D. Cariolle

Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique | CERFACS · Environment

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of a solid rocket motor plume is performed with a reduced chemical scheme that is able to describe the postcombustion occurring in the multispecies supersonic plume between the unburnt exhaust and ambient air. The reduced chemical scheme is first evaluated on laminar flame cases in conditions representative of those enco...

In urban canopies, the variability of pollution may be influenced by the presence of surface heterogeneities like orography and buildings. Using the Meso-NH model enhanced with an immersed boundary method (IBM) to represent accurately the impact of the 3D shape of buildings on the flow, large-eddy simulations are performed over city of Toulouse (Fr...

The prior information used for Level 2 (L2) retrievals in the thermal infrared can influence the quality of the retrievals themselves and, therefore, their further assimilation in atmospheric composition models. In this study we evaluate the differences between assimilating L2 ozone profiles and Level 1 (L1) radiances from the Infrared Atmospheric...

This study describes the numerical implementation, verification and validation of an immersed boundary method (IBM) in the atmospheric solver Meso-NH for applications to urban flow modeling. The IBM represents the fluid–solid interface by means of a level-set function and models the obstacles as part of the resolved scales. The IBM is implemented b...

The prior information used for Level 2 (L2) retrievals in the thermal infrared can influence the quality of the retrievals themselves and, therefore, their further assimilation in atmospheric composition models. In this study we evaluate the differences between assimilating L2 ozone profiles and Level 1 (L1) radiances from the Infrared Atmospheric...

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Instrument (IASI) allows global coverage with very high spatial resolution and its measurements are promising for long-term ozone monitoring. In this study, Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) O3 profiles and IASI O3 partial columns (1013.25–345 hPa) are assimilated in a chemistry transport model to produce 6-hourly analys...

This study describes the numerical implementation, verification and validation of an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) in the atmospheric solver Meso-NH for applications to urban flow modelling. The IBM represents the fluid-solid interface by means of a LevelSet Function and models the obstacles as part of the resolved scales. The IBM is implemented wit...

This paper presents the results from numerical experiments of the early phase of contrail-cirrus formation using a limited set of fully three-dimensional, high-resolution large-eddy-simulations. The focus is laid on the interplay between atmospheric turbulence and the radiative transfer (and to a limited extent the ambient ice relative humidity), a...

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Instrument (IASI) allows global coverage with very high spatial resolution and its measurements are promising for long-term ozone monitoring. In this study, the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and IASI are assimilated in a chemistry transport model to produce 6-hourly analyses of tropospheric ozone during six years (20...

This article reports on the development and tests of the adaptive semi-implicit scheme (ASIS) solver for the simulation of atmospheric chemistry. To solve the ordinary differential equation systems associated with the time evolution of the species concentrations, ASIS adopts a one-step linearized implicit scheme with specific treatments of the Jaco...

In this study, we describe the development of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation module in the chemistry transport model (CTM) MOCAGE (Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle). Our goal is to assimilate the spatially averaged 2-D column AOD data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate-resolution Imag...

This article reports on the development and tests of the Adaptative Semi-Implicit Scheme (ASIS) solver for the simulation of atmospheric chemistry. To solve the Ordinary Differential Equation systems associated with the time evolution of the species concentrations, ASIS adopts a one step linearized implicit scheme with specific treatments of the Ja...

Model errors play a significant role in air quality forecasts. Accounting for them in the data assimilation (DA) procedures is decisive to obtain improved forecasts. We address this issue using a reduced-order coupled chemistry–meteorology model based on quasi-geostrophic dynamics and a detailed tropospheric chemistry mechanism, which we name QG-Ch...

Model errors play a significant role in air-quality forecasts. Accounting for them in the data assimilation (DA) procedures is decisive to obtain improved forecasts. We address this issue using a reduced-order chemical transport model based on quasi-geostrophic dynamics and a detailed tropospheric chemistry mechanism, which we name QG-Chem. This mo...

For the first time, a plume-in-grid approach is implemented in a chemical transport model (CTM) to parameterize the effects of the nonlinear reactions occurring within high concentrated NOx plumes from lightning NOx emissions (LNOx) in the upper troposphere. It is characterized by a set of parameters including the plume lifetime, the effective reac...

In this study, we describe the development of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation module in the chemistry-transport model (CTM) MOCAGE (Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle). Our goal is to assimilate the 2D column AOD data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiomete...

This paper focuses on a decisive step toward large-eddy simulation of a solid-rocket motor jet. A model based on solving constant-pressure reactors with a chemical solver was implemented. It is able to evaluate the temperature and chemical species distributions resulting from afterburning chemistry along streamlines of an existing frozen flowfield....

For the first time, a plume-in-grid approach is implemented in a chemical transport model (CTM) to parameterize the effects of the non-linear reactions occurring within high concentrated NOx plumes from lightning NOx emissions (LNOx) in the upper troposphere. It is characterized by a set of parameters including the plume lifetime, the effective rea...

In this work, the evolution of contrails in the vortex and dissipation regimes is studied by means of fully three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking method to treat the ice phase. In this paper, fine-scale atmospheric turbulence is generated and sustained by means of a stochastic forcing that mimics th...

To exploit the possibilities of parallel computers, we designed a large-scale bidimensional atmospheric transport model named Pangolin. As the basis for a future chemistry-transport model, a finite-volume approach was chosen both for mass preservation and to ease parallelization. To overcome the pole restriction on time-steps for a regular latitude...

In this work, the evolution of contrails in the vortex and dissipation regimes is studied by means of fully three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking method to treat the ice phase. This is the first paper where fine-scale atmospheric turbulence is generated and sustained by means of a stochastic forcing...

This paper focuses on two decisive steps towards Large Eddy Simulation of a solid rocket booster jet. First, three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulations of a non-reactive booster jet including the nozzle were obtained at flight conditions of 20 km of altitude. A particularly long computational domain (400 nozzle exit diameters in the jet axial directi...

To exploit the possibilities of parallel computers, we designed a large-scale bidimensional atmospheric transport model named Pangolin. As the basis for a future chemistry-transport model, a finite-volume approach was chosen both for mass preservation and to ease parallelization. To overcome the pole restriction on time-steps for a regular latitude...

Large-eddy simulations of stably stratified flows are carried out and analyzed using the mesoscale atmospheric model M,so-NH for applications to kilometer- and subkilometer-scale turbulence in the in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere. Different levels of turbulence are generated using a large-scale stochastic forcing technique that was espec...

Large-eddy simulations of sub-kilometer-scale turbulence in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) are carried out and analyzed using the mesoscale atmospheric model Méso-NH. Different levels of turbulence are generated using a large-scale stochastic forcing technique that was especially devised to treat atmospheric stratified flows. The s...

Our work is among the first that use an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) with online chemistry to evaluate the impact of future aviation emissions on temperature. Other particularities of our study include non-scaling to the aviation emissions, and the analysis of models' transient response using ensemble simulations. The model we...

Accurate and temporally resolved fields of free-troposphere ozone are of major importance to quantify the intercontinental transport of pollution and the ozone radiative forcing. In this study we examine the impact of assimilating ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) in...

The effects of the interaction between a model of aircraft trailing vortex and engine jets on the formation of a contrail in supersaturated ambient air are studied using Eulerian-Lagrangian two-phase flows large-eddy simulations. The three-dimensional structure of the contrail, the mean flow properties, and the statistical correlations between ice...

Accurate and temporally resolved fields of free-troposphere ozone are of major importance to quantify the intercontinental transport of pollution and the ozone radiative forcing. We consider a global chemical transport model (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Échelle, MOCAGE) in combination with a linear ozone chemistry scheme to examine the...

Our work is among the first that use an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) with online chemistry to evaluate the impact of future aviation emissions on temperature. Other particularities of our study include non-scaling to the aviation emissions, and the analysis of models' transient response using ensemble simulations. The model we...

In this article we study the influence of different characteristics of our assimilation system on surface ozone analyses over Europe. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the background error covariance matrix (BECM). Data assimilation systems require a BECM in order to obtain an optimal representation of the physical state. A posteriori diagnos...

The effects of atmospheric turbulence and humidity on the vortex phase of a contrail are analyzed using Eulerian-Lagrangian large-eddy simulations where turbulence is sustained via a stochastic forcing method. Humidity controls the fraction of surviving ice particles and ice growth rate, whereas turbulence controls the vortex breakup time when ice...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important tropospheric trace gases. In particular because of enhanced surface concentrations due to the main sources of CO that are incomplete fossil fuel and biomass burning. And with a lifetime of a few months CO can serve as a tracer for regional and inter-continental transport of polluted air. The chemist...

In this article we study the influence of different characteristics of our assimilation system on the surface ozone analyses over Europe. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the background error covariance matrix (BECM). Data assimilation systems require a BECM in order to obtain an optimal representation of the physical state. A posteriori dia...

For the period 1860–2100 (SRES scenario A1B for 2000–2100), the impact of road transport, maritime shipping and aviation on climate is studied using an Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM). In addition to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from these transport sectors, most of their non-CO₂ emissions are also taken i...

The pixel size of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) remote sensor is much smaller than the horizontal grid size of current Chemical Transport Models (CTMs). In order to assimilate the maximum of information from the IASI retrievals, we have increased the horizontal resolution of our model MOCAGE to be consistent with the IASI...

An important issue in the evaluation of the environmental impact of emissions from concentrated sources such as transport modes, is to understand how processes occurring at the scales of exhaust plumes can influence the physical and chemical state of the atmosphere at regional and global scales. Indeed, three-dimensional global circulation models o...

For the period 1860-2100 (SRES scenario A1B for 2000-2100), the impact of road transport, maritime shipping and aviation on climate is studied using an Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM). In addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from these transport sectors, most of their non-CO2 emissions are also taken into account, i.e., the...

The 2008 Antarctic ozone hole was one of the largest and most long-lived in recent years. Predictions of the ozone hole were made in near-real time (NRT) and hindcast mode with the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The forecasts were carried out both with and without assimilation of...

An important issue in the evaluation of the environmental impact of emissions from concentrated sources such as transport modes, is to understand how processes occurring at the scales of exhaust plumes can influence the physical and chemical state of the atmosphere at regional and global scales. Indeed, three-dimensional global circulation models o...

In general, regional and global chemistry transport models apply instantaneous mixing of emissions into the model's finest resolved scale. In case of a concentrated source, this could result in erroneous calculation of the evolution of both primary and secondary chemical species. Several studies discussed this issue in connection with emissions fro...

This paper presents an evaluation of a new linear parameterization valid for the troposphere and the stratosphere, based on a first order approximation of the carbon monoxide (CO) continuity equation. This linear scheme (hereinafter noted LINCO) has been implemented in the 3-D Chemical Transport Model (CTM) MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmospherique Gr...

A detailed full-chemistry 3-D chemistry and transport model (CTM) is used to evaluate the current stratospheric O3 parameterisation in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model and to obtain an alternative version of the ozone scheme implicitly including heterogeneous chemistry. The approach avoids the inaccurate treatmen...

This study describes three-dimensional numerical simulations of the evolution of an aircraft contrail during the first 30 min following the emission of exhausts. The wake is modeled as a vortex pair descending in a stratified atmosphere where turbulent fluctuations are sustained in the late dissipation regime. The focus of the study is laid on the...

The 2008 Antarctic ozone hole was one of the largest and most long-lived in recent years. Predictions of the ozone hole were made in near-real time (NRT) and hindcast mode with the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The forecasts were carried out both with and without assimilation of...

This paper presents an evaluation of a new linear parameterization valid for the troposphere and the stratosphere, based on a first order approximation of the carbon monoxide (CO) continuity equation. This linear scheme (hereinafter noted LINCO) has been implemented in the 3-D Chemical Transport Model (CTM) MOCAGE of Météo-France. On the one hand,...

This paper presents a comprehensive characterization of a very deep stratospheric intrusion which occurred over the British Isles on 15 August 2007. The signature of this event is diagnosed using ozonesonde measurements over Lerwick, UK (60.14° N, 1.19° W) and is also well characterized using meteorological analyses from the global operational weat...

This study describes a high-resolution numerical simulation of the evolution of an aircraft condensation trail (contrail) and its transition into a contrail-cirrus. The results show the extension of the contrail over 3200m width during a few hours. In particular, we show that the vertically integrated optical thickness is maintained in the core of...

A detailed full-chemistry 3-D chemistry and transport model (CTM) is used to evaluate the current stratospheric O₃ parameterisation in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model and to obtain an alternative version of the ozone scheme implicitly including heterogeneous chemistry. The approach avoids the inaccura...

In general, regional and global chemistry transport models apply instantaneous mixing of emissions into the model's finest resolved scale. In case of a concentrated source, this could result in erroneous calculation of the evolution of both primary and secondary chemical species. Several studies discussed this issue in connection with emissions fro...

The POGEQA (Observation of Air Quality from a Geostationary Platform) project is a French and German initiative currently funded by RTRA STAE (Midi-Pyrenees region). It links also with other international teams and initiatives sharing similar objectives, such as GEOCAPE. Using a sophisticated chemical data assimilation system, MOCAGE-PALM, POGEQA a...

Simulating the interaction between fire and atmosphere is critical to the estimation of the rate of spread of the fire. Wildfire’s convection (i.e., entire plume) can modify the local meteorology throughout the atmospheric boundary layer and consequently affect the fire propagation speed and behaviour. In this study, we use for the first time the M...

A method is presented to parameterize the impact of the nonlinear chemical reactions occurring in the plume generated by concentrated NOx sources into large-scale models. The resulting plume parameterization is implemented into global models and used to evaluate the impact of aircraft emissions on the atmospheric chemistry. Compared to previous app...

This study describes high-resolution numerical simulations of the evolution of an aircraft contrail and its transition into a contrail-cirrus. The contrail is modeled as a vortex pair descending in a stratified atmosphere where turbulent fluctuations are sustained in the late regime of diffusion. The focus of this study is laid on the three-dimensi...

With the use of data assimilation, we study the quality of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) total ozone column measurements. The IASI data are provided by the inversion of IASI radiances performed at the Laboratoire ATmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS). This data set is initially compared on a five-month peri...

Poster presented in the EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19-24 april 2009

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is one of the five European new generation instruments carried by the polar-orbiting MetOp-A satellite. Data assimilation is a powerful tool to combine these data with a numerical model. This paper presents the first steps made towards the assimilation of the total ozone columns from the IASI...

This paper presents a complete characterization of a very deep stratospheric intrusion which occurred over the British Isles on 15 August 2007. The signature of this event is diagnosed using ozonesonde measurements over Lerwick, UK (60.14° N, 1.19° W) and is also well characterized using meteorological analyses from the global operational weather p...

We have studied the impact of the recently observed reaction NO+HO₂→HNO₃ on atmospheric chemistry. A pressure and temperature-dependent parameterisation of this minor channel of the NO+HO₂→NO₂+OH reaction has been included in both a 2-D stratosphere-troposphere model and a 3-D tropospheric chemical transp...

We have studied the impact of the recently established reaction NO+HO₂?HNO₃ on atmospheric chemistry. A pressure and temperature-dependent parameterisation of this minor channel of the NO+HO₂?NO₂+OH reaction has been included in both a 2-D stratosphere-troposphere model and a 3-D tropospheric chemical tra...

In this paper we investigate the evolution of the northern polar vortex during the winter 2002–2003 in the lower stratosphere by using assimilated fields of ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Both O3 and N2O used in this study are obtained from the Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) aboard the Odin satellite and are assimilated into the global three-...

We present the configuration of the Météo-France Chemistry and Transport Model (CTM) MOCAGE-Climat that will be dedicated to the study of chemistry and climate interactions. MOCAGE-Climat is a state-of-the-art CTM that simulates the global distribution of ozone and its precursors (82 chemical species) both in the troposphere and the stratosphere, u...

Space-based remote-sensing instruments providing atmospheric measurements have different time and space resolutions, and coverage. This makes the direct comparison of the measurements very difficult. Data assimilation has proven to be a far more powerful tool than simple interpolation techniques to create three-dimensional analyzed fields for a giv...

An exceptional ozone increase in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere region has been recorded by an ozone sounding performed over the high Canadian Arctic at the beginning of August 2003. Simultaneously observed low humidity and low tropopause height suggest that this anomalous ozone enhancement is attributed to a downward transport from the s...