Cynthia Feltner

• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Importance Children with speech and language difficulties are at risk for learning and behavioral problems. Objective To review the evidence on screening for speech and language delay or disorders in children 5 years or younger to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, ERIC, Linguist...

This systematic review to support the 2023 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on serologic screening for genital herpes summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and interventions for genital herpes in asymptomatic sexually active adolescents, adults, and pregnant persons with no clinical history o...

Importance Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective To review the evidence on screening for OSA in asymptomatic adults or those with unrecognized OSA symptoms to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and trial registries through August 23, 20...

Objective For the first time in its history, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published a recommendation on screening for eating disorders among adolescents and adults in primary care. The current manuscript provides an overview of the USPSTF recommendation, screening principles, and suggestions for clinical and research ef...

Importance: Eating disorders are associated with adverse health and social outcomes. Objective: To review the evidence on screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and trial registries through December 19, 2020; surveillance throu...

Importance Type 2 diabetes is common and is a leading cause of morbidity and disability. Objective To review the evidence on screening for prediabetes and diabetes to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through September 2019; references; and experts; literatur...

Importance Hearing loss is common in older adults and associated with adverse health and social outcomes. Objective To update the evidence review on screening for hearing loss in adults 50 years or older to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries through January 17, 2020;...

Importance Intimate partner violence (IPV), elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults are common and result in adverse health outcomes. Objective To review the evidence on screening and interventions for IPV, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBA...

Importance Postmenopausal status coincides with increased risks for chronic conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, or some types of cancers. Previously, hormone therapy was used for the primary prevention of these chronic conditions. Objective To update evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force on the benefi...

Importance Preschool vision screening could allow detection and treatment of vision abnormalities during a critical developmental stage, preserving function and quality of life. Objective To review the evidence on screening for and treatment of amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children aged 6 months to 5 years to inform the US...

(Abstracted from JAMA 2016;316(23):2531–2543) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause genital herpes infection, and there are 2 subtypes of the virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. The infection is transmitted sexually, and infected patients may or may not experience symptoms.

Importance Many adverse health outcomes are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Objective To review primary care–relevant evidence on screening adults for OSA, test accuracy, and treatment of OSA, to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries through October 2015,...

Importance Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. Vertical transmission of HSV can lead to fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the evidence on serologic screening and preventive interventions for genital HSV infection in asymptomatic adults and adolescents to support the US Preven...

Importance: Five to ten percent of individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) progress to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Identifying and treating LTBI is a key component of the strategy for reducing the burden of TB disease. Objective: To review the evidence about targeted screening and treatment for LTBI among adults in primary ca...

Background: The Total Worker Health (TWH) program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health aims to advance worker well-being by integrating injury and illness prevention efforts with work-related safety and health hazard efforts. Purpose: To evaluate evidence on the benefits and harms of integrated TWH interventions. Data so...

Numerous guidelines have been developed over the past decade regarding treatments for Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, given differences in guideline recommendations, some uncertainty exists regarding the selection of effective PTSD therapies. The current manuscript assessed the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects...

In Reply We agree with Dr Saitz that disulfiram may benefit some patients but not that the trials cited adequately establish disulfiram efficacy. These trials were designed to evaluate closely monitored programs that included disulfiram and additional counseling, social support, coaching, or a combination of these. At best, they might allow a concl...

To assess whether response to medications for alcohol use disorders varies by genotype. Systematic review and meta-analysis. We found no studies that assessed the clinical utility of genotype-guided dosing strategies or genotype-guided medication selection, and none randomized by genotype. All included studies assessed the association between genot...

Background: Approximately 10% of ischemic strokes are caused by carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Estimated prevalence of asymptomatic CAS is 1%. Purpose: To evaluate evidence on screening and treating asymptomatic adults for CAS. Data sources: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries through September 2013; MEDLINE through Mar...

Background: Nearly 25% of patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are readmitted within 30 days. Purpose: To assess the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and harms of transitional care interventions to reduce readmission and mortality rates for adults hospitalized with HF. Data sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrial...

Alcohol use disorders cause substantial morbidity and early mortality yet remain greatly undertreated. Medications are considerably underused. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of medications (US FDA-approved and others) for adults with alcohol use disorders. PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBAS...