Dagfinn Aune

• PhD, MS in Nutrition
• Professor (Associate) at Oslo Nye Høyskole

OBJECTIVE To examine separate and joint associations between pre-existing cardiometabolic comorbidities and all cause and cause specific mortality in adults with cancer. DESIGN Multinational cohort study. SETTING Seven European countries from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, 1 January 1992 to 31 Decemb...

The association between body mass index (BMI) and cancers of the esophagus and the stomach remains complex and requires further exploration. This study aimed to investigate this association, including early-onset (< 50 years) cancer and cancer related mortality. A nationwide registry-based cohort study was performed by linking data from multiple na...

Background: The impact of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, adiposity, and body composition on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cancer-related fatigue among colorectal cancer survivors remains uncertain. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were systematically searched until April 2023 for relevant randomised controlled trials...

Background Few studies have investigated the association between adiposity and connective and soft tissue cancer, a rare and understudied cancer entity. We investigated this association in a large cohort of more than 1.7 million individuals in Norway. Methods The study cohort included 1,723,692 men and women aged 16–75 years at baseline in 1963–19...

Background: Current evidence suggests higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mediating role of the circulating metabolome in this relationship remains unclear. Methods: Targeted metabolomics data from 6,055 participants in the EPIC cohort were used to identify metabolites as...

Background Knowledge about the diet quality among youth who follow different types of plant-based diets is essential to understand whether support is required to ensure a well-planned diet that meets their nutritional needs. This study aimed to investigate how food groups, macronutrient intake, and objective blood measures varied between Norwegian...

Literature indicates a potential association between dairy consumption and risk of Parkinson´s disease (PD), especially among men, yet the results remain inconclusive. We investigated this association in a large prospective European cohort. Dietary and non-dietary data was collected from 183,225 participants of the EPIC-for-Neurodegenerative-Diseas...

Background A few previous studies have suggested a possible association between adiposity and increased risk of penile cancer, however, the evidence is to date limited for this rare cancer. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and penile cancer risk in a large Norwegian cohort. Methods The analyses included 829,081 men age...

Background There is limited evidence of potential associations between body mass index (BMI) and risk of vulvar and vaginal cancer. We explored these associations in a large cohort of Norwegian women. Methods The analytical dataset included 889,441 women aged 16–75 years at baseline in 1963–1975. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to...

Background Globorisk is one of the prediction tools for 10-year risk assessment of cardiovascular disease, featuring an office-based (non-laboratory-based) version. This version does not require laboratory tests for determining the CVD risk. The present study aims to determine the 10-year CVD risk using the office-based Globorisk model and factors...

Background Adiposity is a known risk factor for certain cancers; however, it is not clear whether the risk of cancer differs between individuals with high adiposity but different metabolic health status. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was to evaluate associations between metabolic obesity phenotypes...

Scandinavian electronic health-care registers provide a unique setting to investigate potential unidentified side effects of drugs. We analysed the association between prescription drugs dispensed in Norway and Sweden and the short-term risk of developing pulmonary embolism. A total of 12,104 pulmonary embolism cases were identified from patient- a...

Background Adiposity has been characterised as a modifiable risk factor of prostate cancer. Its association with outcomes after prostate cancer diagnosis, however, needs to be better understood and obtain more evidence to assist the development of lifestyle guidance for prostate cancer patients. Methods We investigated the associations between adi...

Background The allometric body shape index (ABSI) and hip index (HI), as well as multi-trait body shape phenotypes, have not yet been compared in their associations with inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between novel and traditional anthropometric indexes with inflammation using data from the European Pros...

Hypertension is a very common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients, which leads to important health and treatment challenges. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients. This study was conducted using cross-sectional data from 1245 participants aged...

Purpose Whether youth who follow plant-based diets in Nordic countries meet their dietary needs for micronutrients remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate micronutrient intake and status in Norwegian youth following vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian and omnivore diets. Methods Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-...

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors and the Framingham risk score (FRS) is a useful metric for measuring the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of the population. The present study aimed to determine the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score in people with and without MetS in a l...

High health literacy (HL) plays a critical role in preventing or delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and can improve disease management and control. The present study aims to determine the association between HL and non-laboratory-based (office-based) Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted on...

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are implicated in the aetiology of non-communicable diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate associations between NAFLD and MetS with overall and cause-specific mortality. Methods We used dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric and metabolic biomarker data from a random sub...

Background Circulating total insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an established risk factor for prostate cancer. However, only a small proportion of circulating IGF-I is free or readily dissociable from IGF-binding proteins (its bioavailable form), and few studies have investigated the association of circulating free IGF-I with prostate cancer...

The role of diet in colorectal cancer prognosis is not well understood and specific lifestyle recommendations are lacking. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies on post‐diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer survival outcomes in PubMed and Embase from inception until 28th...

Based on the World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Programme, we performed systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to investigate the association of post‐diagnosis adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary factors with colorectal cancer prognosis. We searched PubMed and Embase until 28th February, 2022. An independent ex...

The adiposity influence on colorectal cancer prognosis remains poorly characterised. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on post‐diagnosis adiposity measures (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, weight) or their changes and colorectal cancer outcomes. PubMed and Embase were searched through 28 February 202...

Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour have been clearly linked with colorectal cancer development, yet data on their potential role in colorectal cancer survival is limited. Better characterisation of these relationships is needed for the development of post‐diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidance for colorectal ca...

Background and objective Physical activity has benefits for the cardiovascular system, however, what levels and types of activity provide optimal cardiovascular health is unclear. We aimed to determine the level of physical activity that has the most benefits against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were se...

Introduction: Dietary intake of (poly)phenols has been linked to reduced adiposity and body weight (BW) in several epidemiological studies. However, epidemiological evidence on (poly)phenol biomarkers, particularly plasma concentrations, is scarce. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma (poly)phenols and prospective BW change in p...

PURPOSE There is strong evidence that leisure-time physical activity is protective against postmenopausal breast cancer risk but the association with premenopausal breast cancer is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer. METHODS We pooled ind...

Background Phytonutrient intakes may improve outcomes following breast cancer, but the impact of post-diagnosis introduction vs established pre-diagnostic exposure, and optimum doses, have not been established. Evidence from observational studies for key exposures was evaluated, including dosage and intake timeframes. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINA...

Objective To investigate the association between walking speed and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL and Web of Science to 30 May 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included cohort studies that explored the association between walking speed and the risk...

Background Whether cancer risk associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), a surrogate measure of adiposity, differs among adults with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate separate and joint associations of BMI and CVD/T2D with the risk of cancer. Metho...

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the time trends in average sleep duration and prevalence of short sleep, poor sleep quality, and high sleep debt among Chinese adults. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: The study used nationally representative data from Chinese Family Panel Survey (CFPS) among adults age...

Background It is currently unknown whether ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption is associated with a higher incidence of multimorbidity. We examined the relationship of total and subgroup consumption of UPFs with the risk of multimorbidity defined as the co-occurrence of at least two chronic diseases in an individual among first cancer at any s...

Background Several observational studies have investigated the association between hypertension or elevated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and risk of heart failure, but not all the studies have been consistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available data from cohort studies on the associatio...

Background: Two versions of Framingham's 10-year risk score are defined for cardiovascular diseases, namely laboratory-based and office-based models. The former is mainly employed in high-income countries, but unfortunately, it is not cost-effective or practical to utilize it in countries with poor facilities. Therefore, the present study aims to...

Objective Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm rupture are aortic emergencies and their clinical outcomes have improved over the past two decades; however, whether this has translated into lower mortality across countries remains an open question. The purpose of this study was to compare mortality trends from aortic dissection and rupture between...

The Globorisk and WHO cardiovascular risk prediction models are country-specific and region-specific, respectively. The goal of this study was to assess the agreement and correlation between the WHO and Globorisk 10-year cardiovascular disease risk prediction models. The baseline data of 6796 individuals aged 40–74 years who participated in the Fas...

Existing epidemiological evidence regarding the potential role of (poly)phenol intake in prostate cancer (PCa) risk is scarce and, in the case of flavonoids, it has been suggested that their intake may increase PCa risk. We investigated the associations between the intake of the total and individual classes and subclasses of (poly)phenols and the r...

To investigate the longitudinal association of different phenotypes of diabetes and obesity with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD- and all-cause mortality. A total of 5432 adults, aged ≥ 35 years and free of CVD were included in this cohort study. Diabesity phenotypes were defined in six categories based on the presence of diabete...

Objective To explore the associations between adiposity indices, assessed at or after a diagnosis of prostate cancer, and mortality. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed and Embase, from inception to 16 November 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Cohort studies or randomised controlled trials of men with...

Background The Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer (BC) but evidence from prospective studies on the role of Mediterranean diet on BC survival remains sparse and conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether adherence to Mediterranean diet prior to diagnosis is associated with overall and BC-specific mortality. M...

Background: The WHO model has laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based versions for 10-year risk prediction of cardiovascular diseases. Due to the fact that in some settings, there may not be the necessary facilities for risk assessment with a laboratory-based model, the present study aimed to determine the agreement between laboratory-based and...

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe recent mortality trends from aortic stenosis (AS) among eight high-income countries. Methods We analysed the WHO mortality database to determine trends in mortality from AS in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Australia, the USA and Canada from 2000 to 2020. Crude and age-standardised mortali...

Obesity has been associated with increased risk of adult asthma, however, not all studies have found a clear association between overweight and the incidence of asthma, and data on other adiposity measures have been limited. Hence, we aimed to summarize evidence on association between adiposity and adult asthma. Relevant studies were retrieved thro...

Purpose A high fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with reduced risk of hypertension; however, results have been inconsistent and it is unclear whether specific types of fruits and vegetables are particularly beneficial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the published prospective studies on fruit and vegetable c...

A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes has been associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in several studies, but results have not been entirely consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and the risk of PD to provide an up-to-date assessment of the e...

Evidence linking body fatness to breast cancer (BC) prognosis is limited. While it seems that excess adiposity is associated with poorer BC survival, there is uncertainty over whether weight changes reduce mortality. This study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes pre-and postdiagnosis and overall mortality and BC...

Dried fruits and nuts contain high amounts of nutrients and phytochemicals-all of which may have anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for dried fruits and nuts and cancer incidence, mortality, and survival and their potential anticancer properties. The evidence for dried frui...

Background Vitamin D is important for immunomodulation and may play a role in autoimmune diseases. Studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and vitamin D status, assessed by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, is inversely associated with RA disease activity. However...

Background Food processing has been hypothesised to play a role in cancer development; however, data from large-scale epidemiological studies are scarce. This study investigated the association between dietary intake according to amount of food processing and risk of cancer at 25 anatomical sites using data from the European Prospective Investigati...

Background: Higher BMI in middle age is associated with ischemic stroke, but little is known about BMI over adulthood, and the risk for ischemic stroke as most studies relied on a single measurement of BMI. Methods: BMI was measured four times over a period of 42 years. We calculated average BMI values and group-based trajectory models and relat...

Introduction Rheumatic heart disease is considered well-controlled in high-income countries; however, its actual trends in mortality remain unclarified. We analyzed trends in mortality from rheumatic heart disease in association with age, period, and birth cohort. Methods We analyzed the WHO mortality database to determine trends in mortality from...

Nuts are nutrient-rich foods that contain many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Higher consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduced risk of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in prospective cohort studies, including a 19% and 25% lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality, respectively, and a 24% and 27...

Aims To investigate the association between circulating lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population and in patients with chronic diseases, and to elucidate the dose-response relations. Methods and results We searched literature to find prospective studies reporting adjusted risk estimates on...

Elevated blood pressure and hypertension have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation in a number of epidemiological studies, however, the strength of the association has differed between studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between blood pressure and hypertension and atrial fibrillation....

There is an equivocal and inconsistent association between legume consumption and health outcomes and longevity. The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the potential dose–response relationship between legume consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search o...

Background COVID − 19 vaccination is essential for controlling this pandemic. Many countries have begun COVID − 19 vaccination in December 2020. This study aimed to calculate the correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Methods In this ecological study for data collection a data set was prepared, whi...

Background: Higher dietary calcium consumption is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, little data are available on the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk. Objectives: To explore the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk using data from 2 large European prospe...

Background: Globorisk is a novel risk prediction model for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD). Globorisk is a country-specific risk prediction model that determines CVD risk for all countries. This model has two versions; laboratory-based and office-based. This study aimed to determine the agreement between laboratory-based and office-based m...

Introduction: Aortic dissection and aneurysm rupture are aortic emergencies. Surgical outcomes and interventional procedures have improved over the past two decades; however, whether this has translated into lower mortality across countries remains an open question. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that given improved surgical mortality, there will be i...

Little is known about how diet might influence breast cancer prognosis. The current systematic reviews and meta‐analyses summarise the evidence on postdiagnosis dietary factors and breast cancer outcomes from randomised controlled trials and longitudinal observational studies. PubMed and Embase were searched through 31st October 2021. Random‐effect...

It is important to clarify the associations between modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity and breast cancer prognosis to enable the development of evidence‐based survivorship recommendations. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analyses to summarise the evidence on the relationship between postbreast cancer diagnosis physical...

Based on the Global Cancer Update Programme, formally known as the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project, we performed systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to investigate the association of postdiagnosis body fatness, physical activity and dietary factors with breast cancer prognosis. We searche...

Previous evidence on postdiagnosis body fatness and mortality after breast cancer was graded as limited‐suggestive. To evaluate the evidence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist‐hip‐ratio and weight change in relation to breast cancer prognosis, an updated systematic review was conducted. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant...

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among women with breast cancer; however, uncertainty remains regarding PA types and dose (frequency, duration, intensity) and various HRQoL measures. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to clarify wh...

Purpose of Review Although plant-based diets are recommended for cancer prevention, their role in cancer survival is still uncertain. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the association between postdiagnosis plant-based diets and prognosis in cancer survivors. Recent Findings There is indication that higher intake of plant-based...

Previous evidence on post-diagnosis body fatness and mortality after breast cancer was graded as limited-suggestive. To evaluate the evidence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio, and weight change in relation to breast cancer prognosis, an updated systematic review was conducted. PubMed and Embase were searched for releva...

Consumption of nuts and seeds is associated with a range of health outcomes. Summarizing the best evidence on essential health outcomes from the consumption of nuts is essential to provide optimal recommendations. Our objective is to comprehensively assess health outcomes associations related to the consumption of nuts and seeds, using a culinary d...

Purpose Vegetarian diets have been associated with reduced risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, results regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall and stroke are less clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on CVD, IHD and stroke risk among vegetarians or vegans versus nonvegetarians to...

Purpose There is existing evidence on the potential role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC) and on how risk may be modulated by dietary factors. Pro-inflammatory diets are suggested to be associated with increased risk of PC but, so far, evidence remains not conclusive. We examined the association between the diet...

Aims The metabolic syndrome and its consequences is one of the main public health challenges worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of studies that examined the association between screen time and the metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents. Data synthesis A systematic search was conducted using elect...

Importance It is unclear whether the weekly recommended amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has the same benefits for mortality risk when activity sessions are spread throughout the week vs concentrated in fewer days. Objective To examine the association of weekend warrior and other patterns of leisure-time physical activity wi...

Background/objectives: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI) and visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with risk of all-cause mortality. Methods: We did a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to June 2021. We selected prospective cohorts of...

Epidemiologic studies have indicated that cruciferous vegetables can influence the cancer risk; therefore, we examined with a cross-sectional approach the correlation between the frequent consumption of the total cruciferous vegetables and the formation of bulky DNA damage, a biomarker of carcinogen exposure and cancer risk, in the Gen-Air study wi...

Background A diagnosis of chronic kidney disease has been strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in a number of studies, but the association with specific causes of death has not been assessed in detail. We analysed the association between chronic kidney disease and all-cause mortality and 54 causes of death in the National H...

Obesity correlate with increasing risk of adult asthma. However, not all studies have found a clear association between overweight and the incidence of asthma, and data on other adiposity measures have been limited. Hence, we aimed to summarize evidence on association between adiposity and adult asthma. Relevant studies were retrieved through searc...

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome represented by an acute disturbance in attention, awareness and cognition, highly prevalent in older, and critically ill patients, and associated with poor outcomes. This review synthesized existing evidence on the effectiveness of music interventions on delirium in adults, and music interventions (MIs), psyc...

It is unclear if body weight in early life affects cancer risk independently of adult body weight. To investigate this question for six obesity-related cancers, we performed univariable and multivariable analyses using i) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and ii) longitudinal analyses in prospective cohorts. Both the MR and longitudinal analyse...

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer but whether metabolic dysfunction is associated with endometrial cancer independent of body size is not known. Methods: The association of metabolically-defined body size phenotypes with endometrial cancer risk was investigated in a nested case-control study (817 cases/ 817 controls) wi...

Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are diseases of poverty and affect 1·5 billion people globally. Conditional cash transfer (CCTs) programmes alleviate poverty in many countries, potentially contributing to improved NTD outcomes. This systematic review examines the relationship between CCTs and screening, incidence, or treatment outcome...

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association between physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in individuals with and without CHD risk factors. Methods and results: EPIC-CVD is a case-cohort study of 29 333 participants that included 13 582 incident CHD cases and a randomly selected sub-cohort nested within the Eur...

PurposeThe risk psychological distress (PD) confers on mortality due to specific chronic diseases compared to suicide is unclear. Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we investigated the association between PD levels and risk of all-cause and chronic disease-specific mortality and compared the contribution of chronic disease-related m...

Background Little is known about the association between physical activity before cancer diagnosis and survival among lung cancer patients. In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohorts, we investigated associations of pre-diagnosis leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality among incident lung cance...