Daniel Egret

Observatoire de Paris - PSL · LUTH

A high level of citations is generally associated with the exceptional influence of an article. Authors of several highly cited articles are thus considered and scrutinized as influential members within their scientific discipline and beyond when their activity spans several disciplines. Identifying individuals who have made outstanding contributio...

As the academic community has become increasingly concerned about the drifts of research evaluation, mostly researchers’ evaluation, because of the overreliance on metrics, many expert groups have made recommendations to improve the way researchers should be evaluated. In this study, we focus on the recommendation to use narrative curriculum vitae...

The digital support for scientific reasoning presents contrasting results. Bibliometric services are improving, but not academic assessment; no service for scholars relies on logs of web usage to base query strategies for relevance judgments (or assessor shifts). Our Scientific Knowledge Graph GRAPHYP innovates with interpretable patterns of web us...

The variety and diversity of published content are currently expanding in all fields of scholarly communication. Yet, scientific knowledge graphs (SKG) provide only poor images of the varied directions of alternative scientific choices, and in particular scientific controversies, which are not currently identified and interpreted. We propose to use...

International academic rankings of research universities are widely applied and heavily criticised. Amongst the many international rankings, the Shanghai ranking has been particularly influential. Although this ranking’s primary data are generally accessible and its methods are published in outline format, it does not follow that its outputs are pr...

The cognitive manifold of published content is currently expanding in all areas of science. However, Scientific Knowledge Graphs (SKGs) only provide poor pictures of the adversarial directions and scientific controversies that feed the production of knowledge. In this Article, we tackle the understanding of the design of the information space of a...

We use several sources to collect and evaluate academic scientific publication on a country scale, and we apply it to the case of France for the years 2015-2020, while presenting a more detailed analysis focused on the reference year 2019. These sources are diverse: databases available by subscription (Scopus, Web of Science) or open to the scienti...

Unlimited change in scientific terminology challenges integrity in scientific knowledge graph (SKG) representation, while current data and modeling standards, mostly document oriented, hardly allow a resilient semantic upgrade of scholarly content. Moreover, results of a “multimodal knowledge acquisition” are required for an efficient upgrade of se...

Research infrastructures (RI) offer researchers a multitude of research opportunities and services and play a key role in the performance, innovative strength and international competitiveness of science. As an important part of the generation and use of new knowledge and technologies, they are essential for research policies. Because of their stra...

The emergence of international academic rankings is one of the most interesting phenomena in the field of comparative analysis of higher education. The growing influence of the Shanghai ranking led its many critics to show strong reluctance in using it as a source of analysis and improvement, mainly because it was generally thought that its results...

The note is in French. It presents a Table of potential scores in ARWU Shanghai ranking of new mergers or new universities resulting from the changing landscape of French Higher Education system.

The distribution of the interstellar medium is filamentary and patchy, making difficult to obtain the global parameters describing the various components of our Galaxy. By model-model comparison, we found that the intrinsic uncertainty in Galaxy model simulation due to interstellar extinction can be as large as 25% in star count and 0.2--0.4 mag in...

The activities of the Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) are reviewed. They include: SIMBAD, the reference database for the identification and bibliography of astronomical objects, the catalog service with the new VizieR Catalogue Browser developed as a joint effort by CDS and ESA/ESRIN and the WWW server. The future evolution of t...

The Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) has been collecting and distributing astronomical data for more than 25 years. It develops and maintains several reference databases, mainly an object database (SIMBAD), a catalogue database (VizieR) and an image database (Aladin). An important aspect consists also in developing links between...

The emergence of international academic rankings is one of the most interesting phenomena in the field of comparative analysis of higher education. The growing influence of the Shanghai ranking led its many critics to show strong reluctance in using it as a source of analysis and improvement, mainly because it was generally thought that its results...

IAU Commission 5, Documentation and Astronomical Data, continued its mission of promoting and supporting sound practices of data management, data dissemination, and data preservation over the past three years. The Commission also prepared its proposal for continuation, with some changes in emphasis, after the IAU's commission restructuring program....

The growing influence of the idea of world-class universities and the associated phenomenon of international academic rankings are intriguing issues for contemporary comparative analyses of higher education. Although the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU or the Shanghai ranking) was originally devised to assess the gap between Chinese un...

The growing influence of international academic rankings is one of the most interesting phenomena in the field of comparative analysis of higher education. Over the past decade, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU or the Shanghai ranking) has been credited with stimulating higher education change on a wide range of scales, from increas...

Research groups, or university departments, have a regular need for maintaining "institutional bibliographies", a list of all papers published by individuals affiliated with the institution. Using the Observatoire de Paris (France) as an example, we show how this can be done, using the services of the ADS and other bibliographic databases. In thi...

This is the second paper of a series analyzing the production of French astronomical research units. We have used the ADS information system to collect a complete database of refereed publications from French Astrophysics (i.e. with at least one of author with affiliation in a French institution). We find 2400 publications for the year 2012 - an in...

We have used the SAO/NASA ADS information system to collect a complete database of refereed publications from French Astronomy (i.e. with at least one of the authors with affiliation in a French institution). We find about 2150 publications for the year 2011 and we present some statistics to characterize the scientific production of this community....

The Master Catalogue of stars towards the Magellanic Clouds (MC2) is a multi-wavelength reference catalogue. The current paper presents the first results of the MC2 project. We started with a massive cross-identification of the two recently released near-infrared surveys: the DENIS Catalogue towards the Magellanic Clouds (DCMC) with more than 1.3 m...

The Hierarchical Data Format, version 5 (HDF5) is a data model, library, and file format for storing and managing data. It is designed for flexible and efficient I/O and for high volume, complex data. The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) project is solving the challenge of data size and complexity using HDF5. Most of LOFAR's standard data products will...

The Working Group Virtual Observatories, Data Centers, and Networks was established under Commission 5 at the Prague General Assembly in 2006. The purpose of the WG is to provide IAU oversight of the activities of the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA, ), to encourage data centers and other data providers to archive and publish data...

We have been recently faced with the problem of cross-identifying stars recorded in historical catalogues with those extracted from recent fully digitized surveys (such as DENIS and 2MASS). Positions mentioned in the old catalogues are frequently of poor precision, but are generally accompanied by finding charts where the interesting objects are fl...

VO-Paris Data Center aims at providing VO access to its databases resources, at participating to the development of interoperability standards, at implementing VO-compliant simulation codes and data visualization and analysis software. We will present some of the latest VO development involving resources from Paris VO Data Center, i.e, the first si...

Traditional information retrieval systems aim at satisfying most users for most of their searches, leaving aside the context in which the search takes place. We propose to model two main aspects of context: The themes of the user's information need and the specific data the user is looking for to achieve the task that has motivated his search. Bot...

The Master Catalogue of stars towards the Magellanic Clouds (MC2) is a multi-wavelength reference catalogue. We performed a systematic cross-matching of the DENIS [3] Catalogue towards the Magellanic Clouds (DCMC) [1] with 2MASS [4] and the optical (GSC-II1, UCAC1 [6]) catalogues. It provides an unprecedented wealth of data on the stellar populatio...

VO Paris Federation is a partnership between Paris Observatory, IAP, IPSL and CEA. Its objectives are to provide VO access to its databases ressources, contribute to international standards developments, implement VO compliant simulation codes and data visualisation and analysis software. The various activities are organised into portals whose func...

Paris VO Data Center aims at providing VO access to its databases ressources, at participating to international standards developments, at implementing VO compliant simulation codes and data visualisation and analysis softwares. We will present some of the latest VO developments involving ressources from Paris VO Data Center, i.e, the first simple...

Modern astronomy has entered the era of very large catalogues, gathering information for over 108 sources. Dedicated methods have been developed at the CDS to handle the huge amounts of data involved: powerful lossless compression, keeping direct access to the data on the basis of celestial position, allow fast queries on those very large catalogue...

The Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) develops a set of interlinked services, SIMBAD, VizieR, ALADIN, the Dictionary of Nomenclature, which can be used to find information about particular objects or regions of the sky, or can be sampled by criteria. An example of more advanced usage is also given. New functionalities will be deve...

The ability to extract knowledge from very large data catalogues resulting from sky surveys or from deep wide fields, observed at various wavelength ranges, is a critical task in the context of the future Virtual Observatories. Based on CDS experience, we will try to draw a few lessons for strategies to be adopted when mining very large data sets.

We present a review of the current organization of astronomical archives and data centers in terms of data federation. We point the challenges faced, in the VO context, for developing the necessary standards and tools to make data federation and data fusion possible at a general level, covering all potential VO resources.

Aladin, the CDS interactive sky atlas is one of the important interoperability tools of the astronomy Web. Several recent improvements prepare it for use as a portal to the Phase A of the Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (AVO), as shown by its use as a testbed for the AVO-January 2003 demonstration (Quinn, P., 2002).

The Small Magellanic Cloud is a nearby galaxy of low metallicity, strong star formation rate in spite of an apparently small proportion of molecular gas (weak and rare CO detections). The observations of gas and dust of this galaxy allow to study the impact of metallicity and of star formation history on dust abundance. The multi-wavelength dust em...

The iAstro network is a European action supported by the COST program, to foster coordination in the domain of computational and information infrastructure for the astronomical data grid.

Numerical and bibliographical Databases in Atomic and Molecular Physics are essential for both the modelling of various astrophysical media and the interpretation of astrophysical spectra provided by ground or space-based telescopes. We report here on our current project concerning the access to Atomic and Molecular Physics Databases within the Vir...

We present an analysis of dust grain emission in the diffuse interstellar medium of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). This study is motivated by the availability of 170 microns ISOPHOT data covering a large part of the SMC, with a resolution enabling to disentangle the diffuse medium from the star forming regions. After data reduction and subtracti...

The ISOGAL survey is one of the largest imaging programme performed by the ISO satellite. About 16deg2^ mainly distributed in the inner Galactic disk were mapped at 7 and/or 15 micron (mum). Because of highly structured background and high source density, a special point source extraction algorithm was used and resulted in a 100000 point source cat...

The ISOGAL project is an infrared survey of specific regions sampling the Galactic Plane selected to provide information on Galactic structure, stellar populations, stellar mass-loss and the recent star formation history of the inner disk and Bulge of the Galaxy. ISOGAL combines 7 and 15 mum ISOCAM observations - with a resolution of 6 0 0 at worst...

We have been recently faced with the problem of cross--identifying stars recorded in historical catalogues with those extracted from recent fully digitized surveys (such as DENIS and 2MASS). Positions mentioned in the old catalogues are frequently of poor precision, but are generally accompanied by finding charts where the interesting objects are f...

This paper presents a new approach for browsing and mining document collections. The study is based on a data collection of 10,000 articles extracted from the ADS, corresponding to all papers authored or co-authored by French astronomers during the period 1996 to 2000. A key point in our approach is that information searching and exploring take pla...

Networking of bibliographic information is particularly remarkable in astronomy. On-line journals, the ADS bibliographic database, SIMBAD and NED are everyday tools for research, and provide easy navigation from one resource to another. Tables are published on line, in close collaboration with data centers. Recent new developments include the links...

This paper presents new methods for knowledge extraction and visualization, applied to datasets selected from the astronomical literature. One of the objectives is to detect correlations between concepts extracted from the documents. Concepts are generally meta-information which may be defined a priori, or may be extracted from the document content...

The Astrophysical Virtual Observatory Project (PI: P. Quinn, ESO) has three Work Areas: Science case (P. Benvenuti, ST-ECF), Interoperability (F. Genova, CDS) and Advanced technologies (A. Lawrence, AstroGrid). The development of an Interoperability prototype, implementing a set of European archives into VizieR and Aladin, in collaboration with all...

The new context of the on-going efforts towards an international Virtual Observatory has a significant impact on current CDS developments. While a strong emphasis remains on data quality, and permanent update of databases, new tools and additional links are being brought forward through collaboration to the AVO consortium, and with NVO and other VO...

The Master Catalogue of stars towards the Magellanic Clouds (MC2) is a multi{wavelength reference catalogue. We performed a systematic cross-matching of the DENIS[3] Catalogue towards the Magellanic Clouds (DCMC)[1] with 2MASS[4] and the optical (GSC-II , UCAC1[6]) catalogues. It provides an unprecedented wealth of data on the stellar populations o...

The Master Catalogue of stars towards the Magellanic Clouds (MC2)?? is a multi{wavelength reference catalogue. The current paper presents the rst results of th e MC2 project. We started with a massive cross{ identication of the two recently released near{infrared s urveys: the DENIS Catalogue towards the Magellanic Clouds (DCMC) with more than 1.3...

The implementation of a European Concerted Research Action designated as COST Action 283 "Computational and Information Infrastructure in the Astronomical DataGrid" is described. The main objective of the Action is to develop innovative and well focused approaches to data and information handling, in the context of astronomy and astrophysics. This...

An inverse method is developed to determine the star formation history, the age-metallicity relation, and the IMF slope from a colour-magnitude diagram. The method is applied to the Hipparcos HR diagram. We found that the thin disk of our Galaxy shows a peak of stellar formation 1.6 Gyr ago. The stars close to the Sun have a solar metallicity and a...

We present some recent developments in the CDS services. These include new surveys available in VizieR and Aladin, an increased number of archive links in VizieR and Aladin, visualization for spectra and time series in VizieR, new query facilities in SIMBAD, and scripting facilities in Aladin. Overall interoperability features are also emphasized.

We present, in a first part, a short review of existing and planned large catalogues and surveys. In a second part, we present the current plans for building the Virtual Observatories of the future. Finally we give a few examples of emerging methodologies for the analysis of huge catalogues.

As the datasets and catalogues produced by space missions and surveys grow larger and more complex, the need in innovating solutions for providing a wide and efficient access to the final observational product becomes more obvious. CDS is one of the leading data centers working at devising these solutions, as part of a world-wide network of data an...

Interoperability between heterogeneous, distributed services, is one of the key features of the Virtual Observatory. CDS develops widely used interoperability tools, VizieR and Aladin. Tabular data, catalogues, published tables, surveys, and lists of observations in archives, are federated in VizieR, with active links to data, images, spectra and t...

The Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) develops a set of value-added services, widely used for information retrieval, observation preparation, data interpretation, etc. SIMBAD, VizieR, Aladin and the 'Dictionary of Nomenclature' integrate heterogeneous selected information from observatory archives, sky surveys and publications. Ea...

The recent publications of the DENIS Catalogue towards the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) with more than 1.3 million sources identified in at least two of the three DENIS filters (I J K s ) and of the incremental releases of the 2MASS point source catalogues (J H K s ) covering the same region of the sky, provide an unprecedented wealth of data related to...

Interoperability is one of the key issues in the current efforts to build the Virtual Observatory. We present here some of the tools which already contribute to the efficient exchange of information between archives, databases, and journals. Comment: To appear in Proc. SPIE Conf. vol. 4477, Astronomical Data Analysis, San Diego, August 2001

This paper introduces a new interface that integrates document mining. A key point is the co-operation of different modules with which the user interacts in order to visualise in a global way a document set. This visualisation is done according to different point of views, given by the different document dimensions. The graphical visualisations are...

ALADIN is a powerful tool for data interpretation, which allows one to integrate survey images and catalogues with reference information from SIMBAD, NED, VizieR, and with images from observatory archives. Recent evolution of the ALADIN software and of the image database are presented. The main facts are the following: - The AladinJava standalone v...

The Magellanic Clouds (MCs) are one of the best places to study stellar evolution outside the Milky Way because of their proximity and the possibility to directly observe their constituent objects. Because of their insensitivity to dust reddening, near infrared surveys such as DENIS (I J Ks) and 2MASS (J H Ks) provide new insights of the MC stellar...

The ability to extract knowledge from very large data catalogues resulting from sky surveys or from deep wide elds, observed at various wavelength ranges, is a critical task in the context of the future Virtual Observatories. Based on CDS experience, we will try to draw a few lessons for strategies to be adopted when mining very large data sets.

The Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) will be a major hub of the emerging Virtual Observatory. It provides reference services such as SIMBAD, VizieR and Aladin, which are essential for data interpretation and are used for critical functionalities by other services (e.g. SIMBAD as name resolver for the ADS and the major on-line obs...

This catalogue is a compilation of about 5000 stars classified as supergiants (class I or II) in the literature. The following information is given: DM and HD identifications, coordinates, photometry, radial velocity and MK classification (1 data file).

This is the first version of a complete near-IR point source catalogue towards the Magellanic Clouds extracted from the data obtained with the DEep Near Infraread Survey of the Southern Sky (DENIS). The catalogue covers an area of 19.87x16 square degrees centered on (05:27:20-69:00:00) for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and 14.7x10 square degree...

We have compiled the near infrared Point Source Catalogue (PSC) towards the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) extracted from the data obtained with the Deep Near Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky – DENIS (Epchtein et al. [CITE]). The catalogue covers an area of of $19.87\times 16$ square degrees centered on $(\alpha,\delta)=(5^{\rm h}27^{\rm m}20^{\rm s}$,...

Textual information systems provide different kinds of information seeking that answer different user needs. Among them, knowledge discovery systems aim at providing global views and useful patterns from raw information. This paper presents a framework to discover knowledge from semi-structured documents and visualize it through graphical views. An...