Dalma Castillo

• Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

Intercropping has been widely studied owing to its potential to increase crop production and improve soil properties. The combination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lupin (Lupinus albus L.), along with P fertilization, has shown promising results in enhancing wheat yield. This study investigated the effects o...

Andisols are the least extensive soil order, accounting for less than 1% of Earth´s surface. Chile occupies 50% of the country´s land area for cereal production and is of great importance to agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the performance of cereal production under intercropping in P-deficient Andisols. The objective of this stu...

The crop production sector faces the critical challenge of effectively managing weeds while reducing herbicide dependence, which aligns with environmental and economic sustainability. This chapter explores the shift toward site-specific weed management (SSWM), accelerated by artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies. Also, it addresses...

Context or problem: Despite its global significance as a highly nutritious food, the critical period for grain yield and grain protein determination of quinoa has not yet been identified. Objective or research question: This study aimed to determine the critical period of grain number, yield, and grain protein of quinoa in contrasting environments...

Despite advances in winter wheat breeding, root traits and root biological activity remain poorly understood and scarcely considered in breeding programs because the extraction of root systems is often considered complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Knowing and improving root traits and soil chemical conditions could increase the efficienc...

Main conclusion Leaf water potential, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited significant differences among genotypes, high environmental effects, but low heritability. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior harvest index and grain weight, compared to drought-susceptible ones. Abstract Physiological phe...

Background and Aims. The study aims to explore the impact of advancements in wheat genetics on root structure and rhizosphere biology, which are still not fully understood. Specifically, we investigated various factors including the exudation of carboxylates, colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, microbial activity, and root architecture in...

In this study, daily changes over a short period and diurnal progression of spectral reflectance at the leaf level were used to identify spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) susceptible to adverse conditions. Four genotypes were grown in pots experiments under semi-controlled conditions in Chile and Spain. Three treatments were applied: i)...

Triticale ( Triticosecale Wittm.) is cultivated in 42 countries with 2019 cropping areas ranging from 30 (Algeria) to 1,314,790 (Poland). The global triticale area in the last 5 years was 3.93 Mha (Fig. 13.1A), similar to the 4.25 Mha of rye (Secale cereale L.), but much lower than barley (49.05 Mha), rice (163.05 Mha), maize (195.99 Mha), and whea...

It is well known that phosphorus (P) addition helps mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit stress on plants. However, the efficiency of spring wheat genotypes in the use of both components has not been addressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of P and water limiting conditions over phosphorus use efficiency...

Durum wheat landraces have huge potential for the identification of genetic factors valuable for improving resistance to biotic stresses. Tunisia is known as a hot spot for Septoria tritici blotch disease (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici (Z. tritici). In this context, a collection of 3166 Mediterranean durum wheat landraces were eva...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse crop that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high nutritional content and ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Varieties from the coastal lowland ecotype are of particular interest due to their insensitivity to photoperiod and their potential to...

The onset and rate of senescence influence key agronomical traits, including grain yield (GY). Our objective was to assess the relationships between stay-green and GY in a set of fourteen spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting tolerance to water stress. Based on leaf chlorophyll content index (Chl) and normalized veget...

Both the temperate-humid zone and the southern part of the Mediterranean climate region of Chile are characterized by high wheat productivity. Study objectives were to analyze the yield potential, yield progress, and genetic progress of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and changes in agronomic and morphophysiological traits d...

Water deficit is the most limiting factor for wheat production, so wheat-breeding programmes are currently focused on developing high-performance genotypes under such conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination (∆¹³C) in grains is a trait closely related to yield and stress tolerance. However, conventional measurement of ∆¹³C is expensive, limiting i...

'Chevignon' is a winter wheat variety developed by ASUR Plant Breeding of France and introduced to Chile by the National Wheat Breeding Program at INIA Carillanca. The variety has medium plant height, intermediate cycle, with resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Erikss), and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis D.C. f....

Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) and lipoxygenase 1 (Lpx-1) are key genes involved in the synthesis and catalysis of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat, regulating the increase and decrease in these compounds, respectively, resulting in the distinct yellow color of semolina and pasta. Here, we reported new haplotype variants and/or allele combinations of...

Intercropping could increase the capacity of crops to use soil resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lupin/wheat intercropping on soil properties, grain yield and nutrient uptake at different plant densities. Lupin and wheat were grown under field conditions as monocrops and intercrops. Soil nutrient availability and re...

In Chile, durum wheat is cultivated in high-yielding Mediterranean environments, therefore breeding programs have selected cultivars with high yield potential in addition to grain quality. The genetic progress in grain yield (GY) between 1964 and 2010 was 72.8 kg ha⁻¹ per year. GY showed a positive and significant correlation with days to heading,...

Emperador INIA is a winter triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) variety introduced from Nordsaat Saarzucht GmbH of Germany by the National Wheat Breeding Program at INIA Carillanca, Chile. It has a postrate growth habit during the tiller stage, and its leaves are of pale green color. The veg etative period from sowing to flowering sown in May, is a...

Canopy temperature (Tc) by thermal imaging is a useful tool to study plant water status and estimate other crop traits. This work seeks to estimate grain yield (GY) and carbon discrimination (Δ¹³C) from stress degree day (SDD = Tc − air temperature, Ta), considering the effect of a number of environmental variables such as the averages of the maxim...

‘Kiron INIA’ is a new wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the National Wheat Program at the Regional Experimental Center (CRI) Carillanca of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA). The cultivar has medium plant height and late cycle; it is resistant to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Erikss) and...

In Mediterranean climates soil water deficit occurs mainly during the spring and summer, having a great impact on cereal productivity. While previous studies have indicated that the grain yield (GY) of triticale is usually higher than bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), comparatively little is known about the performance of these crops under water-...

Principal component analysis (PCA) of physiological and agronomic traits determined in triticale (Trit) and wheat (Wh) in different environments. Symbols represent the combination of species, water regime (WW, well-watered; WL, water-limited), site (CAU, Cauquenes; SR, Santa Rosa), and year (2015 and 2106). In (A) biplot of the first two principal...

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to assess the effect of the inoculation with rhizobacterial strains on the tolerance to water stress in wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under two different water regimes. A drought resistant (Fontagro 8) and a susceptible (Fontagro 98) genotype were studied. Soil water content was kept at 100% and 45%...

ISBN: 978-87-996274-1-7

Pionero INIA is the first double purpose wheat cultivar released in Chile by the National Wheat Program from INIA Carillanca. It is a winter wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained from a germplasm selected from the Saaten Union Research Company of France. It showed excellent adaptability to agro-climatic zones with early sowing, long winters...

Pionero INIA is the first double purpose wheat cultivar released in Chile by the National Wheat Program from INIA Carillanca. It is a winter wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained from a germplasm selected from the Saaten Union Research Company of France. It showed excellent adaptability to agro-climatic zones with early sowing, long winters...

Different physiological traits have been proposed as key traits associated with yield potential as well as performance under water stress. The aim of this paper is to examine the genotypic variability of leaf chlorophyll, stem water-soluble carbohydrate content and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C), and their relationship with grain yield (GY) a...

Cadmium (Cd) is present in many agricultural soils, and consequently can be absorbed for species as corn and wheat. The studied areas were Central-North, Central, Central-south and South of the country, in transect of 1,500 km long. Soils from 40 different sites were sampled in two depths. In these areas, corn and wheat are important crops. Total c...

The impact of climate change requires developing and validating models that help to project possible scenarios that must adapt to new varieties. This study seeks to validate and calibrate the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model as a tool that facilitates the characterization of the behavior of new varieties in the face...

Association mapping has been proposed to identify polymorphisms involved in phenotypic variations and may prove useful in identifying interesting alleles for breeding purposes. Using this approach, a total of 382 cultivars and advanced lines of spring wheat obtained from three breeding programs (Chile, Uruguay and CIMMYT) were evaluated for plant h...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic improvement objectives include obtaining cultivars capable of expressing their maximum potential yield and quality in diverse environments. This make necessary to know and define the environment in which a variety can express its maximum potential yield and quality. The objective of this study was to assess whic...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic improvement objectives include obtaining cultivars capable of expressing their maximum potential yield and quality in diverse environments. This make necessary to know and define the environment in which a variety can express its maximum potential yield and quality. The objective of this study was to assess whic...

Physiological traits and productivity of the recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) of barley, developed through the cross of Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare cv. Harrington and the wild ancestor Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, were measured in plants growing in microplots (with and without irrigation) and in field conditions in two Mediter...

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that dramatically threaten the global food supply and it is becoming an increasingly severe problem in many regions of the world, mainly in Mediterranean areas and/or climates. This study investigates the effect of drought on the stem soluble carbohydrate content and its role in grain filling in differen...

Grain yield and plant height of 80 recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) of barley were measured in six environments with contrasting available moisture profiles. Two environments were in OR, USA (Moro and Pendleton) during one growing season (2004), and four in Chile (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa) during two growing seasons (2004/2005 and...

Debido a que la temperatura es una limitante en todos los estados de desarrollo en la producción arrocera nacional, se caracterizó parte del germoplasma de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) para tolerancia a frío, en dos estados secundarios de germinación, que según la escala de Zadoks corresponden a Z00 y Z07. El estudio se realizó en los laboratorios del C...

Because low temperature is a constraint in Chilean rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production, part of rice germplasm was characterized for cold tolerance in the secondary stages of germination, Z00 and Z07 of Zadoks scale. The study was done in the laboratories of Quilamapu Rice Research Center of the National Agriculture Research Institute (INIA), Chillá...