Daniel Guy Cassard

French Geological Survey | BRGM · Direction des Géoressources

The European Union aspires to reducing its import dependency on raw materials, especially critical raw materials (CRM) that are essential to Europe's industries. In 2010, the European Commission identified 14 non-energy, non-agricultural raw materials as being critical. Criticality is based on both the scarcity/security of supply and the importance...

Batteries, electrical and electronic equipment, vehicles and mining waste contain both significant amounts and a large variety of raw materials, ranging from base metals to plastics, as well as precious metals and critical raw materials (CRMs). The EU is reliant on imports for many of these raw materials and aims to realise a Circular Economy. Secu...

This Report presents the recommendations arising from the ProSUM Project. It contains recommendations designed to continue to improve the knowledge base for secondary raw materials with the overarching objective of increasing recycling and supply of such materials. It specifically addresses data availability, data quality, data harmonisation, data...

MICA develops the EU-RMICP with an innovative visualization interface that guides the user to a ‘recipe’ for how to find answers to particular mineral raw material related questions. This is different from a database providing pre-formulated answers to questions: MICA offers an expert-designed pathway towards answers by means of an exhaustive catal...

The MICA Expert System is currently being developed in the frame of the H2020 MICA project; more precisely within its work package 6 entitled ‘The European Raw Materials Intelligence Capacity Platform (EU-RMICP)’ whose partners are BRGM, GeoZS, GEUS, GTK, JRC, LIG (Laboratoire d’Informatique de Grenoble) and NERC (BGS). The description of the proje...

The European Union aspires to reducing the import dependency of raw materials that are critical to its industries. In this respect, mineral resource information and data sharing by European Geological Surveys is crucial. In 2010, the European Commission identified 14 critical non-energy non-agricultural raw materials. This list was updated in 2014....

Depuis plusieurs années, le BRGM développe des méthodes de cartographie prédictive pour les ressources minérales, dont les objectifs sont i) de minimiser les conséquences de l’imprécision du positionnement géographique des objets et ii) de prendre en compte l’incomplétude des attributs retenus pour les calculs. Ces méthodes reposent sur les fréquen...

A la suite du choc pétrolier de 1973, et des inquiétudes qu’il a provoqué sur l’approvisionnement en matières premières minérales de la France, le Ministère de l’Industrie a confié au BRGM, dans le cadre de sa mission de service publique, la réalisation du programme de « l’Inventaire des ressources minérales du territoire national », de 1975 à 1991...

Depuis plusieurs années, le BRGM développe des méthodes de cartographie prédictive pour les ressources minérales, dont les objectifs sont i) de minimiser les conséquences de l’imprécision du positionnement géographique des objets et ii) de prendre en compte l’incomplétude des attributs retenus pour les calculs. Ces méthodes reposent sur les fréquen...

ProSUM – Latin for “I am useful” – aims to provide better information on raw materials from secondary origins. It focuses in particular on the content of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) from Batteries (BATT), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), End of Life Vehicles (ELV) and Mining Wastes (MIN) available for processing in Europe. Howeve...

Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre de la convention relative aux ressources minérales entre le Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Énergie (MEDDE) et le BRGM. Elle s'est attachée à mettre au point et à valider une méthodologie pour la réévaluation du potentiel minéral français incluant notamment la « reprise » des donnée...

Dans le cadre du « work package » 1 du projet européen ProMine, le BRGM (leader de ce work package) a réalisé, avec 11 partenaires européen, une base de données des gîtes minéraux décrivant les Ressources Minérales et une Carte Métallogénique à 1/ 1 500 000 de l’Europe. L’objectif principal était constitué par les ressources en « métaux critiques »...

This document is the Critical Raw Material (CRM) Map of Europe, version 3, released in December 2015 by EuroGeoSurvey’s Mineral Resources Expert Group. This map is an update of previous versions that were produced during the ProMine EU funded research project. It shows European mineral deposits from the ProMine Mineral Deposit database as containin...

In a global context of growing raw materials scarcity, the Valodem project, conducted by the French Geological Survey (BRGM) aimed identifying national mining wastes that could possibly be reprocessed to recover metallic commodities (base-but also strategic or critical metals). To achieve this goal, French data on mining wastes have been compiled f...

In this paper, we address the characterization task and we present a general framework for the characterization of a target set of objects by means of their own properties, but also the properties of objects linked to them. According to the kinds of objects, various links can be considered. For instance, in the case of relational databases, associa...

We provide a general framework for learning characterization rules of a set of objects in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) relying on the definition of distance quantified paths. Such expressions specify how to navigate between the different layers of the GIS starting from the target set of objects to characterize. We have defined a generality...

A major objective of the ProMine project was to develop a Pan-EU GIS data management and visualization system for natural and man-made mineral endowment and the implementation of a Pan-EU predictive resource assessment, and thus to provide a renewed picture of European metallogeny. To reach this objective, ProMine work package 1 produced pan-Europe...

Traiter des ressources minérales d'un bassin versant, le bassin Adour-Garonne, est une approche originale et peu commune en métallogénie. En effet, si on laisse de côté les ressources énergétiques pétrolières et gazières, l'essentiel des ressources métalliques et leurs accompagnateurs sont situés sur les bordures du bassin, dans les provinces métal...

Cell Based Association is an innovative mineral favorability procedure designed to answer special needs of the mining industry in data wise critical situations where usual favorability methods may not yield satisfactory results. Those situations relate to input data quality (e.g. clustered points, mixed and scarce data, approximate location) or som...

The EU-FP7 project EURARE 'Development of a sustainable exploitation scheme for Europe's Rare Earth ore deposits' will develop an operational data management distributed system based on high-level interoperability standards. Using advances made in EU-FP7 former projects such as OneGeology-Europe, ProMine and EuroGeoSource, ongoing projects like Min...

Europe consists of a broad range of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, in varying tectonic settings and geological ages, hosting an essential number of Rare Earth Element (REE) mineral occurrences. These can basically be divided in two broad categories: i) primary deposits associated with igneous and hydrothermal processes (e.g. carbonati...

Abstract In this paper, we propose QUANTMINER, a mining quantitative association rules system. This system is based on a genetic algorithm that dynamically discovers "good" intervals in association rules by optimizing both the support and the confidence. The experiments on real and artificial databases have shown the usefulness of QUANTMINER as an...

Contact author: G. Bellenfant, email: g.bellenfant@brgm.fr Mine Closure 2013, Cornwall, UK | 571 G. Bellenfant Mine Safety and Risk Prevention Department, BRGM, France A.G. Guezennec Water, Environment and Ecotechnology Division, BRGM, France F. Bodenan Water, Environment and Ecotechnology Division, BRGM, France P. D’Hugues Water, Environment and E...

In France, a recently started project handled by the French geological survey (BRGM) is aimed at identifying interesting old mining wastes deposits at the national level and assessing the metal recovery potential of these dumps. By crossing several databases and information from BRGM archives, 95 old mining sites with sizeable tailings dumps were i...

In France, a recently started project handled by the French geological survey (BRGM) is aimed at identifying interesting old mining wastes deposits at the national level and assessing the metal recovery potential of these dumps. By crossing several databases and information from BRGM archives, 95 old mining sites with sizeable tailings dumps were i...

ProMine is a European Union (EU) co-funded project, focused on “Innovative concepts and processes for strategic mineral supply and for new high added value mineral-based products”. It started in 2009, for a four years period, and involves 27 partners from 11 countries. A first major result from the project is the release of the collaboratively deve...

The development of a GIS based data management and visualization system for mineral and man-made resources and the realization of a predictive resource assessment is part of the ProMine project. In order to achieve this objective three types of datasets are being created: - Assessment of primary and secondary/anthropogenic mineral resources (inclu...

Warning: this map was derived from the April 2012 version of the ProMine Mineral Deposits(MD) database. It therefore does not include subsequent updates of the database.

Warning: this map was derived from the April 2012 version of the ProMine Anthropogenic Concentrations (AC) database. It therefore does not include subsequent updates of the database.

EarthResourceML v2.0 (ERML) (http://www.earthresourceml.org) is the latest version of the CGI-IUGS Interoperability Working Group earth resource data interchange standard. The CGI-IUGS IWG has worked with INSPIRE to modify the standard to meet EU requirements, and ERML now forms the basis of the INSPIRE Mineral Resources data specification. ERML...

World data on (i) CO2-emission sites and (ii) ore deposits in mafic/ultramafic (M/UM) rock contexts have been crossed through a GIS (under ArcGIS) in order to identify sites of potential interest for implementing the ex-situ carbonation method. Applying relevant criteria, such as the nature and quantity of mining waste, volumes of CO2 e mission, di...

The 2,430 Ma Burakovsky layered complex, located in Karelia, Russia, is one of the largest layered Fennoscandian intrusions. It consists, from the base to the top, of a thick ultramafic part dominated by dunite and peridotite overlain by a layered mafic part that consists of alternating layers of pyroxenite, wehrlite and gabbro (Transitional Banded...

Deux milliards d'années nous contemplent lorsqu'il est question de la Guyane. Ce sous-sol précambrien du bouclier des Guyanes possède une histoire riche, complexe et des ressources minérales que les géologues scrutent attentivement depuis des décennies. L'or, le fer, la bauxite, le diamant et d'autres substances sont présentes du Venezuela au Brési...

Warning: this map was derived from the October 2011 version of the ProMine Mineral Deposits(MD) database. It therefore does not include subsequent updates of the database. The list of 14 critical commodities is based on the report published by the European Commission, DG Entreprise and Industry: "The raw materials initiative - Critical raw material...

Structural studies of the Saint-Salvy zinc deposit and other Hercynian, veinhosted ore deposits in the French Massif Central and Pyrénées reveal a fourstage evolution of mineralized structures under rheological control: (i) localization of potential mineralized areas, guided by the presence of first-order lithological or structural heterogeneities...

Relationship between ore genesis, plate tectonics and mantle dynamics are now well established as evidenced by the strong correlation between plate boundaries and ore deposit distribution. Magmatism and ore deposit spatial distribution in SE Europe, along Tethysian convergent margin, occur in relatively narrow belts that can be correlated to the hi...

Relationship between ore genesis and plate tectonics are now well established as evidenced by the strong correlation between plate boundaries and ore deposit distribution (e.g., Pereira and Dixon, 1971; Mitchell and Garson, 1972; Sillitoe, 1972b). At Tethysian convergent margin, mineralization is seen along past subduction zone where a large variet...

Relationship between ore genesis and plate tectonics are now well established as evidenced by the strong correlation between plate boundaries and ore deposit distribution. Three main stages of metallogenic evolution seem to be related to Neothethys closure and induced subduction dynamics changes. The striking feature of Hellenic slab is a narrow co...

Recent advances in geosciences make more and more multidisciplinary data available for mining exploration. This allowed developing methodologies for computing forecast ore maps from the statistical combination of such different input parameters, all based on an inverse problem theory. Numerous statistical methods (e.g. algebraic method, weight of e...

In the spatial-integrated socioeconomic model field, a multi-agent approach is appropriate for supporting applications modelled at a detailed territory scale, but it is less used than other approaches when supporting applications modelled at a larger scale. One possibility would be to have a more generic platform that is capable of supporting both...

Проблемы формирования крупных месторождений золота в последнее время получили приоритетный статус. Сегодняшний запрос к металлогеническому прогнозированию золоторудных месторождений на территории России требует разработки теоретических основ количественной металлогении, основанной на анализе комплекса геолого-геофизических данных. Пространственный...

A comprehensive overview of the French Guiana's gold-mining activities along with a reliable gold predictivity map has been obtained as part of the ‘Mineral Resources of French Guiana’ GIS (3396 gold sites listed). The gold mining is almost exclusively in alluvial and eluvial deposits, with primary deposits representing only 2% of the inventoried g...

The realistic estimation of goldmining in French Guiana requires including the numerous illegal gold washing activities in predictivity mapping. The combination of a classical approach, based on the algebraic method of Knox‐Robinson and Groves, with innovative processing grid‐type geochemical and radiometric data, as well as cluster analysis techni...

The heat‐and‐mass flow from the mantle to the surface can be characterized by the three basic models. The first one represents just a convective heating of the crust by the hot mantle. Two other kinds of the heat‐and‐mass flow system are rather anomalous and sometimes serve as an engine for launching ore‐forming processes. The second model describe...

“Largest Mineral Deposits of the World” NavigaSIG CD-ROM is a new original synthesis on metallogeny which contains both a viewer system allowing to combine several informational layers with metallogenic data and some analytical results (tables, charts) providing initial information on distribution of large and superlarge non-fuel mineral deposits....

Main Mineral Deposits of Europe. 2007

Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are very useful tools for managing, checking, and organizing spatial information–from many sources and of many types–in thematic layers. Processing of these data enables exploration-oriented GISs to produce potential and predictive maps for a given commodity, which constitute documents of real use in decision-m...

The epithermal Shila-Paula Au–Ag district is characterized by numerous veins hosted in Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Western Cordillera (southern Peru). Field studies of the ore bodies reveal a systematic association of a main E–W vein with secondary N55–60W veins—two directions that are also reflected by the orientation of fluid-inclusion planes...

Studying of crust-scale geological features very often is being done using gravity data, and the spectral separation is quite traditional for that purpose. In the case under study, the target of researches is to outline geophysical objects related with mafic and ultramafic intrusions. As far as such intrusions connected with mantle matter supply, i...

In this paper, we show how neural networks can be applied to Geographic Information System (GIS) for feature selection. Precisely, we want to select the most relevant variables in a classification task between gold deposits and deposits without gold by applying pruning neural methods to a GIS Andes dataset. Two families of pruning methods based on...

BRGM's GIS Andes, a comprehensive continental-scale metallogenic information system for the entire Andes Cordillera, is based on original syntheses structured into thematic layers. The aim of developing the GIS was to produce an integrated tool to understand ore deposit localization in the Andes. A fundamental question arising at the outset was whe...

The GIS (Geographic Information System) Central Europe, in support of the Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinarides (ABCD) GEODE Project, is composed of spatially referenced geographical, geological, geophysical, geochemical and mineral deposit thematic layers, and their respective attribute data. It has been created to establish insights in the region's...

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.

The GIS (Geographic Information System) Central Europe, in support of the Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinarides (ABCD) GEODE Project, is composed of spatially referenced geographical, geological, geophysical, geochemical and mineral deposit thematic layers, and their respective attribute data. It has been created to establish insights in the region's...

In this paper, we address the characterization task and we present a general framework for the characterization of a target set of objects by means of their own properties, but also the properties of objects linked to them. According to the kinds of objects, various links can be considered. For instance, in the case of relational databases, associa...

This study is concerned with understanding of the formation of ore deposits (precious and base metals) and contributes to the exploration and discovery of new occurrences using artificial neural networks. From the different digital data sets available in BRGM's GIS Andes (a comprehensive metallogenic continental-scale Geographic Information System)...

Among data mining tasks, characterization does not attract much attention from researchers, in comparison to classification. It seems to us an interesting task, since it does not require negative examples, which may be a strong requirement for real applications. In this paper, we present a general framework for the characterization of a target set...

The extractive industry, for many Central and South-eastern European countries, has long been an essential component for industrial development, and geology (in its broadest sense) a discipline of the utmost importance. Today, the entire industrial sector in Central and South-eastern Europe must adapt itself to a much more competitive economy. Curr...

Structural analyses along selected transects across the Menderes Massif and incorporation of existing data have resulted in a synthetic cross section across southwestern Turkey. The tectonic interpretation has been combined with 40Ar/39Ar laser-probe experiments on two syn-kinematic white mica populations, which, respectively, predate and overprint...

The Au-Ag epithermal mineralization of the Shila Cordillera is dated at about 10.7 Ma (K/Ar on adularia). The vein system is characterized by the association of a major east-west vein and N120-135°E secondary fractures. The strike-slip faults controlling the veins indicate an initial NE-SW to ENE-WSW shortening direction, which is compatible with t...