Dalila Duraes

University of Minho · Departamento de Informática (DI)

https://link.springer.com/book/9783031766305 This book explores the application of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) for extracting and analyzing data from natural language artefacts. Unlike traditional uses of LLMs, such as translation and summarization, this book focuses on utilizing these models to convert unstructured text into data that...

The significance of energy efficiency in the development of smart cities cannot be overstated. It is essential to have a clear understanding of the current energy consumption (EC) patterns in both public and private buildings. One way to achieve this is by employing machine learning classification algorithms, which offer a broader perspective on th...

Over the decades, we have faced escalating global energy consumption and its consequential environmental impacts, including climate change and pollution. This study explicitly evaluates the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models for predicting electricity production from the biogas produced in a Wastewater Treatm...

This work presents the objectives, methodologies, and preliminary outcomes of the first training activity (TA1) within the AIM@VET project, an EU initiative aimed at integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into vocational education and training (VET) to align with labor market demands. Addressing the noticeable gap in AI education across various e...

Street monitoring can be used as an excellent tool to decrease the number of incidents by, for example, giving information to street users (pedestrians, vehicles, cyclists, etc.) about the position of other street users and therefore helping prevent any possible harmful situation. Today, with the growing concern about privacy and data protection is...

To further evolve urban quality of life, this paper explores the potential of crowdsensing and crowdsourcing in the context of smart cities. To aid urban planners and residents in understanding the nuances of day-to-day urban dynamics, we actively pursue the improvement of data visualisation tools that can adapt to changing conditions. An architect...

By incorporating technology into education, students’ skills can be enhanced while still recognizing the importance of personal and social abilities. Therefore, it is crucial for pre-university education to prioritize the development of self-awareness, empathy, teamwork, and leadership skills. This will enable students to become more productive mem...

Nowadays, it is challenging to distinguish between genuine content created by humans or deepfake created by deepfakes algorithms. Therefore, it is in the interests of society and nations to have systems that can notice and evaluate the content without human intervention. This paper presents the challenges of artificial intelligence, specifically ma...

This paper presents the first results on the validation of a new Adaptive E-learning System, focused on providing personalized learning to secondary school students in the field of education about AI by means of an adaptive interface based on a 3D robotic simulator. The prototype tool presented here has been tested at schools in USA, Spain, and Por...

Smart cities are an ongoing research topic with multiple sub-research areas, from traffic control to optimization and even safety. However, testing the new methodologies or technologies directly in the real world is an almost impossible feat that, inclusively, can result in disaster. Thus, there is the importance of simulation. Simulation enables t...

According to data made available by Pordata for the year 2021, about 8.3% of medium school students in Portuguese schools fail or drop out of the educational system, another 9.8% of students in this situation are still in basic education. Since education is one of the pillars of a country’s development, it is important to understand the reasons beh...

Sentiment analysis tasks are used in various domains, including education. Likert-scale questionnaires are often used to gain insights into the respondents’ views in various contexts. However, these questionnaires can allow for more information than they are designed for. This research paper explores an emotion classification technique for extracti...

Considering the undeniable relevance of education in today’s society, it is of great interest to be able to predict the academic performance of students in order to change teaching methods and create new strategies taking into account the situation of the students and their needs. This study aims to apply data fusion to merge information about seve...

As the internet and the Internet of Things continue to expand, the idea of Smart Cities has begun to take hold. Smart Cities use connected devices and data to improve the environment and quality of life of their citizens. Technologies such as crowdsensing and geofencing allow citizens to contribute to initiatives and receive notifications when near...

The goal of smart education is to utilize advanced technology in order to improve the teaching experience by establishing a stimulating and interactive atmosphere for learning. Conversational agents emerge as an aid for a smarter education. One of the possibilities to be explored is the building of tools that help predict and prevent student failur...

Human nature is inherently intertwined with violence, impacting the lives of numerous individuals. Various forms of violence pervade our society, with physical violence being the most prevalent in our daily lives. The study of human actions has gained significant attention in recent years, with audio (captured by microphones) and video (captured by...

Multi-agent systems have shown great promise in addressing complex problems that traditional single-agent approaches are not be able to handle. In this article, we propose a multi-agent system for the conception of a multimodal machine learning problem on edge devices. Our architecture leverages docker containers to encapsulate knowledge in the for...

The rapid development of deep learning has brought novel methodologies for 3D object detection using LiDAR sensing technology. These improvements in precision and inference speed performances lead to notable high performance and real-time inference, which is especially important for self-driving purposes. However, the developments carried by these...

Violence recognition is challenging because it can be presented in very different forms. For example, it can be present in an image by a person hitting another person or present in audio by a person being rude to another. Thus, audio and video are essential features to be analysed. In the audio approach, speech processing, music, and ambient sound...

The rapid development of Deep Learning brought novel methodologies for 3D Object Detection using LiDAR sensing technology. These improvements in precision and inference speed performances lead to notable high performance and real-time inference, which is especially important for self-driving purposes. However, the developments carried by these appr...

With the rise of the internet and the Internet of Things (IoT), the concept of a Smart City began to materialise. Crowdsensing is the process of using portable sensing devices to gather information about people’s surroundings. Furthermore, the research on these domains has pivoted from solely technology concepts to now including how they improve th...

Smart cities aim to rise strategies that reduce issues caused by the urban population growth and fast urbanization. Thus, traffic light optimization emerges as an important option for urban traffic management. The main goal of this study is to improve traffic light management at a specific intersection, in the City of Guimarães (Portugal), where hi...

Considering that the performance of personality predictors are not consistently increasing throughout the years, as an alternative, the idea was to provide big5 personality traits lexicon based on the Essay dataset. The weight of relevance for every trait of each word is calculated by tf/idf on the words in the Essay dataset. However, it was eventu...

The operational management of an emergency department (ED) requires more attention from hospital administration since it can have a global impact on the institution’s management, increasing the probability of adverse events and worsening hospital expenses. Effective management of an ED potentially results in fewer hospitalisations after an ED admis...

Sustainability and social energy are two concepts associated with smart cities. They aim to combat and contain the alarming environmental and socio-economic repercussions that urbanization has been causing on our planet. Smart sustainable cities drive to improve the life quality of citizens while ensuring that they meet the needs of the current and...

Motivation appears to plays a role in student dropout. This paper uses a dataset with high school information (756 entries) for creating a model that relates year failures with the other features on the dataset. The resulting model, based on XGBoost, shows that the top-ranked features are related with motivation issues corroborating with the initia...

Today, students tend to drop out of school more easily. It is necessary to find out what causes students to have such school failure in order to try to help them succeed in their school life. For this purpose, it is necessary to acquire data about students, and the area of Educational Data Mining (EDM) appears. EDM aims to develop methods for explo...

Violence has always been part of humanity, however, there are different types of violence, with physical violence being the most recurrent in our daily lives. This type of violence increasingly affects many people’s lives, so it is essential to try to combat violence. In recent years, human action recognition has been extensively studied, but mainl...

Social media were originally created as a means of communication, but have eventually become an important way of producing and sharing information and news. Beyond that, the scientific community’s interest in conducting studies in numerous fields using Twitter is growing daily. This paper presents a platform that simulates a microblogging, inspired...

Most smart city sensors generate time series records and forecasting such data can provide valuable insights for citizens and city managers. Within this context, the adoption of Automated Time Series Forecasting (AutoTSF) tools is a key issue, since it facilitates the design and deployment of multiple TSF models. In this work, we adapt and compare...

GPU servers have been responsible for the recent improvements in the accuracy and inference speed of the object detection models targeted to autonomous driving. However, its features, namely, power consumption and dimension, make its integration in autonomous vehicles impractical. Hybrid FPGA-CPU boards emerged as an alternative to server GPUs in t...

Currently, smart cities are a hot topic and their tendency will be to optimize resources and promote efficient strategies for the preservation of the planet as well as to increase the quality of life of its inhabitants. In this sense, this research presents an initial component of investigation about Big Data Platforms for Smart Cities in order to...

In everyday routines, there are multiple situations of high traffic congestion, especially in large cities. Traffic light timed regulated intersections are one of the solutions used to improve traffic flow without the need for large-scale and costly infrastructure changes. A specific situation where traffic lights are used is on single-lane roads,...

The significant increase in the number of vehicles in urban areas emerges the challenge of urban mobility. Researchers in this area suggest that most daily delays in urban travel times are caused by intersections, which could be reduced if the traffic lights at these intersections were more efficient. The use of simulation for real intersections ca...

A system that detects and identifies human activities are named Human Action Recognition. In the video approach, human activity can be classified into four different categories, depending on the complexity of the steps and the number of body parts involved in the action. The categories are gestures, actions, interactions, and activities. This type...

When constructing a deep learning model for recognizing violence inside a vehicle, it is crucial to consider several aspects. One aspect is the computational limitations, and the other is the deep learning model architecture chosen. Nevertheless, to choose the best deep learning model, it is necessary to test and evaluate the model against adversar...

Concerns have been expressed lately about content verification algorithms on social media platforms, resulting in data being presented to users or omitted from them. Twitter is one of those platforms that use this strategy, giving censorship strategies for specific content. The shadowban or practice of limiting content distribution without user ack...

When it is intended to detect violence in the car, audio, speech processing, music, and ambient sound are some of the main points of this problem since it is necessary to find the similarities and differences between these domains. The recent increase in interest in deep learning has allowed practical applications in many areas of signal processing...

This paper explores the use of paraconsistent analysis for assessing neural networks from an explainable AI perspective. This is an early exploration paper aiming to understand whether paraconsistent analysis can be applied for understanding neural networks and whether it is worth further develop the subject in future research. The answers to these...

The detection and recognition of violence have been area of interest to research, mainly in surveillance, Human-Computer Interaction and information retrieval for video based on content. The primary purpose of detecting and recognizing violence is to automatically and in real-time recognize violence. Hence, it is a crucial area and object of severa...

Compare different network configurations in the early stages of an object detection project can be an interesting approach to identify the one that can provide the best performance and, thus, optimize the investment of time and research efforts for the next steps. In this work we will explore the issue through the study of object recognition applie...

In recent years several applications, namely in surveillance, human-computer interaction and video recovery based on its content has studied the detection and recognition of violence [22]. The purpose of violence detection is to automatically and effectively determine whether or not violence occurs in a short time. So, it is a crucial area since it...

Para-consistent logic is a non-classical logic whose foundations allow the treatment of contradictions without invalidating the conclusions. This paper presented an attempt of using Annotated Para-consistent Analysis (APA) for supporting eXplained Artificial Intelligence (XAI) on Neural-Networks. For the study case, it was presented a situation whe...

In Human action recognition, the identification of actions is a system that can detect human activities. The types of human activity are classified into four different categories, depending on the complexity of the steps and the number of body parts involved in the action, namely gestures, actions, interactions, and activities [1]. It is challengin...

In the last year, schools, universities, teachers, and students had to adapt to distance learning because of the pandemic situation. The e-learning situation is very different from a face-to-face situation. One of the problems of the e-learning is that the students should be more responsible to not distracted. Another problem is that the type of co...

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever because schools, universities, teachers, and students had to adapt to distance learning. Multiple differences are identified with online learning compared to face-to-face education. First, students must be more responsible. Second, users’ familiarity with using computers varies significantly. Thir...

Violence is a word that encompasses several meanings ranging from an actual fight to theft and several types of harassment. Therefore, violence detection through surveillance systems can be a quite difficult yet important task. The increasing use of carpooling services and vehicle sharing brought the need to implement a sufficient general surveilla...

Nowadays, technological advances pose new frontiers to society. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the main research areas of interest due to its enormous possibilities. AI applications are spreading all over various fields, human-computer interaction is no exception. Since the turn of the millennium, the human-machine communication par...

PAAMS Workshops 2021 Proceedings on distributed computing models, multi-agent systems, Deep Learning Applications

An in-depth study of knowledge and technologies was made related to the various scientific, technical, and industrial domains necessary for the acquisition of skills and capabilities for the design and development of a multisensory fusion system for vehicle cockpits. After an extensive literature review, it was possible to determine the baselines o...

It is unquestionable to say that we live in a hyper-connected world, where technology is present in all spheres of our life. Furthermore, it is the backbone for the transformation of our society, which is continually changing and requires continuous adaptation of the human being to the environment. (Durães, Carneiro, Bajo, Novais, 2016). In this pa...

Violence detection behavior is a particular problem regarding the great problem action recognition. In recent years, the detection and recognition of violence has been studied for several applications, namely in surveillance. In this paper, we conducted a recent systematic review of the literature on this subject, covering a selection of various re...

Fact-check spread is usually performed by a plain tweet with just the link. Since it is not proper human behavior, it may cause uncanny, hinder the reader’s attention and harm the counter-propaganda influence. This paper presents a profile of fact-check link spread in Twitter (suiting for TRL-1) and, as an additional outcome, proposes a preliminary...

Due to the rapid evolution of society, citizens are constantly being pressured to obtain new skills through training. The need for qualified people has grown exponentially, which means that the resources for education/training are significantly more limited, so it’s necessary to create systems that can solved this problem. The implementation of Int...

The human being is currently under an increased demand for attention, a result of a society that is moving faster. In most of the so-called developed countries, workers have nowadays increasingly busier activities. This makes them stretch their limits to find time for children, sports activities and other. This necessary extra time is frequently ob...

The student attention evaluation is a very important feature that has a high influence on student results, so it’s necessary to consider. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the student attention level using a machine learning categorization model using several machine learning techniques. The Support Vector Machine, Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bay...

Until now, the level of attention of a worker has been evaluated through his/her productivity: the more one produces, the better his/her attention at work. First, the worst aspect about this approach is that it only points out a potential decrease of attention after a productivity loss. An approach that could point out, in advance, upcoming breaks...

The aim of the book is to introduce new developments in Ambient Intelligence from researchers of several countries. The book includes different works in the area of Ubiquitous Computing, e-Health, Ambient Assisted Living, Distributed Computing and Context Aware Computing that have been selected by an international committee. The studies have been p...

Nowadays, when it comes to achieving goals in business environments or educational environments, the performance successfully has an important role in performing a task. However, this performance can be affected by several factors. One of the most common is the lack of attention. The individual’s attention in performing a task can be determinant fo...

Nowadays, the world is getting increasingly competitive and the quality and the amount of the work presented are one of the decisive factors when choosing an employee. It is no longer necessary to only perform but, to achieve a product with quality, on time, at the lowest possible cost and with the minimum resources. For this reason, the employee m...

For the majority of students, assessment moments are associated with significant levels of stress and anxiety. While a certain amount of stress motivates the individual and improves performance, too much stress will have the contrary effect. Stress has therefore a fundamental role on student performance. It should be the educational organizations’...

In the last years, the development of robots is entering a new stage where the focus is placed on interaction with people in their daily environments. With the improvement of more and more complex robots to be used in rehabilitation, heath care, service or other applications, robot-human interaction is a rapidly growing area of research. This chapt...

The rapid progress of technologies has enabled the development of innovative environment in learning activities when the student used computer devices with access to Internet. The goal of this paper is to propose an ambient intelligent (AmI) system, directed at the teacher that indicates the level of attention of the students in the class when it r...

Attention is a very important cognitive and behavioral process, by means of which an individual is able to focus on a single aspect of information, while ignoring others. In a time in which we are drawn in notifications, beeps, vibrations and blinking messages, the ability to focus becomes increasingly important. This is true in many different doma...

Learning activities using technologies is one of the common education methods. Its advantages allow that students can learn with concepts more practical’s. However in this environment not all the students can be attentive. In this research an Ambient Intelligent System has been designed using biometrics behaviors for detecting learner inattentivene...

Learning styles are strongly connected with learning and when it comes to acquiring new knowledge, attention is one the most important mechanisms. The learner's attention affects learning results and can define the success or failure of a student. When students are carrying out learning activities using new technologies, it is extremely important t...

Attention is one of the most widely misused and overgeneralized constructs found in the educational, learning, instructional, and psychological sciences. It would be convenient for teachers if they could grasp the attentiveness states of learners in their classes precisely so that they could try to improve the way to deliver the course material in...

Monitoring and managing attention in the classroom is nowadays an important aspect where the level of learner’s attention affects learning results. When students are using devices connected to the Internet in learning activities in which they send and received notifications, beeps, and vibrations and blinking messages, the ability to focus becomes...

In the current world, performance is one of the most important issues concerning work and competition. Performance is strongly connected with learning and when it comes to acquiring new knowledge, attention is one the most important mechanisms as the level of the learner’s attention affects learning results. When students are doing learning activit...

The collection, storage, management, and anticipation of contextual information about the user to support decision-making constitute some of the key operations in most Ambient Intelligent (AmI) systems. When the instructor has a computer-based class it is often difficult to confirm if the students are working in the proposed activities. In order to...

In this article we focus on a new field of application of ICT techniques and technologies in learning activities. With these activities with computer platforms, attention allows us to break down the problem of understanding a speculative scenario into a series of computationally less demanding and localized lack of attention. The system considers t...

The development and technological revolution has contributed to a remarkable increase in the supply of training processes in e-learning educational institutions. The interaction and participation in educational activities under this paradigm involves a series of implications from the point of view of safety and privacy. This chapter presents the ma...

Attention is strongly connected with learning and when it comes to acquiring new knowledge, attention is one the most important mechanisms. The learner’s attention affects learning results and can define the success or failure of a student. The negative effects are especially significant when carrying out long or demanding tasks, as often happens i...

Gaming and Robotics are a very motivating approach for project-based learning. This paper reports a programming (through games) and robotics-based learning in school with student aged 6 to 15. The students work in groups to programming simple task in coding; constructing and programming robots using Lego Mindstorms EV3 Kits; and create a map to mov...

Com a chegada das novas tecnologias, a pedagogia e a educação ficaram com um grande desafio, uma vez que estas não funcionam como um simples recurso (tais como os meios audiovisuais e o cinema) ao serviço do trabalho escolar, mas têm um enorme poder para revolucionar a forma de ensino. Podemos portanto, dizer que as novas tecnologias, principalment...

In Portugal, it seems that the use of ICT in learning on the part of teachers and students remains very limited. It is necessary to invest in this field, so that the teachers can use ICT in the classroom. Its use in classrooms will allow students a more autonomous learning, thereby enabling them to use these technologies outside the classroom, in e...

Avec l'évènement des nouvelles technologies TIC (Technologies de l'Information et de Communication) la société a changé. Nous passons à la société de l'information et des connaissances, où les éléments de l'innovation et la créativité sont très importants à la réussite de l'individu. Avec ces modifications, il est nécessaire d'adapter l'éducation...

This paper presents the design and fabrication of integrated micromachined inductors on silicon substrates. In order to reduce eddy currents in silicon substrates, bulk-micromachining technology is used to etch the silicon wafer. In this way, aluminum spiral micromachined inductors can achieve a quality factor Q of approximately 30 (0.6-2 nH @ 2-15...

This work reports on the use of bulk-micromachining technology to increase the efficiency of a folded shorted-patch antenna. This antenna was designed on two stacked wafers (glass bonded on high-resistivity silicon). The analysis was carried out using the HFSS FEM tool. It was shown that bulk-micromachining technology could be used together with HR...