Daniel Eek

AstraZeneca | AZ

Anifrolumab is a new therapeutic approach for individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) directed at blocking the type 1 interferon pathway. Despite the expanding body of literature on Anifrolumab, an essential aspect remains absent: the subjective patient experience of treatment effects and implications on patients’ health-related quality...

Purpose Qualitative studies that highlight the patient perspective of heart failure (HF) and its impact on the lives of patients are limited. Our study objective was to describe the patient’s perspective on HF, including the diagnosis, treatment journey and healthcare interactions, and how HF impacts patients’ lives and specifically their health-re...

Background Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) severely impacts patients’ lives. Nevertheless, little is known about patients’ own experiences of living with CKD in Sweden. The objective of this study was to describe the patient’s perspective on CKD—including diagnosis, treatment journey, and healthcare interactions—and how CKD impacts patients’...

Purpose Optimising health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an overarching principle in the EULAR recommendationsfor managing SLE. Objective measures of HRQoL are favoured by healthcare payers to permit comparisonsacross populations. How these measures refl ect HRQoL in SLE is not well established. We sought to assesshow fatigue, pain, and functio...

Purpose Fatigue is a prominent symptom in individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This work evaluates the content validity and psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale (FACIT-Fatigue) in patients with CLL to determine if it is fit for purpose in CLL research. Methods The FACIT-Fatig...

IntroductionThere is a need to understand how patients assess perceived benefits and risks of treatments.Objectives The study aimed to (i) elucidate how patients evaluate treatment experiences and (ii) develop a brief patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument for use across disease areas for perceived benefit–risk evaluation of a new medicine in a...

Background and Objective Understanding the patient experience is important for identifying the unmet need in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The current study aimed to develop a comprehensive chronic lymphocytic leukemia conceptual model.Methods The conceptual model was based on literature searches, review of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient blog...

Purpose To evaluate the influence of recall periods on the assessment of physical function, we compared, in cancer and general population samples, the standard administration of PROMIS Physical Function items without a recall period to administrations with 24-hour and 7-day recall periods. Methods We administered 31 items from the PROMIS Physical...

Introduction: The FACIT-Fatigue is a 13-item patient-reported outcome instrument (PRO) that was designed to assess fatigue-related symptoms and impacts on daily functioning. This study assessed the content validity of the FACIT-Fatigue in patients with CLL to help determine if it is fit-for-purpose in this population. Methods: Forty adults with fir...

Introduction: The shift toward long-term, targeted therapies for patients with CLL requires fit-for-purpose patient-reported outcome instruments (PROs) to assess overall treatment benefit. The FACIT-Fatigue is designed to assess fatigue-related symptoms and their impact on daily functioning, with extensive published evidence of its reliability and...

Background Understanding the patient’s perception of their disease is vital for guiding care decisions. The current study aimed to identify the most predominant experiences in women diagnosed with, and treated for, ovarian cancer in terms of disease-related symptoms, treatment-attributed side effects and their impacts. Methods Semi-structured qual...

Background A comprehensive conceptual model (CM) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is required to help researchers understand patients’ unmet needs and direct future advancements in the field, particularly in developing patient‐centered endpoints to evaluate the benefits of new therapies within clinical trials. Aims The current study aimed to...

e19001 Background: The study aimed to create a conceptual model (CM) of disease- and treatment-related signs, symptoms and impacts in patients with first-line (1L) or relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Methods: The CM was based on literature searches, review of CLL patient blogs/forums, interviews with expert hematologist...

Background and aims The RELIEF (Real Life) study by AstraZeneca was designed as an observational study to validate a series of Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires in a mixed population of subjects with neuropathic pain (NP) coming from diabetes, neurology and primary care clinics. This article is an analysis of a subset of the information...

Background: In the phase 3 SOLO2 trial (ENGOT Ov-21), maintenance therapy with olaparib tablets significantly prolonged progression-free survival (primary endpoint) compared with placebo in patients with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation and platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer who had received two or more lines of previous chemo...

Background The aim of this study was to explore the need for a new disease-specific patient reported outcome (PRO) measure for use in clinical trials of drugs designed to target the underlying causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and in the process contribute to our understanding of the symptoms and impacts that define the patient experience...

Background Few studies have evaluated patient perspectives on neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective Describe patient-reported clinical and treatment experience in NMOSD and compare disease characteristics of NMOSD with those of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This retrospective, observational study included 522...

5507 Background: The median PFS after chemotherapy in PSR SOC is less than 6 months in many patients. In SOLO2 (ENGOT Ov-21; NCT01874353), maintenance olaparib (O) given after response to chemotherapy resulted in a significant improvement in PFS vs placebo (P) in patients with g BRCAm PSR SOC (hazard ratio [HR] 0.30, 95% CI 0.22, 0.41; P<0.0001; me...

In an experiment we investigate preferences for allocation of a public good among group members who contributed unequally in providing the public good. Inducing the group goal of productivity resulted in preferences for equitable allocations, whereas inducing the group goals of harmony and social concern resulted in preferences for equal final outc...

Objective The emergence of various modes of administration for cancer treatment, including oral administration, brings into focus the importance of patient preference for administration. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the administration preferences of cancer patients, specifically between oral and intravenous (IV) treatment, as well a...

Background: Advances in ovarian cancer treatment have improved outcomes. However, the gap between patients' hopes and expectations and their actual outcomes remains an understudied aspect of treatment decision making. This gap has been noted to be a predictor of poorer health-related quality of life. Incorporating patient hopes and expectations fo...

Seventy-two undergraduates participating in a step-level asymmetric public good dilemma were requested to distribute the provided public good among the group members to achieve different group goals. In line with the hypotheses, economic productivity resulted in equitable allocations, harmony in equal allocations, and social concern in need-based a...

In two experiments, the authors investigated how differences in social value orientation predict evaluations of procedures that were accorded to self and others. Proselfs versus prosocials were either granted or denied an opportunity to voice an opinion in a decision-making process and witnessed how someone else was either granted or denied such an...

Cognition, abilities in activities of daily living (ADL), and behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) all influence the number of hours informal caregivers spend caring for their patients, and the burden caregivers experience. However, the direct effect and relative importance of each disease severity measure remains uncle...

This research examined reactions towards female rape victims from a system justification perspective. Study 1 demonstrated that gender-related system justification motivation (Modern Sexism) predicted the propensity to blame a female rape victim among men, but not among women. Modern sexism predicted rape victim blaming among men even when statisti...

In a survey questionnaire, 81 Swedish managers working in the private and public sectors were presented with scenarios in which a manager chose among inefficient (i.e., economically worse) alternatives, implying equal rewards to subordinates; and efficient (i.e., economically better) alternatives, implying unequal rewards. The managers also rated 2...

One hundred and ninety participants (95 undergraduates and 95 employees) responded to a factorial survey in which a number of case-based organizational allocation tasks were described. Participants were asked to imagine themselves as employees in fictitious organizations and chose among three allocations of employee-development schemes invested by...

New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas Edited by Anders Biel, Daniel Eek, Tommy Garling, and Mathias Gustafson Psykologiska Instutitionen, Gotenburg University, Gotenburg, Sweden This edited volume has been compiled to present new theoretical and methodological developments in the field of social dilemma research. Social dilemmas...

A friend of one of this chapter’s authors once checked in at a conference hotel together with a colleague. The hotel was posh and expensive, but because the prices were heavily subsidized, both had made reservations for the best rooms (“class A”). However, something had gone wrong with the reservations. Only one of the best rooms was available, as...

In everyday life, people often encounter situations where their personal interests are at odds with the welfare of a larger collective to which they belong. What seems to be an individually rational choice may later have detrimental effects on the wellbeing of the group. Such conflicts of interest are referred to as social dilemmas (Dawes, 1980). S...

Previous research has not been conclusive as to whether people prefer different or identical allocation principles in distributions of positive and negative outcomes. Thus, in this study, the question of whether or not group goal accounts for preferred allocation of positive and negative outcomes was posed. As hypothesized for division of surpluses...

The main question addressed in this paper is how the great variation in the level of social trust in different countries can be explained. Most empirical research on this question has been based on survey data which has limitations when it comes to capturing the causal mechanisms. Building on theories that point to the importance of trustworthy gov...

Three experiments examined the hypothesis that in an asymmetric social dilemma, perceived fairness of the distribution promotes cooperation. In support of the hypothesis, Studies 1 and 2 showed that willingness to voluntarily and anonymously pay for child care was related to ratings of perceived fairness of equal and equitable distributions of the...

Existing theories of social value orientations posit that prosocials maximize joint outcomes whereas proselfs maximize outcomes to themselves. Three studies employing a total of 157 undergraduates were conducted to test the alternative hypothesis that prosocials prefer equal outcomes to maximizing joint outcome. In study 1 participants completed th...

Social-dilemma research has shown that imposing sanctions on defection may increase cooperation, a principle behind attempts to solve real-world social dilemmas. Yet sanctioning systems are often difficult to implement: They are unpopular and often have large surveillance and enforcement costs. A new sanctioning system, intentionally punishing defe...

An important problem for decision-makers in society deals with the efficient and equitable allocation of scarce resources to individuals and groups. The significance of this problem is rapidly growing since there is a rising demand for scarce resources all over the world. Such resource dilemmas belong to a conceptually broader class of situations k...

Swedish employees who are temporarily absent from work are compensated for the loss of income from the governmentally regulated sickness insurance. During the 1990s, when the societal costs for covering sickness absence raised dramatically, the sickness insurance underwent several changes, which raised questions about how people reacted to the chan...

A group of 49 undergraduate business school and 46 undergraduate psychology students and a group of 95 employees at different companies responded to a number of case-based organizational allocation tasks. Imagining themselves as employees in the organizations described, participants chose the fairest and the best out of four allocations in either a...

The Greed–Efficiency–Fairness hypothesis (H. A. M. Wilke, In European Review of Social Psychology, Wiley, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 165–187, 1991) states that people in resource dilemmas are greedy and wish to defect, but that greed is constrained by preferences for efficient resource use and fair distributions. This paper reviews research where the GE...

This research investigates the role of intermittent monetary costs in restraining individuals from defection in social dilemmas. In Experiment 1, 104 car owners made fictitious choices between a slow and a fast travel mode in the context of a continuous social dilemma. There were four different conditions of monetary costs for choosing the fast mod...

A conceptual framework is presented that may be utilized when analyzing changes in household travel arising from the range of potential measures available to policy makers. The proposed framework draws on goal setting theory in order to understand how travel is influenced by the impact various travel demand management (TDM) measures have on time, c...

T. The fairness effect on cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas when equality is perceived as unfair. Göteborg Psychological Reports, 1999, 29, No. 2. In three experiments the hypothesis was examined that in an asymmetric social dilemma perceived fairness of the distribution promotes cooperation. In support of the hypothesis, the results of Exp...

This chapter discusses different perspectives and trends in social decision making, especially the actual processes used by humans when they make decisions in their everyday lives or in business situations. The chapter uses cognitive psychological techniques to break down these processes and set them in their social context. Most of our decisions a...

Public-goods dilemmas are characterized by conflicts between self-interest and the welfare of a group or society at large. Research has identified several factors that enhance cooperation in such dilemmas. However, less is known about how concern for distributive justice affects willingness to contribute in asymmetric public-goods dilemmas. To test...

Eek, D. To work or not to work? A social dilemma analysis of health insurance. Göteborg Psychological Reports, 1998, 28, No. 3. In an experiment simulating the health insurance system, the Greed-Efficiency-Fairness-hypothesis (GEF hypothesis) (H. A. M. Wilke, 1991) concerning factors affecting cooperation in social dilemmas was investigated. Forty-...

With the aim of investigating factors affecting willingness to pay for municipality child care, a survey was undertaken in Sweden of 1840 parents living in five municipalities of different sizes. On the basis of the greed-efficiency-fairness hypothesis (Wilke, 1991) which is supported by results from experimental social dilemma research, it was hyp...

In an attempt to generalize the GEF hypothesis (H. A. M. Wilke, 1991) to a real-life public-goods dilemma, the main question asked in three studies was whether perceived distributive fairness affects willingness to pay for community child care. In the first study, attitudes towards whether the quality of child care should be distributed equally to...