Daniel J. Beal

Daniel J. Beal
Virginia Tech | VT · Department of Management

PhD

About

48
Publications
104,338
Reads
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9,085
Citations
Additional affiliations
August 2011 - present
July 2004 - June 2011
Rice University
September 2000 - June 2004
Purdue University West Lafayette
Education
August 1994 - September 2000
Tulane University
Field of study
  • Psychological Science

Publications

Publications (48)
Article
Frugal individuals are known as restrained and disciplined spenders but also exhibit strong deal-seeking tendencies. The unexpected presentation of a deep discount brings these facets of frugality into apparent conflict. How might frugal consumers resolve this conflict? Qualitative analysis of interviews with frugal consumers (study 1) led us to fo...
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Past research on employee trust and diversity climate is cross-sectional and often overlooks the distinction between overall unit climate and individual perceptions of climate. The current article addresses the complex relationship between trust and diversity climate, including directionality, evolution over time, multilevel characteristics, and in...
Chapter
The fields of business span diverse content areas including accounting, analytics, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, information technology, leadership, logistics, negotiation, sales, strategic management and marketing, and the more behavioral wings of the disciplines of those respective areas such as consumer behavior and behavioral accounting...
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Uncertainty exists within a small constellation of core constructs that are central to the study of entrepreneurship. And yet, despite the common agreement and consensus that uncertainty plays a central role in entrepreneurship theory and research, there are important unresolved debates around several key questions including conflicting views on th...
Chapter
The automation of jobs and job tasks will impact the type of work that is available and how this work gets done in the twenty-first century. At the same time, the global workforce is aging. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the confluence of these two factors—the aging labor force and the automation of job tasks. In particular, we describe...
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Replication research holds an increasingly important place in modern psychological science. If such work is to improve the state of knowledge rather than add confusion, however, replication attempts must be held to high standards of rigor. As an example of how replication attempts can add confusion rather than clarity, we consider an article by Sha...
Article
In the organizational sciences, scholars are increasingly using experience sampling methods (ESM) to answer questions tied to intra-individual, dynamic phenomenon. However, employing this method to answer organizational research questions comes with a number of complex—and often difficult—decisions surrounding: (1) how the implementation of ESM can...
Article
To appear in the inaugural volume of Research in Human Resource Management (http://www.infoagepub.com/series/Research-in-Human-Resource-Management) In recent decades, organizational scholars have increasingly recognized that many, if not most jobs involve frequent feats of emotion regulation to ensure successful performance and accelerate career p...
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The goal of this article is to clarify the conceptual, methodological, and practical issues that frequently emerge when conducting longitudinal research, as well as in the journal review process. Using a panel discussion format, the current authors address 13 questions associated with 3 aspects of longitudinal research: conceptual issues, research...
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The use of experience sampling methods (ESM) and related techniques has exploded in organizational research. The goals of this review are to provide a focused perspective on the state of the art in using ESM and set the stage for what ESM will look like in the years to come. First, I provide a conceptually based discussion of exactly what is and wh...
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Past research shows that men respond to women differently depending on where women are in their ovulatory cycle. But what leads men to treat ovulating women differently? We propose that the ovulatory cycle alters women's flirting behavior. We tested this hypothesis in an experiment in which women interacted with different types of men at different...
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This article explores the role of within-person fluctuations in employees' daily surface acting and subsequent personal energy resources in the performance of organizational citizenship behaviors directed toward other individuals in the workplace (OCBI). Drawing on ego depletion theory (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000), we develop a resource-based model...
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Work recovery research has focused mainly on how after-work break activities help employees replenish their resources and reduce fatigue. Given that employees spend a considerable amount of time at work, understanding how they can replenish their resources during the workday is critical. Drawing on ego depletion (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) and sel...
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Regulating emotions is one of the most depleting activities that customer service employees are asked to do, but not all employees get burned out by the end of an emotionally laborious day. In the current study, affect spin-the trait variability of an individual's affective states-was hypothesized to increase strain and fatigue associated with emot...
Article
Daily affect often is determined by unpredictable events, but also has predictable components. We describe how the simultaneous modeling of overall affect level, cyclical variation in affect, and the occurrence of affective events can provide a clearer understanding of how affective well-being fluctuates over time. We examined intrinsic task motiva...
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In contrast to traditional conceptualizations of organizational justice as representing isolated judgments stemming from a “cold” rational calculus, justice judgments are instead part of a “hot” and affectively laden appraisal process, emerging over time through the interplay of work and nonwork experiences as well as through emotions and moods. Th...
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We used an experimental design to examine the intrapersonal and interpersonal processes through which neutral display rules, compared to positive display rules, influence objective task performance of poll workers and ratings provided by survey respondents of the poll workers. Student participants (N = 140) were trained to adhere to 1 of the 2 disp...
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Conspicuous consumption is a form of economic behavior in which self-presentational concerns override desires to obtain goods at bargain prices. Showy spending may be a social signal directed at potential mates. We investigated such signals by examining (a) which individuals send them, (b) which contexts trigger them, and (c) how observers interpre...
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This article reviews research examining the influence of diversity on conflict and cooperation within the context of the workplace. In particular, we describe how heterogeneity in surface characteristics, such as race and gender, as well as deeper characteristics, such as affect, experience, and knowledge, relate to key workgroup processes and outc...
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Emotional antecedents of schadenfreude—joy experienced when observing another's downfall—were investigated in a status consumption context. Across 3 studies, status product failure produced schadenfreude and led to intentions to spread negative word-of-mouth (studies 1, 2), and increased negative affect and overall negative attitudes toward the sta...
Article
Extreme response style (ERS) refers to the tendency to overuse the endpoints of Likert-type scales. This study examined the extent to which ERS is accounted for by measures of personality, specifically, intolerance of ambiguity, simplistic thinking, and decisiveness. One hundred and sixteen pairs of undergraduate students and one of their respectiv...
Article
Previous research on obesity stereotyping has almost extensively involved looking at the perceptions that 5-21-year-old individuals have toward members of their own age in-group. Very little research has examined how people perceive obesity across the lifespan. The current research begins to address this gap by examining the extent to which individ...
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Drawing on the emotional labor and work recovery literatures, we examined the relationship between workday break activities and emotional experiences and the role these variables play in the performance of positive affective displays in service interactions. In results based on data collected from 64 cheerleading instructors via experience sampling...
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In multilevel analyses, problems may arise when using Likert-type scales at the lowest level of analysis. Specifically, increases in variance should lead to greater censoring for the groups whose true scores fall at either end of the distribution. The current study used simulation methods to examine the influence of single-item Likert-type scale us...
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This study examined emotional labor processes from a within-person, episodic framework. The authors hypothesized that the influence of negative emotions on affective delivery would be lessened by regulation strategies for supervisor perceptions but not self-perceptions. In addition, difficulty maintaining display rules was hypothesized to mediate t...
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Daily dairies, also known as experience sampling methods (ESM) or everyday experience methods, are a common methodology utilized to provide insight into momentary psychological processes. Traditionally, such studies often have utilized paper-and-pencil surveys administered several times each day over a span of several days or weeks. However, advanc...
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In this article, the authors present a model linking immediate affective experiences to within-person performance. First, the authors define a time structure for performance (the performance episode) that is commensurate with the dynamic nature of affect. Next, the authors examine the core cognitive and regulatory processes that determine performan...
Article
In the few years since the appearance of Affective Events Theory (AET), organizational research on emotions has continued its accelerating pace and incorporated many elements of the macrostructure suggested by AET. In this chapter we reflect upon the original intentions of AET, review the literature that has spoken most directly to these intentions...
Article
Given conflicting recommendations in the literature, this report seeks to present a standard protocol for applying principal components analysis (PCA) to event-related potential (ERP) datasets. The effects of a covariance versus a correlation matrix, Kaiser normalization vs. covariance loadings, truncated versus unrestricted solutions, and Varimax...
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INTRODUCTION, The study of affect in work settings, and particularly the study of the performance implications of affective states, has a long but especially disappointing history. We say disappointing for a number of reasons. First, even the smallest amount of reflection will convince anyone that organizations are settings of emotional intensity....
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Previous meta-analytic examinations of group cohesion and performance have focused primarily on contextual factors. This study examined issues relevant to applied researchers by providing a more detailed analysis of the criterion domain. In addition, the authors reinvestigated the role of components of cohesion using more modern meta-analytic metho...
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Although ecological momentary assessment and experience sampling methods have been in use in other areas of the social and medical sciences for many years, organizational researchers have not taken advantage of these techniques. To rectify this situation, the authors examine the benefits and difficulties of ecological momentary assessment and offer...
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This study documents how the use of A. I. Huffcutt & W. A. Arthur's (1995) sample adjusted meta-analytic deviancy (SAMD) statistic for identifying outliers in correlational meta-analyses results in inaccuracies in mean r. Monte Carlo simulations found that use of the SAMD resulted in the overidentification of small relative to large correlations as...
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This study documents how the use of A. I. Huffcutt & W. A. Arthur's (1995) sample adjusted meta-analytic deviancy (SAMD) statistic for identifying outliers in correlational meta-analyses results in inaccuracies in mean r. Monte Carlo simulations found that use of the SAMD resulted in the overidentification of small relative to large correlations as...
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Conversational conventions predict that receivers weigh later information more heavily than earlier information because they presume that communicators add later information only when it is particularly relevant and important. Drawing on Pettigrew's observation of the ultimate attribution error, the present research predicted that intergroup bias c...
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Modern racists are theorized to have negative affect and attitudes toward African Americans yet be motivated to avoid appearing prejudiced. Thus, they may behave toward African Americans in covert ways. This hypothesis was tested using both an overt and covert measure of aggression in a competitive reaction-time task. Experiment 1 found that high m...
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A common practice in applications of structural equation modeling techniques is to create composite measures from individual items. The purpose of this article was to provide an empirical comparison of several composite formation methods on model fit. Data from 1, 177 public school teachers were used to test a model of union commitment in which alt...
Article
Male undergraduates completed the Bem Sex RoleInventory (BSRI) as they are (actual), as others thoughtthey should be (ought), as they thought they should beideally (ideal), and then rated the importance of each item. Discrepancy scores were derivedby subtracting actual from either ought (oughtdiscrepancy) or from ideal (ideal discrepancy) andweight...
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Este Documento es producto del trabajo de Académicos del Departamento de Administración Our overall objective in this paper is to examine the way in which experiences and conditions outside the work domain, such as marital relations, financial circumstances, community support, and social networks, affect job performance. That our lives outside the...

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