Daichi Hayashi

• MD, PhD
• Professor (Assistant) at Boston University

Synovitis remains an important marker of osteoarthritis (OA) disease incidence and progression, and is best assessed using imaging. In general, MRI with intravenous contrast is considered the gold standard method for assessing synovitis because it can effectively differentiate inflamed synovium and adjacent joint effusion and other surrounding stru...

Osteoarthritis is a widely prevalent disease of the whole joint including cartilage, bone, and soft tissues. The increasing importance of imaging and assessment of all joint structures has been recognized. Conventional radiography is still the first and most commonly used imaging technique for evaluation of patients with a known or suspected diagno...

To determine the accuracy of automatic Cobb angle measurements by deep learning (DL) on full spine radiographs. Full spine radiographs of patients aged > 2 years were screened using the radiology reports to identify radiographs for performing Cobb angle measurements. Two senior musculoskeletal radiologists and one senior orthopedic surgeon independ...

Currently no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) that can reverse, hold, or slow the progression of structural damage of OA-affected joints. The reasons for failure are manifold and include the heterogeneity of structural disease of the OA joint at trial inclusion, and the sensitivity of...

While musculoskeletal imaging volumes are increasing, there is a relative shortage of subspecialized musculoskeletal radiologists to interpret the studies. Will artificial intelligence (AI) be the solution? For AI to be the solution, the wide implementation of AI-supported data acquisition methods in clinical practice requires establishing trusted...

This article describes recent advances in quantitative imaging of musculoskeletal extremity sports injuries, citing the existing literature evidence and what additional evidence is needed to make such techniques applicable to clinical practice. Compositional and functional MRI techniques including T2 mapping, diffusion tensor imaging, and sodium im...

Nerve growth factor (a-NGF) inhibitors have been developed for pain treatment including symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) and have proven analgesic efficacy and improvement in functional outcomes in patients with OA. However, despite initial promising data, a-NGF clinical trials focusing on OA treatment had been suspended in 2010. Reasons were based...

Conventional radiography is the most commonly used imaging modality for the evaluation of osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical trials of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). Unfortunately, radiography has many shortcomings as an imaging technique to meaningfully assess the pathological features of OA. In this perspective paper, we will describe the reas...

Despite decades of research efforts and multiple clinical trials aimed at discovering efficacious disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOAD), we still do not have a drug that shows convincing scientific evidence to be approved as an effective DMOAD. It has been suggested these DMOAD clinical trials were in part unsuccessful since eligibili...

The osteoarthritis (OA) research community has been advocating a shift from radiography-based screening criteria and outcome measures in OA clinical trials to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based definition of eligibility and endpoint. For conventional morphological MRI, various semiquantitative evaluation tools are available. We have lately wi...

Synovitis is an important component of the osteoarthritis (OA) disease process, particularly regarding the “inflammatory phenotype” of OA. Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of synovitis in OA with MRI and ultrasound being the most deployed imaging modalities. Contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI, particularly dynamic CEMRI (DCEMRI) is the ide...

Overuse-related injuries of the knee joint and periarticular soft tissues include a heterogenous group of sports and nonsports-related injuries. These conditions include friction and impingement syndromes, bone stress injuries, bursitis, and tendon-related pathology such as tendinopathy and snapping. Traction apophysitis are also discussed as commo...

Background As the number of conventional radiographic examinations in pediatric emergency departments increases, so, too, does the number of reading errors by radiologists. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the detection of fractures by radiologists in children and young adults...

A joint contains many different tissues that can exhibit pathological changes, providing many potential targets for treatment. Researchers are increasingly suggesting that osteoarthritis (OA) comprises several phenotypes or subpopulations. Consequently, a treatment for OA that targets only one pathophysiologic abnormality is unlikely to be similarl...

INTRODUCTION To date no study has investigated the actual technical success rate of IA injections into the joint space. Knowledge of technical success is relevant to determine potential efficacy confounders due to inappropriate injection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of intra-articular injection of an investiga...

Focal cartilage lesions are common pathologies at the knee joint that are considered important risk factors for the premature development of osteoarthritis. A wide range of surgical options, including but not limited to marrow stimulation, osteochondral auto- and allografting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation, allows for targeted treatment o...

Background Although primary care (PC) is an indispensable part of the health system, measuring its quality is challenging. A recent measure of PC, Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM), covers 11 important domains of PC and has been translated into 28 languages. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the PCPCM and assess its relia...

Objective: We aimed to perform an external validation of an existing commercial AI software program (BoneView™) for the detection of acute appendicular fractures in pediatric patients. Materials and methods: In our retrospective study, anonymized radiographic exams of extremities, with or without fractures, from pediatric patients (aged 2-21) we...

Background Missed fractures are a common cause of diagnostic discrepancy between initial radiographic interpretation and the final read by board-certified radiologists. Purpose To assess the effect of assistance by artificial intelligence (AI) on diagnostic performances of physicians for fractures on radiographs. Materials and Methods This retrospe...

Objective To describe the frequency and severity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based peripheral osteoarthritis (OA) in athletes during the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games. Methods All MRIs of the peripheral joints in Olympic athletes, performed at the centralized imaging facility, either following acute trauma or for non-traumatic joint pa...

Introduction: One of the reasons for failures of disease modifying osteoarthritis drug clinical trials has been the radiography-based definition of structural eligibility criteria. Imaging, particularly MRI, has a critical role in planning and conducting clinical trials of osteoarthritis. Areas covered: : A literature search was performed using...

Objective: To describe the occurrence of imaging-depicted sports-related injuries (bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries) during the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Methods: Descriptive data on all imaging examinations by using radiography, ultrasonography (US), and MRI were collected and retrospectively analyzed centrally by five muscul...

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Patient Centred Assessment Method (PCAM) and its user guide. The secondary objective was to examine the validity and reliability in the primary care setting. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Three family physician teaching clinics located in urban resid...

Multiple disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) trials were done in the last two decades, but no pharmacological agent has yet been approved by regulatory agencies as an effective therapy to date. Given the fact that we have seen the recent discontinuation of several late-stage drug development trials, a careful strategy is needed in formula...

Objective: To describe the frequency and the distribution of degenerative disc disease (DDD) detected in athletes who underwent spine MRI in the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Data on spine MRI examinations from the 2016 Summer Olympics were retrospectively analyzed. We assessed the frequency of DDD of the cervical (Cs), t...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established imaging technique for structural assessment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) particularly in a research context. Conventional MRI allows evaluation of morphological changes in osteoarthritis, and advanced compositional MRI techniques enable assessment of 'premorphologic' biochemical compositional ch...

Chapter 45 discusses imaging of erosive osteoarthritis (EOA), a severe phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by erosions and superimposed synovitis, most typically seen in women in the interphalangeal (IP) joints of the hand. Radiography is the primary imaging modality used in the diagnosis of EOA. EOA is distinguished from non-EOA based o...

Chapter 44 discusses osteoarthritis (OA) of the upper and lower extremity joints. Imaging plays an increasingly important role in understanding the disease process of OA of the upper and lower extremities. Radiography is the gold standard in OA imaging and is used for establishing the diagnosis and grading disease severity. Radiography can visualiz...

Radiography remains the first-line imaging tool to characterize structural changes of osteoarthritis (OA) in both clinical and research settings, but MRI continues to play a large role in OA research. Compositional MRI enables evaluation of the biochemical properties of joint tissues, allowing assessment of early “premorphologic” changes that canno...

For imaging of osteoarthritis (OA), MRI plays a major role in the research setting, with compositional MRI techniques becoming increasingly more important thanks to their capacity to assess 'premorphologic' biochemical compositional changes of articular and periarticular tissues. Although radiography remains the primary imaging modality in OA clini...

Background: To use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to characterize the severity, location, prevalence, and demographics of shoulder injuries in athletes at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all routine shoulder MRIs obtained from the Olympic Village Polyclinic during the Rio 2016 Summer...

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe knee abnormalities and the occurrence of MRI-detected sports-related knee abnormalities by evaluating MRI examinations performed during the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games held in August 2016. Conclusion: There were 11,274 athletes at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and 113 of them underwent at leas...

The aims of this review article are (a) to describe the principles of morphologic and compositional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques relevant for the imaging of knee cartilage repair surgery and their application to longitudinal studies and (b) to illustrate the clinical relevance of pre- and postsurgical MRI with correlation to intraope...

Currently, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) have been approved. Past clinical trials have failed for several reasons, including the commonly applied definition of eligibility based on radiographic assessment of joint structure. In the context of precision medicine, finding the appropriate patient for a specific treatment approach...

Purpose To describe the occurrence of imaging-depicted sports-related stress injuries, fractures, and muscle and tendon disorders during the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Materials and Methods Data on radiologic examinations were collected and retrospectively analyzed centrally by two board-certified musculoskeletal radiologi...

Background/aim In high-level Olympic athletes, many spinal pathologies arise from overuse, while others are the result of acute injury. Our aim is to analyse the epidemiology of spinal pathologies detected on MRI in athletes participating in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics. Methods In this retrospective study, all spine MRIs performed duri...

In osteoarthritis research, imaging plays an important role in clinical trials and epidemiological observational studies. In this narrative review article, we will describe recent developments in imaging of osteoarthritis in the research arena, mainly focusing on literature evidence published within the past three years (2014 - 2017). We will prima...

Background Acute muscle injuries in elite athletes are responsible for a large portion of time loss injuries. Aim To describe the frequency, the anatomic distribution, and severity of imaging-detected acute muscle injuries among athletes who competed in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics. Methods We recorded all sports injuries reported by t...

Background Bone stress injuries are common in high-level athletics. Aim To describe the demographics, frequency and anatomical location of stress injuries (ie, stress reaction and stress fractures) in athletes at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Methods We recorded all sports injuries at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics report...

Background Tendon abnormalities are prevalent among both elite and non-elite athletes. Cross-sectional imaging modalities are used to confirm and evaluate the severity of such lesions. Aim To describe the demographics, prevalence, anatomical location and characteristics of tendon abnormalities in athletes who participated in the Rio de Janeiro 201...

With recent technologic advances and availability of sophisticated computer software and analytical strategies, imaging plays an increasingly important role in understanding the disease process of osteoarthritis (OA). Radiography has limitations in that it can visualize only limited features of OA, such as osteophytes and joint space narrowing, but...

Adductor injuries are common among athletes. Because of the complex anatomical relationships between different muscle groups at the groin region and possibility of referred pain at this level, accurate clinical diagnosis can be difficult. Imaging plays a central role in diagnosing and directing management of adductor muscles injuries. This chapter...

The quadriceps is the most commonly injured muscle in sports that require sprinting or kicking, such as soccer. The rectus femoris (RF) is the most commonly injured quadriceps muscle especially in young athletic individuals. Imaging is an important adjunct to clinical examination for management of RF injuries in athletes. The aim of this chapter is...

Objective: To give a narrative overview of meniscal tears with a radiologic emphasis on the morphologic type, technical considerations, and on the relevance of the type of meniscal tear in the context of osteoarthritis (OA) research. Design: Total 20 years of the PubMed database were searched for epidemiological, radiological, arthroscopic and b...

Objectives: To determine the risk of incident cartilage damage in unaffected subregions when one tibiofemoral compartment has a full-thickness vs. partial-thickness focal defects in knees with and without radiographic osteoarthritis. Methods: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study participants with semiquantitative MRI readings at baseline and 30-...

Handball players are prone to traumatic injuries because of the highly aggressive nature of the sport, which is based on speed, strength, and explosiveness and involves frequent direct body contact, falls, blocks, jumping, throwing, and counter running. In this chapter, we will review the epidemiology of injuries in handball players and illustrate...

Rugby players use minimal protective wear while playing and are prone to traumatic injuries. Multimodality imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of these injuries. In the torso, vital internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, trachea, liver, and large blood vessels, lie within close proximity to the bony structures. An apparently simple...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based semi-quantitative (SQ) methods applied to knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been introduced during the last decade and have fundamentally changed our understanding of knee OA pathology since then. Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials have used MRI-based SQ methods to evaluate different outcome measu...

Objective: To give an illustrative overview of Hoffa's fat pad pathology with a radiologic emphasis on the anatomy, on technical considerations, and on imaging differential diagnoses in the context of OA imaging research. Design: A PubMed database search including only English literature and covering a 20 year period was performed. The search wa...

Posterior ankle impingement is a clinical diagnosis which can be seen following a traumatic hyper-plantar flexion event and may lead to painful symptoms in athletes such as female dancers ('en pointe'), football players, javelin throwers and gymnasts. Symptoms of posterior ankle impingement are due to failure to accommodate the reduced interval bet...

To provide a comprehensive simultaneous relation of various semiquantitative knee OA MRI features as well as the presence of baseline radiographic OA to quantitative longitudinal cartilage loss. We studied Multicenter OA Study (MOST) participants from a longitudinal observational study that included quantitative MRI measurement of cartilage thickne...

To determine what MRI-detectable osteoarthritis features that are not visualized on radiography demonstrate progression longitudinally in Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade 4knees. We studied subjects from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study who had KL grade 4 knees at baseline and had baseline and 30-month MRI. Cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely prevalent disease worldwide and, with an increasing ageing society, is a challenge for the field of physical and rehabilitation medicine. Technologic advances and implementation of sophisticated post-processing instruments and analytic strategies have resulted in imaging playing a more and more important role in unde...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an increasingly important imaging technique in osteoarthritis (OA) research, and is widely used in the ongoing endeavor to understand the pathogenesis of OA and to develop structure and disease-modifying OA drugs. MRI offers semiquantitative, quantitative and compositional evaluation of knee OA, and enabl...

Arthroscopy-based semiquantitative scoring systems such as Outerbridge and Noyes’ scores were the first to be developed for the purpose of grading cartilage defects. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became available faor evaluation of the osteoarthritic knee joint, these systems were adapted for use with MRI. Later on, grading methods such as th...

Primary lesions of the tubular bones of the digits are not uncommon, and the vast majority of these lesions are benign. Benign intramedullary lesions such as enchondromas are frequently discovered incidentally, unless they are associated with a pathologic fracture. Expansile lesions or lesions that are pedunculated and protrude from the cortex may...

Objective: The aim of this review is to describe imaging techniques for evaluation of non-osteochondral structures such as the synovium, menisci in the knee, labrum in the hip, ligaments and muscles and to review the literature from recent clinical and epidemiological studies of OA. Methods: This is a non-systematic narrative review of published...

Objective: The purpose of this article is to clarify the most relevant points in managing suspected foreign bodies of the musculoskeletal system on the basis of a literature review and published reports with cases to illustrate each type on different imaging modalities. Conclusion: Foreign bodies of the musculoskeletal system are a common proble...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary renal malignant neoplasm in adults. Approximately 25–30 % of cases present with metastatic disease and 2 % of cases may have lesions in bilateral kidneys at the time of presentation. Extensive use of cross-sectional imaging in recent years has resulted in incidental detection of such carcinoma a...

Background Studies have shown associations of structural progression of knee OA with several MRI-assessed pathologic features such as bone marrow lesions (BMLs) cartilage damage and meniscal lesions1,2. However previous studies commonly evaluated one risk factor at a time and not in a combination simultaneously, though these features are known to p...

We aimed to assess reliability of the evaluation of osteophytes and subchondral cysts on tomosynthesis images when read by radiologists with different levels of expertise. Forty subjects aged >40 years had both knees evaluated using tomosynthesis. Images were read by an "experienced" reader (musculoskeletal radiologist with prior experience) and an...

Objectives: To compare axial T1weighted fat-saturated (T1w fs) and T1w non-fs sequences, and coronal T1w-fs and T2w-fs sequences, for evaluation of cartilage and labrum using CT arthrography (CTA) as the reference. Methods: Patients had MR arthrography (MRA) and CTA of the shoulder on the same day. Cartilage was assessed for superficial and full...

To determine the prevalence of intraarticular susceptibility artifacts and to detect longitudinal changes in the artifacts, on 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee in a cohort of patients with knee pain, and to assess the association of susceptibility artifacts with radiographic intraarticular calcifications. Three hundred and forty-six...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder with no approved disease-modifying treatment available. The importance of imaging in assessing all joint structures involved in the disease process, including articular cartilage, meniscus, subarticular bone marrow, and synovium for diagnosis, prognostication, and follow-up, has been well rec...

Background The meniscal root is a ligamentous structure that anchors the posterior horn of the meniscus to the tibial plateau. The association of isolated meniscal root tears with progression of osteoarthritis or cartilage loss has not been examined. Objectives To assess the cross sectional association of medial meniscal root tears with prevalent m...

Background Total knee joint replacement (TKR) is a cost-effective procedure with good long-term outcomes. However, at present there is no clear consensus on indications for TKR. Imaging biomarkers capable of predicting TKR therefore are urgently needed and may be helpful in clinical studies and trials which utilize TKR as an outcome. Hoffa-synoviti...

To examine the cross-sectional association of whole-knee synovitis assessed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) with radiographic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), non-CEMRI-assessed cartilage damage, and meniscal status. Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) is a cohort study of people with or at high risk of knee OA. Subject...

Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent joint disease that primarily affects the elderly (see Figures 2.4 and 2.5). The increasing importance of imaging in osteoarthritis for diagnosis, prognostication and follow-up is well recognised by clinicians and osteoarthritis researchers. While conventional radiography is the gold standard imaging technique fo...

Clinical criteria will continue to play an important role in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis until a diagnostic method that integrates clinical findings with aetiological, biochemical and histological abnormalities is developed [1]. One of the most enduring clinical criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee is the classification system developed for...

Blast injuries from the detonation of improvised explosive devices in the civilian environment are extremely rare but may occur due to terrorism. The Boston Marathon bombing on Patriot's Day in April 2013 resulted in numerous severe blast injuries, documenting that even clinicians serving non-military victims need to be aware of the spectrum of inj...

To determine which subregions of the knee joint have a high prevalence of pre-radiographic osteoarthritic changes, i.e. cartilage damage and osteophytes that can only be detected by MRI, in radiographically normal knees. Institutional review board approval and written informed consent from all participants was obtained. Data was collected from a co...

The mediopatellar plica is a synovial fold representing an embryonic remnant from the developmental process of the synovial cavity formation in the knee. We aimed to examine the frequency of MRI-detected mediopatellar plica and its cross-sectional association with MRI-detected cartilage damage and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the patellofemoral jo...

Osteoarthritis is a widely prevalent disease of the whole joint including cartilage, bone, and soft tissues. The increasing importance of imaging and assessment of all joint structures has been recognized. Conventional radiography is still the first and most commonly used imaging technique for evaluation of patients with a known or suspected diagno...

Sesamoids and accessory ossicles seen in the foot vary widely in their prevalence and appearance. Occasionally, these bones may be associated with painful syndromes, due to various pathologies, including trauma, infection, inflammation, degeneration and others. However, symptomatic accessory and sesamoid bones are rare, and search for additional pa...

Professional rugby players are prone to traumatic thoracic injuries due to the use of minimal protective gear to cover the torso. In the 2007 Rugby World Cup, thoracic injuries occurred at a rate of 8.3 cases/1000 player-hours. CT and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis of these injuries. Vital internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, tra...

Slowing of radiographic joint space narrowing represents the only recommended imaging-based outcome measure to assess structural disease progression in osteoarthritis (OA) clinical trials. There are no effective disease-modifying OA drugs. The ability of magnetic resonance (MR) to image structures within the knee and to visualize cartilage morpholo...

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiography for the detection of MRI-detected osteoarthritis-associated features in various articular subregions of the hip joint. Forty-four patients with chronic hip pain (mean age, 63.3 ± 9.5 years), who were part of the Hip Osteoarthritis MRI Scoring (HOAMS) cohort, underwent both weight-bearing anterop...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for evaluating bone marrow. Bone marrow undergoes constant modification and its appearance on MRI changes in response. Knowledge of the types of changes and their origins is essential for analysis of MRI findings of bone marrow infiltration with hematological malignancies. This pictorial review describe...

Purpose: To assess the association of meniscal root tear with the development or worsening of tibiofemoral cartilage damage. Materials and methods: Institutional review board approval and written informed consent from all subjects were obtained. A total of 596 knees with radiographically depicted osteoarthritis were randomly selected from the Mu...

Study design: A retrospective, consecutive case series. Objective: To analyze the relationship between retro-odontoid soft-tissue thickness and patients' age, sex, and degenerative changes of cervical spine and to investigate the effect these factors have on retro-odontoid soft-tissue thickness. Summary of background data: Thickening of the so...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly, and there is no effective treatment. Imaging is essential for evaluating the synovial joint structures (including cartilage, meniscus, subchondral bone marrow and synovium) for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up. This article describes the roles and limitations of both conven...

The use of MRI techniques to investigate tissue pathology has become increasingly widespread in osteoarthritis (OA) research. Semiquantitative assessment of the joints by expert interpreters of MRI data is a powerful tool that can increase our understanding of the natural history of this complex disease. Several reliable and validated semiquantitat...

Radiographically occult and subtle fractures are a diagnostic challenge. They may be divided into (1) "high energy trauma fracture," (2) "fatigue fracture" from cyclical and sustained mechanical stress, and (3) "insufficiency fracture" occurring in weakened bone (e.g., in osteoporosis and postradiotherapy). Independently of the cause, the initial r...

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone, leading to an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to low-traumatic or atraumatic fractures, most commonly vertebral fractures. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Vertebral...

Fluid-fluid level in bone metastases is an extremely rare finding, with only five case reports published in the literature. Here we report a case of an atypical isolated bone metastasis presenting with a fluid-fluid level revealing lung cancer in a 47-year-old patient without history of cancer. The differential diagnosis and imaging features are di...

The ability of MRI to visualize the joint as a "whole organ" and to directly and three-dimensionally assess cartilage morphology and composition has given it a crucial role in discovering the natural history of osteoarthritis (OA). Morphological analysis can be semiquantitative or quantitative. Compositional analysis such as delayed gadolinium-enha...

Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the radial distribution patterns of cartilage degeneration in dysplastic hips at different stages of secondary osteoarthritis (OA) by using radial delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), and to assess whether pre-contrast measurements are necessary...

Objectives: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and ultrasound have become valuable tools for evaluation of traumatic muscle injuries in athletes. Common athletic injuries include strain, contusion and avulsion, which are characterised by muscle fibre disruption, intramuscular haemorrhagic dissection, haematoma at the musculotendinous junction, and pe...

To examine use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of knees with no radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis to determine the prevalence of structural lesions associated with osteoarthritis and their relation to age, sex, and obesity. Population based observational study. Community cohort in Framingham, MA, United States (Framingham osteoarthritis s...

To examine the relationship of knee malalignment with occurrence of incident and enlarging bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and regression of BMLs. Subjects from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study aged 50-79 years with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis were studied. Full-limb radiographs were taken at baseline and hip-knee-ankle mechanical axis wa...