Damián Leonardo Arévalo-MartínezRadboud University | RU · Department of Microbiology
Damián Leonardo Arévalo-Martínez
PhD
About
49
Publications
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Introduction
I am an aquatic biogeochemist with over ten years of experience in Environmental and Earth Sciences. My research focuses on improving the understanding of the cycling of climate-relevant trace gases (e.g. CO2, CH4, N2O, CO) and their exchange fluxes across the boundaries between hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere. I am also interested in land-ocean connectivity processes through groundwater. Regionally I focus in low-oxygen environments as well as subpolar-polar marine ecosystems.
Skills and Expertise
Additional affiliations
November 2020 - December 2020
December 2015 - October 2020
Publications
Publications (49)
Plain Language Summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly known as “laughing gas,” is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes both to Earth's warming and to the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Typically, N2O is produced in the water column as a result of microbial decay of organic matter (under low oxygen conditions) and then it is transferred...
In the current era of rapid climate change, accurate
characterization of climate-relevant gas dynamics – namely
production, consumption, and net emissions – is required
for all biomes, especially those ecosystems most susceptible
to the impact of change. Marine environments include
regions that act as net sources or sinks for numerous climateactive...
Human activities are changing the Arctic environment at an unprecedented rate resulting in rapid warming, freshening, sea ice retreat and ocean acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Trace gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) play important roles in both the atmospheric reactivity and radiative budget of the Arctic and thus have a high p...
For millennia, humans have gravitated towards coastlines for their resource potential and as geopolitical centres for global trade. A basic requirement ensuring water security for coastal communities relies on a delicate balance between the supply and demand of potable water. The interaction between freshwater and saltwater in coastal settings is,...
Methane (CH4) is a climate‐relevant trace gas that is emitted from the open and coastal oceans in considerable amounts. However, its distribution in remote oceanic areas is largely unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, dissolved CH4 was measured at nine stations at 75°S in the Ross Sea during austral summer in January 2020. CH4 undersaturation (mean...
Carbon monoxide (CO) influences the radiative budget and oxidative capacity of the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean, which is a source of atmospheric CO. Yet, oceanic CO cycling is understudied in this area, particularly in view of the ongoing rapid environmental changes. We present results from incubation experiments conducted in the Fram Strait i...
For millennia humans have gravitated towards coastlines for their resource potential and as geopolitical centres for global trade. A basic requirement ensuring water security for coastal communities relies on a delicate balance between the supply and demand of potable water. The interaction between freshwater and saltwater in coastal settings is, t...
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) have been suggested as a suitable niche for the oxygen-sensitive process of biological fixation of dinitrogen (N2) gas. However, most N2 fixation rates reported from such waters are low. This low N2 fixation activity has been proposed to result from the unusual community of N2 fixers, in which cyanobacteria were typicall...
Dissolved methane (CH4) was measured at 9 stations along a transect at 75° S in the Ross Sea during austral summer in January 2020. CH4 undersaturation (mean: 82 ± 20 %) was found in the water column, with a mean air-sea CH4 flux density of −0.58 ± 0.48 μmol m−2 day−1, which suggests that the Ross Sea was a net sink for atmospheric CH4 during the a...
Upward transport and/or mixing of trace gas‐enriched subsurface waters fosters the exchange of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) with the atmosphere in the Eastern‐South Atlantic (ESA). To date, it is, however, unclear whether this source is maintained by local production or advection of trace gas‐enriched water masses. The meridional and zonal...
Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and carbon monoxide (CO) are climate-relevant trace gases that play key roles in the radiative budget of the Arctic atmosphere. Under global warming, Arctic sea ice retreats at an unprecedented rate, altering light penetration and biological communities, and potentially affect DMS and CO cycling in the Arctic Ocean. This cou...
From 2008 to 2019, a comprehensive research project, ‘SFB 754, Climate – Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean,’ was funded by the German Research Foundation to investigate the climate-biogeochemistry interactions in the tropical ocean with a particular emphasis on the processes determining the oxygen distribution. During three 4-year...
From 2008 through 2019, a comprehensive research project, SFB 754, Climate – Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean, was funded by the German Research Foundation to investigate the climate-biogeochemistry interactions in the tropical ocean with a particular emphasis on the processes determining the oxygen distribution. During three 4-ye...
The southwestern basin of the Indian Ocean (SWIO) remains a rather under-sampled region with regard to nitrogen-cycle processes. Here we present the results of extensive nitrous oxide (N2O) measurements as well as the first reported open ocean measurements of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). Enhanced N2O sea-to-air fluxes were found in the zonal band between...
Oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs) are major sites of net natural
nitrous oxide (N2O) production and emissions. In order to understand
changes in the magnitude of N2O production in response to global
change, knowledge on the individual contributions of the major microbial
pathways (nitrification and denitrification) to N2O production and
their regulatio...
Oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) are major sites of net natural nitrous oxide (N2O) production and 15 emissions. In order to understand changes in the magnitude of N2O production in response to global change, knowledge on the individual contributions of the major microbial pathways (nitrification and denitrification) to N2O production and their regula...
Ground-based atmospheric observations of CO2, δ(O2∕N2), N2O, and CH4
were used to make estimates of the air–sea fluxes of these species from the Lüderitz and Walvis Bay upwelling cells in the northern Benguela region, during upwelling events. Average flux densities (±1σ) were 0.65±0.4 µmol m−2 s−1 for CO2, -5.1±2.5 µmol m−2 s−1 for O2 (as APO), 0.6...
The coastal upwelling regime off Peru in Decem-ber 2012 showed considerable vertical concentration gradients of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) across the top few meters of the ocean. The gradients were predominantly downward , i.e., concentrations decreased toward the surface. Ignoring these gradients causes a systematic error in regionally integrat...
The open ocean is a major source of nitrous oxide
(N2O), an atmospheric trace gas attributable to global warming and
ozone depletion. Intense sea-to-air N2O fluxes occur in major oceanic
upwelling regions such as the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP). The
ETSP is influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation that leads to
inter-annual variatio...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important atmospheric trace gas involved in tropospheric warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Estimates of the global ocean contribution to N2O emissions average 21% (range: 10 to 53%). Ongoing environmental changes such as warming, deoxygenation and acidification are affecting oceanic N2O cycling and emissions to th...
Ground-based atmospheric observations of CO2, δ(O2/N2), N2O, and CH4 were used to make top-down estimates of the air–sea fluxes of these species from the Lüderitz and Walvis Bay upwelling cells in the northern Benguela region, during upwelling events. Average flux densities (±1σ) were 0.64 ± 0.4 μmol m−2 sec−1 for CO2, −5.1 ± 1.4 μmol m−2 sec−1 for...
Hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH), a short-lived intermediate in the nitrogen cycle, is a potential precursor of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the ocean. However, measurements of NH 2 OH in the ocean are sparse. Here we present a data set of depth profiles of NH 2 OH from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the eastern tropical South Pacific and compare it to N 2 O...
The open ocean is a major source of atmospheric warming and ozone depleting gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Intense sea-to-air fluxes of N2O occur in major oceanic upwelling regions such as the Eastern Tropical South Pacific Ocean (ETSP). The ETSP is influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation that leads to inter-annual variations of physical, chemical...
Large-scale climatic forcing is impacting
oceanic biogeochemical cycles and is expected to influence the water-column
distribution of trace gases, including methane and nitrous oxide. Our ability
as a scientific community to evaluate changes in the water-column inventories
of methane and nitrous oxide depends largely on our capacity to obtain robus...
The coastal upwelling regime off Peru in December 2012 showed considerable concentration gradients of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) across the top few meters of the ocean. The gradients were predominantly downward, i.e. concentrations decreased toward the surface. Ignoring these gradients causes a systematic error in regionally integrated gas excha...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived compound of the marine nitrogen cycle. However, measurements of NO in seawater are analytically challenging and our knowledge about its oceanic distribution is, therefore, rudimentary. NO was measured in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean (ETSP) off Peru during R/V Meteor cru...
As a major source for atmospheric CO2, the Peruvian upwelling
region exhibits strong variability in surface fCO2 on short spatial and
temporal scales. Understanding the physical processes driving the strong
variability is of fundamental importance for constraining the effect of
marine emissions from upwelling regions on the global CO2 budget. In th...
While being a major source for atmospheric CO 2 , the Peruvian upwelling region exhibits strong variability in surface f CO 2 on short spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the physical processes driving the strong variability is of fundamental importance for constraining the effect of marine emissions from upwelling regions on the global CO 2...
The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant
sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is
currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation
sink. Tropical oceanic emissions have been proposed to close the resulting
gap in the atmospheric budget. We present a bottom-up...
The tropical Atlantic exerts a major influence in climate variability through strong air-sea interactions. Within this region, the eastern side of the equatorial band is characterized by strong seasonality, whereby the most prominent feature is the annual development of the Atlantic Cold Tongue (ACT). This band of low sea surface temperatures (∼22-...
The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation sink in top-down approaches. Oceanic emissions have been proposed to close the resulting gap in the atmospheric budget. We prese...
Depth profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured during six cruises
to the upwelling area and oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru in 2009 and
2012/2013, covering both the coastal shelf region and the adjacent open
ocean. N2O profiles displayed a strong sensitivity towards oxygen
concentrations. Open ocean profiles with distances to the shelf brea...
Recent observations in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) have shown the key role of meso- and submesoscale processes (e.g. eddies) in shaping its hydrographic and biogeochemical properties. Off Peru, elevated primary production from coastal upwelling in combination with sluggish ventilation of subsurface waters fuels a prominent oxygen mini...
The South African TRace gas Experiment (SATRE) took place on-board the German research vessel R/V Meteor from July 2013 to March 2014, including the cruises M98 to M104. The major goal of SATRE was to study the air-sea fluxes of climate-relevant trace gases – such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and carbon monoxide – in the waters around...
Depth profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured during six cruises to the upwelling area and oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru in 2009 and 2012/13, covering both the coastal shelf region and the adjacent open ocean. N2O profiles displayed a strong sensitivity towards oxygen concentrations. Open ocean profiles showed a transition from a broad m...
Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and a key compound in stratospheric ozone depletion. In the ocean, nitrous oxide is produced at intermediate depths through nitrification and denitrification, in particular at low oxygen concentrations. Although a third of natural emissions of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere originate from the ocean, conside...
Recent observations in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) demonstrated the key role of meso- and submesoscale processes (e.g. eddies) in shaping its hydrographic and biogeochemical properties. Off Peru, elevated primary production from coastal upwelling in combination with sluggish ventilation of subsurface waters fuels a prominent oxygen mi...
Recent observations in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) demonstrated the key role of meso- and submesoscale processes (e.g. eddies) in shaping its hydrographic and biogeochemical properties. Off Peru, elevated primary production from coastal upwelling in combination with sluggish ventilation of subsurface waters fuels a prominent oxygen mi...
A new system for continuous, highly resolved oceanic and atmospheric measurements of N2O, CO and CO2 is described. The system is based upon off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and a non-dispersive infrared analyzer (NDIR), both coupled to a Weiss-type equilibrator. Performance of the combined setup was evaluated by testing its...
A new system for continuous, highly-resolved oceanic and atmospheric measurements of N2O, CO and CO2 is described. The system is based upon off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and a non-dispersive infrared analyzer (NDIR) both coupled to a Weiss-type equilibrator. Performance of the combined setup was evaluated by testing its p...
In order to determine the influence of the ocean and atmospheric coupling dynamics on upwelling events, caused by Ekman's transport and by continental winds, as well as the possible fertilization effect produced by the increasing of the concentration of inorganic nutrients in coastal waters of Gaira's inlet, Magdalena department, during the minor d...
In order to determine the influence of the ocean and atmospheric coupling dynamics on upwelling events, caused by Ekman’s transport and by continental winds, as well as the possible fertilization effect produced by the increasing of the concentration of inorganic nutrients in coastal waters of Gaira’s inlet, Magdalena department, during the minor d...
Projects
Projects (3)
Our major goal with DYNOX is to elucidate the role of seasonal hypoxia as a driving mechanism for the exchange fluxes of nitrous oxide across the sediment-water-air interfaces in an anthropogenically impacted coastal system. The project will be conducted within the framework of a Marie Curie Fellowship at Radboud University (Nijmegen-Netherlands).
This project addresses the biogeochemical cycling of the climate-relevant trace gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) at the sea-air and sea-ice interfaces in the Arctic Ocean (AO). Although the ocean is generally acknowledged as an overall source of these gases, at regional and basin-scales there is a large range of variability in terms of their sources and sinks, which in turn, poses challenges to the accurate assessment of their role in the marine nitrogen and carbon cycles. Environmental changes such as warming and decrease in sea ice coverage are expected to affect production/consumption pathways of both N2O and CO, but the direction of the future trends is highly uncertain. In response to the particular sensitivity of the AO to climate change, we will conduct TRACE, a multidisciplinary study of pathways and emissions of these two gases within the context of the 2021 ODEN expedition, as an important contribution to the Synoptic Arctic Survey. TRACE aims to fill the gaps of both data coverage and process understanding with respect to the marine cycling of N2O and CO in the AO.
Several of the European nations are investing in the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). Finland, Sweden, and Germany are already partners of the ICOS ERIC with established infrastructure, other countries like Poland and Estonia are currently in the process of developing their strategy. While the overall aim of ICOS is to provide European-wide carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GG) concentration and flux data, an integration for the Baltic Sea region has not been pursued, and the added value of ICOS and related infrastructure for the Baltic Sea ecosystem assessment has not been exploited at all.
Within BONUS INTEGRAL, we will
- Integrate the different data streams of ICOS and related infrastructure in the pan-Baltic area,
- Provide best charts of seasonal carbon dioxide and GG flux over the Baltic Sea, including advanced remote sensing approaches,
- Integrate the carbon system into a high resolution 3D-model, which will allow for a better description of the biogeochemical coupling of eutrophication and deoxygenation,
- Demonstrate the added value for a better biogeochemical ecosystem status description of the Baltic Sea,
- Advice the implementation of ICOS in the southeastern countries of the Baltic, and actively promote components strengthening the value for Baltic Sea ecosystem status assessment,
- Develop, in close interaction with stakeholders, the strategy for a better, cost efficient monitoring approach for the Baltic Sea by integration of ICOS and related data.
