
D. Christine CargillCentre for Australian National Biodiversity Research · Australian National Herbarium
D. Christine Cargill
B.Sc. (Hons)(Monash Uni, Australia; PhD (SIU, USA)
About
50
Publications
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Introduction
Bryologist, specialising in liverwort and hornwort taxonomy. Currently working on the Australian species of the liverwort genus Riccia.
Publications
Publications (50)
Background and Aims
Resolving the phylogeny of hornworts is critical in understanding the evolution of key morphological characters that are unique to the group, including the pyrenoid. Extensive phylogenomic analyses have revealed unexpected complexities in the placement of Leiosporoceros, the previously identified sister taxon to other hornworts....
Since 2003, knowledge of the diversity of the Australian hornwort and liverwort flora has improved as a result of collecting effort and study by a dedicated group of Australian-based researchers. Several of Australia's more challenging hornwort and liverwort genera have now been partially or completely revised, and molecular phylogenetic studies co...
Background and aims – Lethocolea (Acrobolbaceae) is a small liverwort genus of seven species distributed in temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere and on tropical mountains. The taxonomic history of the genus has been chaotic, the species were described under many different names and have been distinguished mainly based on geography. Here, we...
A re-examination of the original collection of Plagiothecium novae-seelandiae described by Brotherus in 1916 indicated that this material is not homogeneous. Re-examination of the diagnosis of this species and morphological analysis supports that two separate taxa should be distinguished – Plagiothecium novae-seelandiae var. novae-seelandiae and P....
Kahakuloa operculispora, a new simple thalloid liverwort endemic to Hawaiʻi, so far only known from high elevation bogs in western Maui, is described and illustrated. The thallus has prominent reddish-purple rhizoids, uniseriate ventral slime papillae and lacks scales. The plants are dioicous; male plants have antheridia sunken in several rows of d...
Premise
Bryophytes form a major component of terrestrial plant biomass, structuring ecological communities in all biomes. Our understanding of the evolutionary history of hornworts, liverworts and mosses has been significantly reshaped by inferences from molecular data, which have highlighted extensive homoplasy in various traits and repeated burst...
The new species, Fossombronia bracchia, from Lesueur National Park, an area of high vascular plant endemism and species richness in southwestern Western Australia, is described and illustrated; a distribution map is provided. The new species has strong morphological similarities to the South African species F. tumida.
Bryophytes are emerging as the sister-group to extant vascular plants, and their current diversity highlights that their life cycle characterized by a dominating vegetative gametophyte and an unbranched sporophyte composes a successful alternative to that of vascular plants and their dominating sporophyte. The evolutionary history of hornworts, liv...
A new species of Riccia is here described for the first time for Australia for section Piliferae, an infrageneric taxon which has its centre of diversity in southern Africa.
The family Anthocerotaceae is amongst the last remaining hornwort families to be tested for their monophyly. The recent publication of genomes for A. punctatus, A. agrestis and A. angustus has emphasized the need to understand generic and species boundaries within the family. Twenty-eight taxa within the family and three chloroplast genes were used...
Riccia okahandjana previously assumed to be an African endemic, is reported for the first time on the sub-continent of India. A morphological description and images of Riccia okahandjana are provided to facilitate identification.
Introduction
Half a century since the creation of the International Association of Bryologists, we carried out a review to identify outstanding challenges and future perspectives in bryology. Specifically, we have identified 50 fundamental questions that are critical in advancing the discipline.
Methods
We have adapted a deep-rooted methodology of...
A new endemic species of Fossombronia Raddi, F. pseudointenstinalis is described from New
South Wales, Australia. Fossombronia pseudointenstinalis superficially resembles the Australian endemic species, F. intestinalis, but differs in rhizoid colour and spore ornamentation
Among liverworts, the epiphytic lifestyle is not only present in leafy forms but also in thalloid liverworts, which so far has received little attention in evolutionary and biogeographical studies. Metzgeria, with about 107 species worldwide, is the only genus of thalloid liverworts that comprises true epiphytes. In the present study, we provide th...
The genus Riccia L. in the monsoon tropics of the Northern Territory north of the 18°S latitude is revised. Sixteen species are described in detail, including four new species (R. abdita Cargill, R. chrysocrinita Cargill, R. obchantiana Cargill and R. verrucosa Cargill), with accompanying images and line drawings. A key to the species and distribut...
Australia’s 2019–2020 ‘Black Summer’ bushfires burnt more than 8 million hectares of vegetation across the south-east of the continent, an event unprecedented in the last 200 years. Here we report the impacts of these fires on vascular plant species and communities. Using a map of the fires generated from remotely sensed hotspot data we show that,...
Introduction. Although Madagascar is known for its unique fauna and vascular flora, the country’s bryophyte flora in contrast is understudied and under collected. Arising from a bryophyte collecting expedition undertaken in May–June 2016, this paper describes a new species of simple thalloid liverwort, Fossombronia isaloensis, from Madagascar.
Meth...
The hornwort Anthoceros agrestis is emerging as a model system for the study of symbiotic interactions and carbon fixation processes. It is an annual species with a remarkably small and compact genome. Single accessions of the plant have been shown to be related to the cosmopolitan perennial hornwort Anthoceros punctatus. We provide the first detai...
Introduction. During a recent explorative field trip to the Western Ghats a new species of Riccia was discovered with possible links to the northern Australian species, Riccia caroliniana Na-Thalang.
Key Results. Morphological similarities between the new species, R. sahyadrica and R. caroliniana include the ventral positioning of the photosyntheti...
Several Australian Riccia taxa have been sequenced for the first time, with the majority from the monsoon tropics of the Northern Territory, north of 18° latitude. This allowed testing of several infrageneric groupings within the genus as well as morphological species concepts. Molecular data from one nuclear and four plastid markers support the ge...
The hornwort genus Notothylas is newly recorded for Australia. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and a key to the two known species, N. orbicularis and N. javanica are provided. A peculiar phenomenon involving presentation of the sporophyte on the ventral (rather than the dorsal) surface of the gametophyte, known only in Australian populations o...
A working checklist of accepted taxa worldwide is vital in achieving the goal of developing an online
flora of all known plants by 2020 as part of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. We here present
the first-ever worldwide checklist for liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta)
that includes 7486 species in 398 genera r...
The phylogenetic placement of Monocarpus sphaerocarpus D.J.Carr (Monocarpaceae), a member of the complex thalloid liverworts with highly specialised morphology, presumably related to its saltpan habitat, has been determined on the basis of molecular data. Within the complex thalloid liverworts, Monocarpus resolves as sister to the Sphaerocarpales c...
Prior to the publication of the world checklist of hornworts and liverworts (Soderstrom et al ., in press) some taxa still need to be validated, transferred or synonymized. We are here dealing with the remaining nomenclatural issues among the Anthocerotophyta. Several taxa have not been typified properly and we are here suggesting several new lecto...
Bryophytes are significant contributors to floristic diversity, but they are often neglected in field surveys and collections. Thus, in order to obtain more accurate estimates of plant richness, there must be reliable estimates of bryophyte diversity. To address this, we examined whether another plant group, namely the ferns, could be used as a sur...
The largest digitized dataset of land plant distributions in Australia assembled to date (750,741 georeferenced herbarium records; 6,043 species) was used to partition the Australian continent into phytogeographical regions. We used a set of six widely distributed vascular plant groups and three non-vascular plant groups which together occur in a v...
Recent molecular studies have redefined families and genera within the anthocerotes, but species boundaries are only now being revised. Monophyly of Australian and New Zealand taxa within the genus Megaceros Campb., which share the same spore and similar gametophyte morphology, was assessed. On the basis of sequence data, mainland Australian lineag...
A new genus Austroriella Cargill & Milne and species Austroriella salta Milne & Cargill within the family Riellaceae
is described. Known only from the type location at the margins of a saline lake in Western Australia it is the first record and
description of a terrestrial species within this typically aquatic family. Female plants are typical of t...
Stephani (1916) described two species of Anthoceros Linnaeus (1753: 1139) from Queensland, Australia, but the application of these names has been unclear. Herbarium collections at B, BM, HBG, L, MEL, PC, and W were searched in an attempt to find original material of these taxa. Two packets were found at G in the Stephani herbarium, one bearing the...
Fossombronia maritima G.A.M.Scott et D.C.Pike (1987: 378) is invalid, as it was described from multiple gatherings. The name was later validated via typification by Cargill in McCarthy (2003: 114) as Fossombronia maritima G.A.M.Scott et D.C.Pike ex Cargill.
Although understanding the patterns of diversity is essential for conservation and environmental studies, an understanding of bryophyte distributions in Australia has been limited by the absence of continental-scale maps for patterns of bryophyte diversity. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of species richness and endemism of hornw...
The liverwort genus Nowellia Mitt. was previously unknown from the Australian continent. During a collecting trip by the authors in June of 2001 throughout northern Queensland, two species were found, the Laurasian Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. from the cloud forest of Bellenden Kerr summit and the Malesian-Australasian Nowellia langii Pears....
Members of the liverwort family Fossombroniaceae are typically identified by the distinct ornamentation patterns on their spores. We have tested the hypothesis for Australian Fossombronia that using spore morphology is sufficient to identify species based on a monophyly criterion applied to a molecular phylogeny. We used the chloroplast markers rps...
The genus Phaeomegaceros is characterized by yellow spores with distal fovea, stomata in the capsule wall, pyrenoidless plastids and typically monandrous androecia. Based on morphology and sequence data we transfer Phaeoceros squamuligerus (Spruce) Hässel to the genus Phaeomegaceros and describe a new subspecies, P. squamuliger subsp. hasselii, fro...
Hornworts are the least species-rich bryophyte group, with around 200–250 species worldwide. Despite their low species numbers, hornworts represent a key group for understanding the evolution of plant form because the best–sampled current phylogenies place them as sister to the tracheophytes. Despite their low taxonomic diversity, the group has not...
Recent reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of hornworts has revealed novel hypotheses of unique common ancestries. The genus Megaceros, for example, was shown to be polyphyletic with New World species nested within Nothoceros. Here we present a sampling of most widely recognized species of both genera to provide a phylogenetic delimita...
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of hornworts were performed on a nucleotide data set consisting of mitochondrial nad5, chloroplast rbcL and nuclear 18S gene regions. Thirty-seven hornworts representing most of the named generic segregates and morphological diversity in the group were sampled for the three gene analysis while an additional 25 sample...
Four species within the hornwort genus Phaeoceros are recognized and described for Australia: the cosmopolitan P. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.; two new combinations of taxa endemic to Australia—P. evanidus (Steph.) Cargill & Fuhrer comb. nov., P. inflatus (Steph.) Cargill & Fuhrer comb. nov.; and a species new to science, P. engelii Cargill & Fuhre...
Proposals to conserve the names Fossombronia caespitiformis and Jungermannia angulosa with conserved types (Marchantiophyta: Fossombroniaceae)
Although the hornworts (anthocerotes) are a relatively small assemblage of approximately 150 species, generic boundaries and relationships within the group are controversial. The four prevailing classification schemes are based mainly on morphology and show little congruency. Here we set the foundation for contemporary phylogenetic and taxonomic st...
A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequence data from the plastid rbcL gene is presented for
20 species representing seven of eleven genera of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta). This analysis suggests hierarchical
relationships that are not reflected in any current classification. Hornworts are divided into several genetically diverge...
Lectotypes are explicitly designated for 43 taxa in the genus Fossombronia Raddi, with neotypes designated,for F. mauritanica Trab. and F pusilla var. beta capitata Nees. One name, F. pumila Dumort, is regarded as an orthographic error not based upon a specimen and thus, cannot be (typified. The entries are listed alphabetically, each with the corr...
The genus Sphaerosporoceros Hässel and Aspiromitus Section Brachyanthoceros Schuster are reviewed and treated as Anthoceros subgenus Sphaerosporoceros subg. nov. Anthoceros granulatus is reduced to a sub-species of A. adscendens.
Based on elater and spore characters, specimens collected from the northern region of Western Australia and Northern Ter...
Twenty-six of the species of Fossombronia listed in the Index Hepaticarum are tentatively accepted as good species. Taxonomic notes are given for 63 taxa and micrographs of spores for 18. The following reductions to synonymy are made: F. caledonica Steph. and F. macrocalyx Steph. to F. papillata; F. crassifolia Spruce and F. tenuifolia Spruce to F....
"Department of Plant Biology." Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 2000. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 425-440).