Daniel Gile

Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3 | UP3 · École Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs (ESIT)

Latest update and clarifications about Effort Models. Includes new Effort for feed mode in signed language interpreting

A report on publications on interpreting, mostly conference interpreting

Web site: https://cirin-gile.fr This Bulletin aims at contributing to the dissemination of information on conference interpreting research (CIR) and at providing useful information on CIR worldwide. It is published twice a year, in January and July. For further information and electronic copies of early issues no longer posted on the CIRIN site, pl...

En esta entrevista, Daniel Gile, uno de los referentes más importantes en el mundo de la interpretación, tanto en su faceta profesional como académica e investigadora, nos cuenta cómo llegó a ser intérprete tras haber estudiado Matemáticas y en qué medida este hecho ha influido en su forma de aproximarse a la investigación en interpretación. Además...

Abstract Several categories of interpreting theory going from ‘implicit individual theories’ to ‘interpreting principles theories’ (IPT) and on to ‘academic theories’ are identified. The most popular among the latter two categories are briefly characterized. Data based on ad hoc questionnaires sent to students and trainers regarding the presence an...

Daniel Gile, Personal socio-academic contributions in Translation and Interpreting Studies Personal socio-academic contributions have been particularly influential in the emergence and early development of TIS (Translation and Interpreting Studies). This is shown through the analysis of three case studies, the Leuven-CETRA-EST lineage, the ESIT-Int...

The paper explains the Effort Models (EMs), conceived as a functional didactic tool to explain the implications of high cognitive load in simultaneous interpreting with or without text, consecutive interpreting and sight translation, not as descriptive process models. They have been evolving with input from cognitive science, but have kept their di...

The July 2021 issue of the conference interpreting research Bulletin, which offers lists of mostly recent publications on or related to interpreting, in particular conference interpreting, with micro-report and comments by the Editor

While risk has always been part of translation, it was taken up as a distinct topic recently, with some confusion as to what the term actually covers and some problematic claims about its central role as a determinant of translation behavior and about the links between risk and translation effort. It is argued that risk is more often a constraint t...

This is a somewhat more explicit version of a PowerPoint presentation I used for a lecture on terminological issues in Translation and Interpreting Studies. I explain in particular my views on the differences between tactics and strategies and why a distinction between them is desirable, and the difference between cognitive load and cognitive effor...

A presentation on the role, use and teaching of theory in the interpreting classroom, taking on board the needs of students and their interest/lack of interest in theory

The latest update of the clarification powerpoint about the Effort Models, with corrections and the addition of new EMS, one for interpreting with a significant human-machine interaction Effort, one for zoom interpreting from two separate locations, one for interpreting when psychological and social considerations require much attention.

A presentation on the history and future of the Effort Models, but also about the potential usefulness of theory for practicing interpreters

Editorial, list of publications on interpreting and related to interpreting, two short introductory texts on research methodology, one on cognitive load and one on sampling

Latest issue of the CIRIN Bulletin, which reports mainly on conference interpreting research publications, but also on signed language interpreting research and research on other branches of Translation and Interpreting Studies

A tradução e interpretação profissionais agem sobre textos e discursos como um serviço de comunicação em contextos específicos de interação social. Ao se avaliar a qualidade desse serviço, os atores humanos envolvidos e suas intenções e outros parâmetros da situação de comunicação precisam ser levados em consideração. A variabilidade nas suas posiç...

This is the most recent issue of the CIRIN Bulletin, a research review bulletin which focuses on recent publications on conference interpreting, but also includes publications from other branches of language interpreting, including signed languages.

O léxico especializado da Língua de Sinais Francesa (LSF) é muito inferior em tamanho se comparado ao da língua francesa, o que gera, frequentemente, problemas para os intérpretes. Foram registrados quatro aulas de controle de gestão, dos quais participaram um aluno surdo, interpretado por quatro intérpretes profissionais, e as táticas dos intérpre...

An explanation of simultaneous interpreting for an encyclopedia with a practical orientation. A bit of theory. Signed Language Interpreting is included

Research into Translation (translation and interpreting) is to a large extent conducted by practitioners (‘practisearchers’) as opposed to ‘professional researchers’ from cognate disciplines, due to academic requirements in training programmes and to personal interest. Many of them can be said to ‘specialise’ in TIS. Research requirements from stud...

A correction and improvement of the May 18, 2018 version of the presentation

Some updates to the Powerpoint presentation posted on www.cirinandgile.com last year.

The paper is a personal analysis of the evolution of interpreting studies (IS) from its beginnings and until 2016. It started from within conference interpreting and had an exclusive and mostly elitist standpoint. Over the years, with geo-political and institituional developments, with the development of community interpreting, of internet and digi...

The usefulness of research in T&I training institutions is not a matter of course, and some efforts to find the optimum cost/benefit ratio in each environment is desirable. Gains can be sought in modest findings, enhanced reasoning skills and increased familiarity with scientific texts for students, and in higher academic status for the relevant in...

In a sample of 10 professionals interpreting the same source speech in the simultaneous mode, errors and omissions (e/o’s) were found to affect different source-speech seg-ments, and a large proportion among them were only made by a small proportion of the subjects. In a repeat performance, there were some new e/o’s in the second version when the s...

In a series of distinct operations, an English speech made at a conference and its inter-pretation into French were presented auditorily and visually to professional interpreters, students and other assessors to study what they considered errors and omissions, as well as their assessment of the overall fidelity of the target speech. Results include...

Most recent update of clarifications about the Effort Models with respect to their social situatedness and risk assessment (February 16, 2017)

A semesterly information Bulletin about research publications on conference interpreting, and to some extent on other interpreting-related texts.

Attitudinal changes are a salient recent development in the interpreting research community. They include an aspiration to science and to interdisciplinarity. However, such an aspiration is difficult to implement because of training- and motivation-related constraints, as well as difficulties in access to field data. The most promising avenues for...

An explanation of the author's 'psychological' approach to translator training as applied to actual training methods.

This study examined omissions, errors, and variability in lexical selection across simultaneous interpretations of President Obama’s 2009 inaugural address, in three spoken languages (French, German, Japanese) and in American Sign Language (ASL). Microanalysis of how information conveyed by 39 source speech lexical items was transferred into the ta...

A powerpoint presentation aimed to clarify a number of aspects of the Effort Models and to update them for use in signed language interpreting

Cognitive pressure makes high language availability in comprehension and production and good language separation ability essential for successful simultaneous interpreting. These cognitive skills are generally not found at a sufficiently high level among interpreting students and require enhancement. Traditional advice may not be the most efficient...

In a sample of 10 professionals interpreting the same source speech in the simultaneous mode, errors and omissions (e/o’s) were found to affect different source-speech segments, and a large proportion among them were only made by a small proportion of the subjects. In a repeat performance, there were some new e/o’s in the second version when the sa...

Several singular features make Translation studies (TS) an intriguing object of study. Empirical investigation into a discipline is conveniently conducted on research production, and scientometrics is a germane tool for such endeavors. This paper traces the origins of scientometric investigation in TS, reports on its short history and recent develo...

Les réactions spontanées de 22 informateurs à des enregistrements d’interprétations en direct du discours inaugural du président Obama vers le français ont été recueillies, étudiées et comparées. Les évaluations font apparaître une grande variabilité interindividuelle dans les évaluations, et notamment des cas où certains font des commentaires posi...

The author reviews ideas, projects and actions generated and implemented within and with EST over the past twenty years. He concludes in his analysis that predictors of success or failure for EST operations are individual motivation, organization with specific duties and institutional weight. He considers that EST is doing rather well, suggests tha...

Le présent article rend compte des comportements de recherche documentaire chez des traducteurs techniques indépendants sur la base d’une analyse alternant questionnaires et entretiens avec mise au point progressive. Il s’agissait notamment d’examiner ces comportements au regard de paramètres tels que la spécialisation, la formation préalable, l’ex...

Les approches prevalentes dans la recherche traductologique sous sa forme universitaire peuvent etre classees en deux grandes categories, l’une relevant des sciences humaines (ASH) et l’autre s’inspirant de la recherche scientifique canonique (ASC). Les methodes employees dans cette derniere se distinguent souvent par leur complexite relative, mais...

Prevalent approaches in the academic component of Translation Studies research can be divided into two main categories, one falling under the human science disciplines (HSA or Human Sciences Approaches), and the other based on canonical science (CSA or Canonical Scientific Approach). Methods used in the latter are often relatively complex and intru...

The paper describes and discusses the historical evolution of IS from a profession-driven, narrow-focused independent entity towards a wider academic discipline addressing all types of interpreting within the discipline of Translation Studies (TS). It explains its limitations and weaknesses in terms of size, environmental factors and human factors....

La recherche sur les limites de la simultanée dues à la charge cognitive gagne à être menéepar la voie d’analyses locales. Localement, la charge cognitive importée d’un segment dontle traitement n’est pas terminé peut déterminer la difficulté d’interprétation du segment encours de traitement, et expliquer des difficultés spécifiques par langue qui...

Les citations dans 47 articles sur la formation des interprètes et traducteurs parus dans des volumes collectifs récents ont été analysées. Peu d’études empiriques étaient concernées dans l’échantillon sur la formation des interprètes, et quasiment aucune n’était citée dans l’échantillon sur la formation des traducteurs. Dans l’ensemble des article...

A brief description of a small survey conducted amont researchers into translation and interpreting about their perception as peer reviewers and reviewed authors

Résumé La recherche sur les processus cognitifs accompagnant l’interprétation de conférence est largement fondée sur des théories conçues en psychologie cognitive qu’il est difficile de valider par des procédures empiriques, notamment en raison de la complexité des processus et de la variabilité qui en résulte sur le plan holistique de la prestatio...

Research on cognitive processes in conference interpreting is largely based on theories developed within cognitive psychology which are difficult to validate empirically, in particular due to the complexity of the processes involved and to the resulting variability at the holistic level of interpreting performance. Institutional and human resources...

Translation research (TR) and interpretation research (IR) have different histories (TR is much older), differently hierarchised foci (traditionally, TR has focused on ideological, cultural and sociological issues and IR on the interpreting process), different academic environments (TR has been conducted mostly within the humanities and IR within i...

Pour convaincre les étudiants de l’intérêt de la déverbalisation, il importe de les sensibiliser au préalable au fait qu’en traduisant, ils accomplissent une tâche communicationnelle au service d’un client et d’un auteur. Sur cette base de loyauté professionnelle, ils comprennent l’intérêt de la correction de certaines erreurs et maladresses techni...

La formation du traducteur vise l'acquisition d'une demarche dans laquelle la formulation du texte d'arrivee est fondee sur la perception par le traducteur du Message et des intentions de 1'auteur, et sur des Strategies d'optimisation en fonction d'une loyaute professionnelle. Dans les textes generalement utilises en classe, qui ne sont pas littera...

In-training interpretation quality assessment essentially differs from assessment in the field due to its guiding function and to the importance it allocates to the interpreting process as opposed to the quality of the product. A process-oriented assessment is recommended for the early part of the raining syllabus in view of its psychological advan...

Quantitative analysis of the literature of conference interpreting research (CIR) highlights interesting features of its historical evolution. Paradigm shifts in the seventies and late eighties have intensified its overall production and are associated with the disappearance of some major production centers and the emergence of others. The total po...

Résumé L'évaluation de la qualité de l'interprétation en cours de formation diffère de l'évaluation professionnelle essentiellement en raison de sa fonction d'orientation et de la part importante qu'elle accorde au processus d'interprétation, par opposition au seul discours d'arrivée. Il est proposé de faire appel à une évaluation orientée processu...

A discussion of references and citations, with many authentic examples of weaknesses and their potential implications

: In conference interpreting research, empirical investigation can be classified as observational or experimental. The former can be used for exploration, analysis and hypothesis-testing, and is either interactive or non-interactive. Besides its conventional role of hypothesis-testing, the latter can be exploratory. The main methodological problems...