diagnosis: accurate speed estimation is vital to locate fault harmonics, and prevent false positives and false negatives, as shown at the beginning of the pape...

Induction motors are very robust, with low operating and maintenance costs, and are therefore widely used in industry. They are, however, not fault-free, with bearings and rotor bars accounting for about 50% of the total failures. This work presents a two-stage approach for three-phase induction motors diagnosis based on mutual information measures...

The study of power quality (PQ) has gained relevance over the years due to the increase in non-linear loads connected to the grid. Therefore, it is important to study the propagation of power quality disturbances (PQDs) to determine the propagation points in the grid, and their source of generation. Some papers in the state of the art perform the a...

A proper diagnosis of the state of an induction motor is of great interest to industry given the great importance of the extended use of this motor. Presently, the use of this motor driven by a frequency converter is very widespread. However, operation by means of an inverter introduces certain difficulties for a correct diagnosis, which results in...

Fault detection in induction motors powered by inverters operating in non-stationary regimes remains a challenge. The trajectory in the time-frequency plane of harmonics related to broken rotor bar develops very in proximity to the path described by the fundamental component. In addition, their energy is much lower than the amplitude of the first h...

The fault diagnosis of electrical machines during startup transients has received increasing attention regarding the possibility of detecting faults early. Induction motors are no exception, and motor current signature analysis has become one of the most popular techniques for determining the condition of various motor components. However, in the c...

Three-phase induction motors are extensively used in industrial processes due to their robustness, adaptability to different operating conditions, and low operation and maintenance costs. Induction motor fault diagnosis has received special attention from industry since it can reduce process losses and ensure the reliable operation of industrial sy...

The challenges in the operation of the electricity grids of the future, especially due to an increase in demand and connected distributed generation, are forcing utilities to propose solutions that improve the controllability and capacity of the grids. The connection of direct current links in medium voltage (MVDC) may be one of these solutions who...

The problem of detecting and quantifying bar breakage harmonics in inverter-fed induction motors has not been solved by the time–frequency transforms present in the technical literature. The paper proposes a new transform, called dragon transform, to solve this problem. The dragon atoms are defined with shapes perfectly adapted to the harmonic traj...

The present work proposes a methodology for the detection and classification of some transient power quality disturbances. It uses a genetic algorithm for estimating the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the fundamental component in an optimum way to suppress it from an electric signal. By using this pre-processing strategy, it is possible to remo...

In this work, a new time-frequency tool based on minimum-norm spectral estimation is introduced for multiple fault detection in induction motors. Several diagnostic techniques are available to identify certain faults in induction machines; however, they generally give acceptable results only for machines operating under stationary conditions. Induc...

This paper addresses a comprehensive evaluation of a bearing fault evolution and its consequent prediction concerning the remaining useful life. The proper prediction of bearing faults in their early stage is a crucial factor for predictive maintenance and mainly for the production management schedule. The detection and estimation of the progressiv...

Broken rotor bar (BRB) is one of the most common failures in induction motors (IMs) these days; however, its identification is complicated since the frequencies associated with the fault condition appear near the fundamental frequency component (FFC). This situation gets worse when the IM slip or the operation frequency is low. In these circumstanc...

Renewable generation sources like photovoltaic plants are weather dependent and it is hard to predict their behavior. This work proposes a methodology for obtaining a parameterized model that estimates the generated power in a photovoltaic generation system. The proposed methodology uses a genetic algorithm to obtain the mathematical model that bes...

A large number of wind turbines from different manufacturers have been installed worldwide. They have different operating principles and are designed according to the climatic conditions of the installation site. The objective of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of the behavior of the different types of internal and external failures...

The increasing incorporation of power electronics and other non-linear loads, in addition to their energy advantages, also implies a poor power quality, especially as regards harmonic pollution. Different solutions have been proposed to measure harmonic content, taking the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards as a reference. Ho...

Energy from the fundamental frequency component (FFC) in electrical signals is usually much higher than the energy from the rest of spectral components. This situation makes it difficult to obtain a proper analysis of the whole frequencies involved in a particular signal. To improve the spectral analysis of electrical signals, some works have propo...

Condition monitoring of bearings is an open issue. The use of the stator current to monitor induction motors has been validated as a very advantageous and practical way to detect several types of faults. Nevertheless, for bearing faults, the use of vibrations or sound generally offers better results in the accuracy of the detection, although with s...

Condition monitoring of bearings is an open issue. The use of the stator current to monitor induction motors has been validated as a very advantageous and practical way to detect several types of faults. Nevertheless, for bearing faults the use of vibrations or sound generally offers better results in the accuracy of the detection although with som...

The inclusion of renewable energies is associated with harmonic and interharmonic contamination due to the use of power inverters. Thus, several international standards have been developed to establish the admissible distortion levels associated with spectral contamination. However, these standards present limitations: interharmonics are not consid...

Transient motor current signature analysis has become a mature technique for fault detection in induction motors. By using start-up transients, the whole range of slip in the machine is exploited to generate well-defined fault frequency patterns. However, in the inverter-fed motor case, the fault-patterns are always close to the supply frequency an...

Over the years induction motors have established an uncanny knack for providing a plethora of utilities in the industry, where the fault monitoring and detection has become necessary. Several techniques could be applied for the monitoring and identification of broken rotor bars when the motor is fed by a variable speed drive (VSD). Nevertheless, ma...

Photovoltaic generation completely depends on environmental factors like sun irradiance and cell temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methodologies that allow to predict the power generated by photovoltaic systems under different weather conditions. This work presents a methodology for estimating the power delivered by a photovoltaic...

Induction Motors are very important machines for most industries, and an unexpected interruption of them may cause an emergency plant breakdown. There are different spectral analysis techniques that can be used in induction motor signals of voltage, current or vibration, to identify different motor failures, but all of them have limitations. Specif...

This paper investigates the current monitoring for effective fault diagnosis in induction motor (IM) by using random forest (RF) algorithms. A rotor bar breakage of IM does not derive in a catastrophic fault but its timely detection can avoid catastrophic consequences in the stator or prevent malfunctioning of those applications in which this sort...

Power quality monitoring has become very important because it allows preventing damages on sensitive equipment. To perform a proper monitoring, it is necessary equipment with certain features: high sampling rate, portability, high-storage capacity, reconfigurability, among others. This paper presents the results of using a proprietary power quality...

Flicker is a very common power quality disturbance due to the inclusion of photovoltaic generation on the electric grid. This paper presents a methodology for flicker estimation in a photovoltaic generation that fuses multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to provide high-resolution frequency estimation with an...

The diagnosis of electric machines, such as induction motors, is one of the key tasks that needs to be performed to guarantee their right operation as electromechanical energy converters in most industrial facilities. The ability to reliably identify a mechanical fault occurrence, before it becomes catastrophic, can reduce risks related to the prod...

The power quality analysis represents an important aspect in the overall society welfare. The analysis of power disturbances in electrical systems is typically performed in two steps: disturbance detection and disturbance classification. Disturbance detection is usually made through space transform techniques, and their classification is usually pe...

Recently, there has been an increased interest in fault detection on electrical machines in steady-state regimes. Several frequency estimation techniques have been developed to assist the early detection of faults in induction motors, especially in line-fed motors. However, in modern industry, the use of inverters is increasingly present. This pape...

Induction motors are used in a variety of industrial applications where frequent startup cycles are required. In those cases, it is necessary to apply sophisticated signal processing analysis methods in order to reliably follow the time evolution of the fault-related harmonics in the signal. In this paper, the zero-sequence current (ZSC) is analyse...

Purpose About 13 to 44 per cent of motor faults are caused by bearing failures in induction motors (IMs), where lubrication plays a significant role in maintaining rotating equipment because it minimizes friction and prevents wear by separating parts that move next to each other, and more than 35 per cent of bearing failures can be attributed to i...

Early detection of rotor faults can prevent the occurrence of catastrophic failures that could interrupt the manufacturing process in critical industries that use different types of inverters. This paper studies the inverter-fed case by analyzing the stator signal with a high-resolution subspace technique for spectral analysis known as multiple sig...

Power quality (PQ) has received the attention of several research groups due to the impact of PQ disturbances (PQD) and how they affect the operation of the electrical equipment connected to the grid, especially in industrial and healthcare facilities. The monitoring and analysis of PQD are generally performed with specialized measuring equipment s...

Fault detection in induction motors operating in non-stationary regimes has become a need in today’s industry. Most of the works published deal with line-fed motors. Nevertheless, the number of inverter-fed induction motors has significantly increased in recent years. Therefore, several fault detection techniques have been proposed lately for this...

Smart meters are one of the basic components of the future smart grid, they allow remotely monitoring each point in the grid in order to know in real-time the performance of the system and to detect potential failures. In this paper, a smart sensor network is introduced and the most important features are presented in three different scenarios: a r...

Fault diagnosis of inductions motors has received much attention recently. Most of the works use data obtained either from the time domain or by applying advanced techniques in the frequency domain. Some researchers have employed a considerable effort in designing sophisticated algorithms to achieve the best performance of the diagnosis system. How...

Fault detection in inverter-fed induction motors is an actual industrial need. Many line-fed machines are being replaced by inverter-fed drives for improving control during startup and also for saving energy. Broken rotor bars in induction motors is one of the most difficult faults to be detected, particularly when the motor is fed by an inverter i...

A considerable amount of papers have been published in recent years proposing supervised classifiers to diagnose the health of a machine. The usual procedure with these classifiers is to train them using data acquired through controlled experiments, expecting them to perform well on new data, classifying correctly the condition of a motor. But, obv...

Induction motors are used in a variety of industrial applications where frequent startups are required. In those cases, it is necessary to apply sophisticated signal processing analysis methods in order to reliably follow the time evolution of the fault-related harmonics in the signal. In this paper, the zero-sequence current (ZSC) is nalysed using...

This paper presents a method for fast classification of stator short-circuit faults in a inverter-fed induction motor operating at steady-state, under a wide range of speed and load conditions. Induction motors are widely used in several industrial applications due to its robustness, low cost and high reliability. Early detection and proper fault d...

The Induction motors are nowadays widely used in a variety of industrial applications due to their simple build and high reliability, On the other hand, adequate bearing lubrication is so important to guarantee an adequate operation during a long time. Thus, in this work, a method for detection and diagnosis of lubrication and mechanical faults in...

Intelligent fault detection in induction motors (IMs) is a widely studied research topic. Various artificial-intelligence-based approaches have been proposed to deal with a large amount of data obtained from destructive laboratory testing. However, in real applications, such volume of data is not always available due to the effort required in obtai...

In the last years, numerous investigations have been made within the field of faults diagnosis in induction motors. Most of them use data obtained either from the time domain, through advanced techniques in the frequency domain or even by simulation tools. Some researchers have employed a considerable effort in designing sophisticated algorithms to...

Fault detection in induction motors operating in non-stationary regimes has become a need in today's industry. Moreover, the number of fed induction motors has significantly increased in recent years Therefore, several fault detection techniques have been lately proposed based, mainly, in an adequate input signal processing to obtain some fault sig...

Induction motors are critical components for most industries and the condition monitoring has become necessary to detect faults. There are several techniques for fault diagnosis of induction motors and analyzing the startup transient vibration signals is not as widely used as other techniques like motor current signature analysis. Vibration analysi...