Daniel Kahneman

Princeton University | PU · Woodrow Wilson Scool

What is the origin and nature of consciousness? If consciousness is common to humans and animals alike, what are the defining traits of human consciousness? Moderated by Steve Paulson, executive producer and host of To the Best of Our Knowledge, Nobel laureate psychologist Daniel Kahneman, philosopher David Chalmers, expert in primate cognition Lau...

STRESZCZENIE: Teoria perspektywy D. Kahnemana i A. Tversky'ego zakłada, że ludzie są bardziej skłonni do podejmowania ryzyka dzia-łając w sferze strat, niż w sferze zysków. Zgodnie z tym założeniem funkcja wartości ma wypukły przebieg w sferze zysków, natomiast wklęsły w sferze strat. Te założenia poddano weryfikacji w bada-niach dotyczących podejm...

Daniel Kahneman received the Nobel Prize in economics sciences in 2002, December 8, Stockholm, Sweden. This article is the edited version of his Nobel Prize lecture. The author comes back to the problems he has studied with the late Amos Tversky and to debates conducting for several decades already. The statement is based on worked out together wit...

to duration. (iii) Retrospective evaluations of affective episodes are strongly influenced by the affect experienced at singular moments, notably the moment at which affect was most extreme and the final moment. They show little or no sensitivity to duration. (iv) Forecasts of the long term effects of circumstances on subjective happiness tend to n...

Reports the death of Amos Tversky. Tversky received his bachelor of arts from Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1961, majoring in philosophy and psychology. He received his doctor of philosophy degree from the University of Michigan in 1965. Tversky taught at Hebrew University (1966–1978) and at Stanford University. (1978–1996), where he was the in...

Reports the death of Amos Tversky. Tversky received his bachelor of arts from Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1961, majoring in philosophy and psychology. He received his doctor of philosophy degree from the University of Michigan in 1965. Tversky taught at Hebrew University (1966–1978) and at Stanford University. (1978–1996), where he was the in...

Documented with 2 experiments a phenomenon of duration neglect in people's global evaluations of past affective experiences. In Study 1, 32 Ss viewed aversive film clips and pleasant film clips that varied in duration and intensity. Ss provided real-time ratings of affect during each clip and global evaluations of each clip when it was over. In Stu...

Abstract Close counterfactuals are alternatives to reality that ’almost happened’. A psychological analysis of close counterfactuals offers insights into the underlying representation of causal episodes and the inherent uncertainty attributed to many,causal systems. The perception and representation of causal episodes is organized around possible f...

Observed preference reversal cannot be adequately explained by violations of independence, the reduction axiom, or transitivity. The primary cause of preference reversal is the failure of procedure invariance, especially the overpricing of low-probability, high-payoff bets. This result violates regret theory and generalized (nonindependent) utility...

Alternative descriptions of a decision problem often give rise to different preferences, contrary to the principle of invariance that underlines the rational theory of choice. Violations of this theory are traced to the rules that govern the framing of decision and to the psychological principles of evaluation embodied in prospect theory. Invarianc...

We discuss the cognitive and the psy- chophysical determinants of choice in risky and risk- less contexts. The psychophysics of value induce risk aversion in the domain of gains and risk seeking in the domain of losses. The psychophysics of chance induce overweighting of sure things and of improbable events, relative to events of moderate probabili...

In 5 experiments with 51 university students who viewed various combinations of words, colors, and shapes on a computer terminal, speeded choice responses (reading or naming) to a relevant stimulus under conditions of spatial uncertainty were delayed by the simultaneous occurrence of other events. This filtering cost occurred despite high discrimin...

In 4 experiments with 60 undergraduates, Ss viewed color bars and words that were conflicting, congruent, or neutral. A color word shown next to a color bar facilitated color naming if it was congruent with the correct response; otherwise it interfered with color naming. The congruence and conflict effects were both diminished (diluted) by the pres...

The latency of reading a single word is increased by 20 to 40 msec if another object is present in the display. The delay is affected by the spatial organization of the display: a colored frame causes less delay when it surrounds the word than when it is shown on the opposite side of fixation. A small gap in the frame is also more efficiently detec...

The quality of stroboscope motion induced by the successive presentation of two illuminated squares obeys two rules. For all stimulus durations shorter than 100 msec, optimal motion occurs when the stimulus onsets differ by about 120 msec. For stimulus durations longer than 100 msec, optimal motion occurs when the second stimulus begins at the term...

Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman discusses happiness as an indicator of social progress.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Psychology)--University of California, Berkeley, Sept. 1961. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-123). Microfilm. s

Ss rated the quality of apparent motion and of metacontrast in computer-controlled sequences of two or of three outlined squares. For brief stimuli, the dependence of the two effects on temporal factors of stimulation is virtually identical. Motion and metacontrast depend solely on the asynchrony of onsets between the two exposures (SOA) over a wid...