About
1,135
Publications
226,463
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
39,339
Citations
Publications
Publications (1,135)
We numerically investigate turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with gas bubbles attached to the hot plate, mimicking a core feature in electrolysis, catalysis or boiling. The existence of bubbles on the plate reduces the global heat transfer due to the much lower thermal conductivity of gases as compared with liquids and changes the structure of t...
We investigate the counter-intuitive initial decrease and subsequent increase in the Nusselt number $Nu$ with increasing wall Reynolds number $Re_w$ in the sheared Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) system by studying the energy spectra of convective flux and turbulent kinetic energy for Rayleigh number $Ra = 10^{7}$ , Prandtl number $Pr=1.0$ and inverse Richard...
We experimentally investigate the evaporation of very volatile liquid droplets (Novec 7000 Engineered Fluid) in a turbulent spray. Droplets with diameters of the order of a few micrometers are produced by a spray nozzle and then injected into a purpose-built enclosed dodecahedral chamber, where the ambient temperature and relative humidity in the c...
Solvent exchange is a process involving mixing between a good solvent with dissolved solute and a poor solvent. The process creates local oversaturation which causes the nucleation of minute solute droplets. Such ternary systems on a macro-scale have remained unexplored in the turbulent regime. We experimentally study the solvent exchange process b...
A scaling theory for the passive scalar transport in Couette flow, i.e. the flow between two parallel plates moving with different velocities, is proposed. This flow is determined by the bulk Reynolds number $Re_b$ and the Prandtl number $Pr$ . In the turbulent regime, for moderate shear Reynolds number $Re_{\tau }$ and moderate $Pr$ , we derive th...
Motivated by the ablation of vertical ice faces in salt water, we use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to investigate the heat and salt fluxes in two-scalar vertical convection. For parameters relevant to ice-ocean interfaces, we observe that the salinity field drives the convection and that heat is essentially transported as a passiv...
The retraction of an impacting droplet on a non-wetting substrate is often associated with the formation of a Worthington jet, which is fed by the retracting liquid. A non-Newtonian rheology of the liquid is known to affect the retraction of the impacting droplet. Here we present a novel phenomenon related to the impact of viscoelastic droplets on...
We perform direct numerical simulations to study the effect of the gravity centre offset in spherical Rayleigh–Bénard convection. When the gravity centre is shifted towards the south, we find that the shift of the gravity centre has a pronounced influence on the flow structures. At low Rayleigh number $Ra$ , a steady-state large-scale meridional ci...
We present a generalisation of the all-Mach solver of Fuster & Popinet (2018) to account for heat diffusion between two different compressible phases. By solving a two-way coupled system of equations for pressure and temperature, the current code is shown to increase the robustness and accuracy of the solver with respect to classical explicit discr...
When a liquid drop falls on a solid substrate, the air layer in between them delays the occurrence of liquid--solid contact. For impacts on smooth substrates, the air film can even prevent wetting, allowing the drop to bounce off with dynamics identical to that observed for impacts on superamphiphobic materials. In this article, we investigate simi...
Moderate rotation and moderate horizontal confinement similarly enhance the heat transport in Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Here, we systematically investigate how these two types of flow stabilization together affect the heat transport. We conduct direct numerical simulations of confined-rotating RBC in a cylindrical set-up at Prandtl number $...
We numerically investigate turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection with gas bubbles attached to the hot plate, mimicking a core feature in electrolysis, catalysis, or boiling. The existence of bubbles on the plate reduces the global heat transfer due to the much lower thermal conductivity of gases as compared to liquids and changes the structure of...
Multi-component fluids with phase transitions show a plethora of fascinating phenomena with rich physics. Here we report on a transition in the growth mode of plasmonic bubbles in binary liquids. By employing high-speed imaging we reveal that the transition is from slow evaporative to fast convective growth and accompanied by a sudden increase in r...
In practical applications of inkjet printing the nozzles in a printhead have intermittent idle periods, during which ink can evaporate from the nozzle exit. Inks are usually multicomponent where each component has its own characteristic evaporation rate resulting in concentration gradients within the ink. These gradients may directly and indirectly...
The oscillatory flows present in an inkjet printhead can lead to strong deformations of the air-liquid interface at the nozzle exit. Such deformations may lead to an inward directed air jet with bubble pinch-off and the subsequent entrainment of an air bubble, which is highly detrimental to the stability of inkjet printing. Understanding the mechan...
We numerically investigate turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection through two immiscible fluid layers, aiming to understand how the layer thickness and fluid properties affect the heat transfer (characterized by the Nusselt number $\mbox {Nu}$ ) in two-layer systems. Both two- and three-dimensional simulations are performed at fixed global Rayleigh n...
Microbubbles entrained in a piezo-driven drop-on-demand printhead disturb the acoustics of the microfluidic ink channel and, thereby, the jetting behavior. Here, the resonance behavior of an ink channel as a function of the microbubble size and number of bubbles is studied through theoretical modeling and experiments. The system is modeled as a set...
We report on the mobility and orientation of finite-size, neutrally buoyant, prolate ellipsoids (of aspect ratio $\varLambda =4$ ) in Taylor–Couette flow, using interface-resolved numerical simulations. The set-up consists of a particle-laden flow between a rotating inner and a stationary outer cylinder. The flow regimes explored are the well-known...
Recent studies have shown that enveloped viruses contained in airborne respiratory droplets lose infectability fastest at intermediate ambient relative humidities H r. However, the precise physicochemical mechanisms that generate such least-favorable conditions for the virus are not fully understood yet. Studying the evaporation dynamics of respira...
We combine experiments and numerical computations to examine underlying fluid mechanical processes associated with bioaerosol generation during violent respiratory manoeuvres, such as coughing or sneezing. Analogous experiments performed in a cough machine -- consisting of a strong shearing airflow over a thin liquid film, allow us to illustrate th...
When a freely suspended liquid film ruptures, it retracts spontaneously under the action of surface tension. If the film is surrounded by air, the retraction velocity is known to approach the constant Taylor-Culick velocity. However, when surrounded by an external viscous medium, the dissipation within that medium dictates the magnitude of the retr...
This numerical study presents a simple but extremely effective way to considerably enhance heat transport in turbulent wall-bounded multiphase flows, namely by using oleophilic walls. As a model system, we pick the Rayleigh–Bénard set-up, filled with an oil–water mixture. For oleophilic walls, using only $10\,\%$ volume fraction of oil in water, we...
A sequence of two- and three-dimensional simulations are conducted for the double-diffusive convection (DDC) flows in the diffusive regime subjected to an imposed shear. For a wide range of control parameters, and for sufficiently strong perturbation of the conductive initial state, staircase-like structures spontaneously develop, with relatively w...
While the heat transfer and the flow dynamics in a cylindrical Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) cell are rather independent of the aspect ratio Γ (diameter/height) for large Γ, a small-Γ cell considerably stabilizes the flow and thus affects the heat transfer. Here, we first theoretically and numerically show that the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of...
The lifetime $\tau$ of an isothermal and purely diffusively dissolving droplet in a host liquid scales as $\tau \sim R_0^2$ with its initial radius $R_0$ [Langmuir, Phys. Rev. 12, 368 (1919)]. For a droplet dissolving due to natural convection driven by density differences, its lifetime scales as $\tau\sim R_0^{5/4}$ [Dietrich et al., J. Fluid Mech...
Indoor ventilation is essential for a healthy and comfortable living environment. A key issue is to discharge anthropogenic air contamination such as CO $_2$ gas or, of potentially more direct consequence, airborne respiratory droplets. Here, by employing direct numerical simulations, we study mechanical displacement ventilation with a wide range o...
For an immiscible oil drop immersed in a stably stratified ethanol–water mixture, a downwards solutal Marangoni flow is generated on the surface of the drop, owing to the concentration gradient, and the resulting propulsion competes against the downwards gravitational acceleration of the heavy drop. In prior work of Li et al. ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , v...
A falling liquid drop, after impact on a rigid substrate, deforms and spreads, owing to the normal reaction force. Subsequently, if the substrate is non-wetting, the drop retracts and then jumps off. As we show here, not only is the impact itself associated with a distinct peak in the temporal evolution of the normal force, but also the jump-off, w...
In this work, we unravel the role of surface properties of colloidal particles on the formation of supraparticles (clusters of colloidal particles) in a colloidal Ouzo droplet. Self-lubricating colloidal Ouzo droplets are an efficient and simple approach to form supraparticles, overcoming the challenge of the coffee stain effect in situ. Supraparti...
The dissolution or growth of a droplet in a host liquid is an important part for processes like chemical extraction, chromatography or emulsification. In this work we look at the dissolution of a pair of vertically aligned droplets immersed in water, both experimentally and with numerical simulations. The liquids used for the droplets are long chai...
By varying the oil volume fraction, the microscopic droplet size and the macroscopic rheology of emulsions are investigated in a Taylor-Couette (TC) turbulent shear flow. Although here oil and water in the emulsions have almost the same physical properties (density and viscosity), unexpectedly, we find that oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O)...
Streaming Dynamic Mode Decomposition (sDMD) is a low-storage version of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a data-driven method to extract spatiotemporal flow patterns. Streaming DMD avoids storing the entire data sequence in memory by approximating the dynamic modes through incremental updates with new available data. In this paper, we use sDMD to...
When two droplets with different surface tensions collide, the shape evolution of the merging droplets is asymmetric. Using experimental and numerical techniques, we reveal that this asymmetry is caused by asymmetric capillary waves, which are the result of the different surface tensions of the droplets. We show that the asymmetry is enhanced by in...
Many environmental flows arise due to natural convection at a vertical surface, from flows in buildings to dissolving ice faces at marine-terminating glaciers. We use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of a vertical channel with differentially heated walls to investigate such convective, turbulent boundary layers. Through the implementa...
Long and slender liquid filaments are produced during inkjet printing, which can subsequently either retract to form a single droplet, or break up to form a primary droplet and one or more satellite droplets. These satellite droplets are undesirable since they degrade the quality and reproducibility of the print, and lead to contamination within th...
In this work, we unravel the role of surface properties of colloidal particles on the formation of supraparticles (clusters of colloidal particles) in a colloidal Ouzo droplet. Self-lubricating colloidal Ouzo droplets are an efficient and simple approach to form supraparticles, overcoming the challenge of the coffee stain effect in situ. Supraparti...
When a volatile drop impacts on a superheated solid, air drainage and vapour generation conspire to create an intermediate gas layer that delays or even prevents contact between the liquid and the solid. In this article, we use high-speed synchronized reflection interference and total internal reflection imaging to measure the short-time dynamics o...
When a droplet is brought in contact with an undercooled surface, it wets the substrate and solidifies at the same time. The interplay between the phase transition effects and the contact-line motion, leading to its arrest, remains poorly understood. Here we reveal the early solidification patterns and dynamics of spreading hexadecane droplets. Tot...
For an immiscible oil drop immersed in a stably stratified ethanol-water mixture, a downwards solutal Marangoni flow is generated on the surface of the drop, owing to the concentration gradient, and the resulting propulsion competes against the downwards gravitational acceleration of the heavy drop. In prior work of Li et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol...
The removal of microbubbles from substrates is crucial for the efficiency of many catalytic and electrochemical gas evolution reactions in liquids. The current work investigates the coalescence and detachment of bubbles generated from catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Self-propelled detachment, induced by the coalescence of two bubbles,...
A sequence of two and three-dimensional simulations is conducted for the double diffusive convection (DDC) flows in the diffusive regime subjected to an imposed shear. The flow is confined between two horizontal plates which are maintained at different constant temperature, salinity, and different velocity, thus setting up a shear across the flow....
In many environmental and industrial applications, the mass transfer of gases in liquid solvents is a fundamental process during the generation of bubbles for specific purposes or, vice versa, the removal of entrapped bubbles. We address the growth dynamics of a trapped slug bubble in a vertical glass cylinder under a water barrier. In the studied...
The removal of microbubbles from substrates is crucial for the efficiency of many catalytic and electrochemical gas evolution reactions in liquids. The current work investigates the coalescence and detachment of bubbles generated from catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Self-propelled detachment, induced by the coalescence of two bubbles,...
A rapidly growing bubble close to a free surface induces jetting: a central jet protruding outwards and a crown surrounding it at later stages. While the formation mechanism of the central jet is known and documented, that of the crown remains unsettled. We perform axisymmetric simulations of the problem using the free software program BASILISK, wh...
The impact of droplets on solids or weakly-deformable surfaces can lead to non-wetting outcomes, depending on the control parameters. Here, we perform experiments and develop a simple model to understand the impact dynamics by varying three important drop parameters: the Ohnesorge number $\mathcal{O}h$, the Bond number $\mathcal{B}o$ and the Weber...
Human respiratory events, such as coughing and sneezing, play an important role in the host-to-host airborne transmission of diseases. Thus, there has been a substantial effort in understanding these processes: various analytical or numerical models have been developed to describe them, but their validity has not been fully assessed due to the diff...
Enhancing the efficiency of water electrolysis, which can be severely impacted by the nucleation and growth of bubbles, is key in the energy transition. In this combined experimental and numerical study, in-situ bubble evolution and dissolution processes are imaged and compared to numerical simulations employing the immersed boundary method. We fin...
Plain Language Summary
Thermally driven turbulence with background rotation in spherical Rayleigh‐Bénard convection is found to be characterized by three distinctly different flow regions. The diffusion‐free scaling, which indicates the heat transfer is bulk‐dominated, originates from the mid‐latitude region in which vertically aligned vortices are...
The stability of high-end piezoacoustic drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printing is sometimes compromised by the entrainment of an air bubble inside the ink channel. Here, bubble pinch-off from an oscillating meniscus is studied in an optically transparent DOD printhead as a function of the driving waveform. We show that bubble pinch-off follows from l...
Plasmonic bubbles are of great relevance in numerous applications, including catalytic reactions, micro/nanomanipulation of molecules or particles dispersed in liquids, and cancer therapeutics. So far, studies have been focused on bubble nucleation in pure liquids. Here we investigate plasmonic bubble nucleation in ternary liquids consisting of eth...
Solvent exchange is a process involving mixing between a solute-containing good solvent and a poor one. The process creates local oversaturation which causes the nucleation of minute solute droplets. Such ternary systems on a macro-scale have remained unexplored in the turbulent regime. We experimentally study the solvent exchange process by inject...
When two droplets with different surface tensions collide, the shape evolution of the merging droplets is asymmetric. Using experimental and numerical techniques, we reveal that this asymmetry is caused by asymmetric capillary waves, which are the result of the different surface tensions of the droplets. We show that the asymmetry is enhanced by in...
Enhancing the efficiency of water electrolysis, which can be severely impacted by the nucleation and growth of bubbles, is key in the energy transition. In this combined experimental and numerical study, in-situ bubble evolution and dissolution processes are imaged and compared to numerical simulations employing the immersed boundary method. We fin...
Volatile drops deposited on a hot solid can levitate on a cushion of their own vapor, without contacting the surface. We propose to understand the onset of this so-called Leidenfrost effect through an analogy to nonequilibrium systems exhibiting a directed percolation phase transition. When performing impacts on superheated solids, we observe a reg...
When a rising bubble in a Newtonian liquid reaches the liquid-air interface, it can burst, leading to the formation of capillary waves and a jet on the surface. Here, we numerically study this phenomenon in a yield stress fluid. We show how viscoplasticity controls the fate of these capillary waves and their interaction at the bottom of the cavity....
In electrochemical systems, an understanding of the underlying transport processes is required to aid in their better design. This includes knowledge of possible near-electrode convective mixing that can enhance measured currents. Here, for a binary acidic electrolyte in contact with a platinum electrode, we provide evidence of electroconvective in...
Droplets are excellent platforms for compartmentalization of many processes such as chemical reactions, liquid–liquid extraction, and biological or chemical analyses. Accurately controlling and optimizing the composition of these droplets is of high importance to maximize their functionality. In this work, the formation of multicomponent droplets w...
The Boundary Integral Method (BIM) has been widely applied to simulate oscillating bubbles, for its high efficiency and accuracy. A conventional BIM assumes the fluid surrounding the bubble to be inviscid and incompressible. Wang & Blake (J. Fluid Mech., 659, 2010, 191–224) proposed an improved model for bubbles in a weakly compressible flow, which...
We numerically investigate turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection within two immiscible fluid layers, aiming to understand how the layer thickness and fluid properties affect the heat transfer (characterized by the Nusselt number $Nu$) in two-layer systems. Both two- and three-dimensional simulations are performed at fixed global Rayleigh number $R...
In the present work, we investigate the dynamic phenomena induced by solvent evaporation from ternary solutions confined in a Hele-Shaw cell. The model solutions consist of ethanol, water, and oil, and with the decrease in ethanol concentration by selective evaporation, they may undergo microdroplet formation via the ouzo effect or macroscopic liqu...
Plasmonic bubbles are of great relevance in numerous applications, including catalytic reactions, micro/nanomanipulation of molecules or particles dispersed in liquids, and cancer therapeutics. So far, studies have been focused on bubble nucleation in pure liquids. Here we investigate plasmonic bubble nucleation in ternary liquids consisting of eth...
With the aim of efficiently simulating three-dimensional multiphase turbulent flows with a phase-field method, we propose a new discretization scheme for the biharmonic term (the 4th-order derivative term) of the Cahn-Hilliard equation. This novel scheme can significantly reduce the computational cost while retaining the same accuracy as the origin...
A rapidly growing bubble close to a free surface induces jetting: a central jet protruding outwards and a crown surrounding it at later stages. While the formation mechanism of the central jet is known and documented, that of the crown remains unsettled. We perform axisymmetric simulations of the problem using the free software program basilisk, wh...
<https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLf5C5HCrvhLFETl6iaRr21pzr5Xab1OCM>
A typical case of bursting bubble in a Newtonian liquid medium: $\mathcal{J} = 0.0$ and $\mathcal{O}h = 10^{-2}$. The left part shows the magnitude of the velocity field, and the right part shows the magnitude of the Deformation tensor on a $\log_{10}$ scale. This video is asso...