Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo Fernandes

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Full) at Federal University of Paraná

Human actions are caused by multiple ecological stresses that affect native biotas. River biofilms are large aggregates composed of a wide range of organisms. In water resources, biofilms are subject to hydrological variations, which can influence colony processes. This study aimed to verify the state of the art on the relationship between hydrolog...

Reservoirs present different and intrinsic characteristics from the point of view of physical, chemical, and biological nature from other environmental systems. They therefore should be characterized differently for a better representation aiming for proper planning and management strategies. This paper analyzes eleven reservoirs and develops a cla...

Caffeine, considered an emerging contaminant, serves as an indicator of anthropic influence on water resources. This research employs various modeling techniques, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and more, along with hybrid and ensemble methods, to predict caffeine concentrations (in regression and classification scen...

RESUMO-A urbanização historicamente traz consigo uma série de desafios relacionados à gestão dos recursos hídricos. Embora no Brasil a legislação e as instituições estejam estruturadas há um tempo, ainda há uma série de problemas relacionados à disponibilidade hídrica quali-quantitativa. Em termos qualitativos, o meio urbano normalmente exige medid...

Water quality management requires a combination of hydrological and water quality data analysis, which must be interpreted to propose actions for pollutant load removal. The regulation of water quality management in Brazil is based on concentration limits. Generally, the concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is adopted to represent the w...

RESUMO-A poluição difusa durante eventos de chuva é um desafio significativo para a gestão das águas urbanas, afetando a qualidade dos corpos hídricos. Este estudo visa avaliar as concentrações e cargas poluentes do escoamento superficial observadas durante eventos de chuva e compará-las com estimativas obtidas através de um modelo empírico. O moni...

RESUMO-O Brasil ainda não alcançou a universalização dos serviços de águas urbanas, o que torna a gestão integrada dessas águas ainda mais crucial. Por esse motivo, o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de apoio à decisão que utilizem uma abordagem integrada no planejamento das águas urbanas se torna importante, como é o caso da ferramenta Urban Water U...

A estimativa da evaporação de lagos e reservatórios é essencial para quantificar as perdas de volume de água disponível, sendo um processo crucial no ciclo hidrológico e indispensável para a gestão eficaz dos recursos hídricos. Embora muitos estudos tenham realizado estimativas de evaporação de lagos com diferentes modelos, um número pequeno de est...

This study addresses the diurnal variation in water quality and phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in a reservoir influenced by a floating photovoltaic system (FPS). Two daily campaigns were conducted in 2023, one in february and another in august, to monitor the physico-chemical parameters of the water, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen...

This paper presents an analysis of the challenges associated with discoloration risk management and the impact of hydraulic transients on water quality within distribution systems. Focusing on the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, the study employs a comprehensive methodology that combines the Characteristic Method for simulating hyd...

In response to pressing global challenges like climate change, rapid population growth, and an urgent need for sustainable infrastructure, cities face an immediate and crucial necessity to transition swiftly toward an integrated approach to managing urban water resources. This shift is not merely an option but an imperative, driven by the rapidly e...

Changes in water quality are a consequence of water and land use dynamics. Measuring these relationships is challenging, especially when looking at distinct variables such as traditional organic matter constituents and emerging compounds. Although monitoring is necessary for proper water resource planning and management strategies, a comprehensive...

For the efficient management of water and soil conservation, quality and quantity aspects must be integrated. However, there is still a lack of studies with this synergy including governance processes. The present research evaluated for ten years (2010-2019) quality and quantity aspects of a water supply source and the Payment for Environmental Ser...

Ensuring compliance with the minimum Water Quality Standards stipulated by law demands the implementation of strategic measures within the watershed. Water pollution modeling serves as a tool to guide the formulations of effective pollution control strategies. However, the inherent complexity of calibration, spatial-temporal variability, and uncert...

A gestão integrada das águas urbanas vem sendo apontada como uma solução para diversos problemas relacionados ao acesso dos serviços de saneamento básico. Nesse contexto, com a utilização da ferramenta de apoio a decisão Urban Water Use (UWU), foram realizadas duas simulações para o município de Almirante Tamandaré-PR, com níveis distintos de integ...

The strategy of considering a model that is comparable to the Soil Conservation Service Curve–Number (SCS-CN) method that employs land use maps to estimate the effects of land use on the water quality has considerable potential for application. This paper presents the LUPC (Land Use Pollutant Contribution) Model to estimate water pollution from the...

The constant monitoring of water quality is fundamental for the understanding of the aquatic environment, yet it demands great financial investments and is susceptible to inconsistencies and missing values. Using a database composed of 59 sampling campaigns, performed for 12 years, on 10 monitoring stations along the Iguassu River Basin (Southern B...

Water quality models are often applied to support the definitions for water resources planning and management. This process requires appropriate data to calibrate and make the required verification process for validation analysis. However, in some case studies, there is not enough data to run a complex water quality model whatever is the water syst...

Water resources planning and management are dependable on an adequate integration of physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic realities of multiple water users. The dynamic of water quantity and quality in rivers are affected by several conditions, such as land use, soil characteristics, and meteorological and hydrological processes. Amon...

There has been an increasing number of global model studies that relate water quality to the watershed land use. The strategy of considering a model that is comparable to the Soil Conservation Service Curve-Number method that employs land use maps to estimate the effects of land use on the water quality, has considerable potential for application....

The universalization of sanitation services is a fundamental principle of Brazilian legislation. However, more recent data indicate that it is still far from happening. Sanitation planning instruments in Brazil encourage the use of integrated urban water management, which is seen as a solution to problems of access to basic sanitation services. In...

The geochemistry of copper (Cu) is generally assumed to be controlled by organic matter in soils. However, the role of clay and iron oxide minerals may be understated. Soil density fractionation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were combined to assess the long-term behavior of Cu in an agricultural soil subject to o...

An indicator that correlates physical quantities with water quality has great relevance for the definition of projects and understanding of real hydraulic transient phenomena. The work proposing a method to estimate water quality in real system focusing on turbidity measurements during a transient, as surrogate to understand potential dynamics in r...

Law n° 14,026 from 15 July 2020, upgrades Brazil’s new national sanitation framework. Whether this upgrade in the Law is not the market sequestering the Brazilian ‘Blue and brown gold’ had been pretty debated, however, we prefer to address two research questions: what water quality should we expect in Brazil’s urban rivers? How should the managemen...

A maioria dos cursos d'água da bacia do rio Doce não se encontra enquadrada em classes atualmente. Na região, há grande supressão da cobertura vegetal, pastagens degradadas e fragilidade quanto à susceptibilidade à erosão. Outra problemática se refere à existência de minerações em regiões de cabeceira de drenagens, bem como a falta de tratamento de...

A legislação brasileira estabelece que haja universalização de acesso ao saneamento, mas o cenário atual prova que isso está longe de acontecer. Como forma de buscar a universalização, o uso e gerenciamento sustentáveis da água em seu ciclo urbano, na infraestrutura sanitária urbana e nas edificações, são demandas urgentes. No entanto, o planejamen...

Parte da gestão de recursos hídricos no Brasil é controlada pelo Enquadramento, ferramenta que define classes de rios baseando-se em concentrações limite de parâmetros de qualidade da água, atuando como base para definição de metas futuras para o rio. Essas metas são importantes para que o gestor tenha noção dos efeitos das alterações de uso do sol...

Limited water quality data is often responsible for incorrect model descriptions and misleading interpretations in terms of water resources planning and management scenarios. This study compares two hybrid strategies to convert discrete concentration data into continuous daily values for one year in distinct river sections. Model A is based on an a...

O planejamento e a gestão territorial são processos baseados na organização do espaço geográfico, que foi se consolidando por meio de pressupostos e regras comuns que viabilizaram a vivência em sociedade. Através de diversos mecanismos legais é possível determinar áreas com algum tipo de restrição socioambiental ao uso da terra. O presente estudo p...

Zinc (Zn) occurs naturally in soils, but spreading Zn-rich livestock manure on agricultural soils may lead to hazardous Zn levels. Interactions between exogenous Zn (from animal manure) and the soil matrix must be assessed to predict its behavior. We conducted soil density fractionation using sodium polytungstate solutions (LST) to isolate and iden...

Rainfall events induce water quality transformation in river systems influenced by the watershed land use and hydrology dynamics. In this context, an adaptive monitoring approach (AMA) is used to assess non-point sources (NPS) of pollution events, through dissolved organic matter (DOM) contribution. The case study is a monitoring site in a semi-urb...

In urban areas, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a major role in the water quality of rivers. The removal efficiency of emerging contaminants by WWTPs is strongly correlated with the type of treatment and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the process, which can vary ac-cording to the volumetric influent flow of wastewater and occasional...

Limited water quality data is often responsible for incorrect model description and misleading interpretation in water resources planning and management scenarios. This study compares two hybrid strategies to convert discrete concentration data into continuous daily values for one year in different river sections. Model A is based on an autoregress...

The organic matter (OM) is an essential part for the maintenance of the aquatic life. However, effluent discharges into water bodies have a significant negative impact on the environment through anthropogenic OM. In this context, land use and occupation plays an important role on water quality management. Several studies focused on the relationship...

Hydrodynamic modelling is an important tool for several studies, such as flood forecasting and analysis of energy and mass transport. In rivers, the most common calibration parameter is the roughness coefficient, that accounts for the friction term. However, while uncertainties are associated to this parameter definition, it is often defined as con...

O acompanhamento do avanço antrópico em bacias hidrográficas a partir da avaliação da cobertura do solo tem grande utilidade na gestão de recursos hídricos, como no caso do modelo chuva-vazão CN-SCS que utiliza o conceito de curva-número (CN) para estimar qual o potencial da precipitação tornar-se escoamento superficial com base na cobertura e tipo...

Water quality in reservoirs usually is monitored according to the energy company monitoring program, which is approved by the environmental agency for licensing purposes. These programs provide robust databases. However, rarely the water quality historical series are evaluated in a detailed way. Thus, aiming to expand the knowledge towards Vossoroc...

Research regarding nonpoint pollution in Brazil represents a challenge. Within this scenario, computational alternatives for land use impact evaluation and mitigation strategies evaluation are attractive. This work presents two methods: the first is an integrated method for pollutant load and potential pollution risk evaluation, based on the unit l...

Os episódios de chuva levam ao aumento da vazão do corpo hídrico e ao consequente incremento de poluição por vias difusa devido ao carreamento de particulado pelo escoamento superficial. A forma como os elementos nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P) se encontram no sistema aquático define o tipo de interações que podem ocorrer com eles ou a partir deles em...

Find here the paper: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1b6vpB8ccoDm9 The management-oriented CICLAR lumped model for carbon dynamics and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission assessment, is presented. A metaheuristic calibration, through a Pareto based multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO), is used to automatically calibrate the model with data f...

While advection, dispersion, and their hydraulic background are broadly explored in water quality modelling, conversion processes (reaction and decay rates) usually lack of attention. They represent physical, chemical and biological processes that reactive substances go through in contact with water, typically assumed as calibration parameters. Thi...

O entendimento da dinâmica do fósforo no ecossistema e sua correta e precisa quantificação é fundamental para adequada tomada de decisão na gestão de recursos hídricos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o melhor método analítico para quantificação do fósforo por meio de três metodologias de digestão ácida distintos de extração de f...

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar os dados oficiais sobre as usinas de geração de energia hidrelétrica no Brasil e verificar a sua aplicação em modelos de previsão de emissão de gases do efeito estufa (GEE). Para tal, foram usados os dados oficiais da ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) e da revisão bibliográfica, e o modelo de análise cr...

Probably not. This paper aims to contribute to the assessment of climate change impact at the river basins. Here we propose some criteria that can be easily followed to decide on the choice of climate indicators. Based on the Indicator Method, were collected a set of indicators take into account some previously defined criteria over four main compo...

The impacts of climate change, such as floods, droughts, windstorms, and others are evident, and the surrounding issues, have been discussed all over the world. However, the big challenge still on how to recover from those impacts, it means, the resilience of the systems. On the other hand, there is a consensus that the solution has to come from a...

Índices de qualidade da água são amplamente utilizados para o diagnóstico de corpos d?água. Para a avaliação de ambientes lênticos, o IAP (Instituto Ambiental do Paraná) criou o IQAR (Índice de Qualidade de Água em Reservatórios) em 2004. O índice foi aplicado para o reservatório Vossoroca, no Paraná, como estudo de caso. Além disso, foi realizada...

Caffeine is a chemical largely consumed worldwide. Several studies have identified this substance in natural waters, using it as a tracer for anthropic pollution. However, its effects on ecosystems are not completely know, besides the physical-chemical-biological interactions with the surrounding environment. In such a context, this study presents...

Scientists and water resources managers are increasingly worried about issues related to uncertainty. Although uncertainty analysis has been required in the decision-making processes, there is still a lack of knowledge on how to do it. The application of statistical methods for water resources research requires time series to be compliant with the...

Diffuse pollution caused by rainfall events potentially affects water quality in rivers and, therefore, must be investigated in order to improve water quality planning and management recovery strategies. For these, a quali-quantitative approach was used to monitor the water quality parameters in a river located in a semi-urban watershed area based...

Recent water resources planning and management strategies state that the concepts of risk and variable inputs should be appraised in order to comply with multiple conditions. This becomes evident especially in environments with diverse uses of water, land use and climate change. In such a context, modelling of discharges and concentrations in river...

Highly urbanized watersheds exert strong pressure on water resources, since when organic matters present in anthropogenic effluents are in excess, especially labile fractions, a strong impact on degradation of water quality, aquatic fauna and flora, and the overall ecosystem is often observed. Robust monitoring strategies are therefore required to...

In this study, an alternative laboratory experimental approach was used to simulate leakage through round shape orifices in a complex pressurized pipe network. In order to achieve a good representation of leakage in water distribution systems, the laboratory network was supplied by centrifugal hydraulic pumps and the leaks were submerged in water d...

The main objective of this study is to assess potential sensitiveness of surge events under real distinct topology representation using 14 hydraulic transient indicators. This study is also to find how inertia and compressibility effects are potentially relevant, to determine protection strategies for attenuating transient events, and to decrease t...

In the context of reservoirs, sediment trapping, and aquatic greenhouse gas (GHG) production, knowledge about the distribution of hot and low spots is essential for improved measurement strategies. It is also a key to a precise assessment of the GHG emissions of each reservoir. Large numbers of reservoirs are used mainly for hydroelectric power gen...

In the context of reservoirs, sediment trapping and aquatic greenhouse gas production, the knowledge about the distribution of hot- and low-spots is essential for improved measurement strategies. This is a keystone for a precise assessment of the GHG emissions of each reservoir. Large numbers of reservoirs are used mainly for hydroelectric power ge...

O Rio Barigui é um dos principais afluentes do Rio Iguaçu e está localizado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. É uma sub-bacia urbanizada e o rio recebe aporte de diversos tipos de efluentes, agrícolas, industriais e domésticos. Ao longo do seu curso recebe efluentes de três estações de tratamento de esgoto. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avali...

The mathematical representation of pollutant behavior dynamics allows predicting environmental conditions and action responses in a water system. However, questions regarding data entry proprieties are key aspects for results reliability. On this matter, this paper seeks to indicate the role of upstream boundary condition, when propagated by a unst...

The correct representation and integration of physical, chemical, and biological aspects of a water body provides means to appropriately manage multiple water uses, through modeling tools. Several alternatives may be explored for this analysis, but the identification of reaction rates, usually calibration parameters, is fundamental for the quality...

The challenge imposed by law no. 9433/97 to establish mechanisms for the recovery of bodies of water led to a dynamic of research that could guarantee not only an adequate understanding of the management instruments but also the technical basis for their application. In this research, emphasis was placed on understanding the dynamics of organic mat...

Floating chambers are widely used to estimate gas fluxes at the air–water interface of surface waters especially to assess greenhouse gas emissions from manmade lakes and reservoirs. The fluxes measured by the chamber method, however, can be significantly biased, as the chamber itself is an intrusive gas flux monitoring method based on measuring gr...

The water resources quality continuous monitoring is a complex activity. It generates extensive databases with time series of many variables and monitoring points that require the application of statistical methods for the information extraction. The application of statistical methods for frequency analysis of time series is linked to attending of...

Water quality simulations have been applied for management purposes in several countries. Despite the fact that numerous models with reliable numerical solutions are available today, several important questions remain challenging, such as sampling frequency (which affects the quality of modeling results), flow representation (water pathway, volume...

Ingredients in home and personal care products, including UV filters and benzotriazoles, are high production volume chemicals extensively used in our daily life, despite several studies revealed their potential eco-toxicity and endocrine-disrupting capacity. Due to some features, such as high lipophilicity, low degradability, and persistence of man...

As NBRs nº 9.897 (ABNT, 1987a) e nº 9.898 (ABNT, 1987b) auxiliam no monitoramento de recursos hídricos de modo a sugerir a localização e o número de postos amostrais, inclusive aqueles ao longo de uma seção transversal do rio que variam conforme a sua largura e profundidade. Contudo, diante da complexidade e dos recursos necessários à prática de mo...

Purpose: Fecal sterols (FSs) and bile acids (BAs) are biomarkers that can be used to track sewage pollution. These biomarkers offer an alternative to microbiological analyses, which have several weaknesses, including a lack of specificity. FSs are recognized fecal biomarkers, but there are very few studies showing the use of BAs as a fecal tracer,...

Sustainability of hydropower reservoirs has been questioned since the detection of their greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions which are mainly composed of carbon dioxide and methane. A method to assess the impact on the carbon cycle caused by the transition from a natural river system into a reservoir is presented and discussed. The method evaluates the l...

Spreading livestock manure as fertilizer on farmlands is a widespread practice. It represents the major source of heavy metal(loid)s (HM) input in agricultural soils. Since zinc (Zn) is present at high concentrations in manure, it poses special environmental concerns related to phytotoxicity, groundwater contamination, and introduction in the food...

RESUMO Modelos hidrodinâmicos, formados pelas equações de Saint-Venant, representam o escoamento transitório em sistemas hídricos, e simulam a propagação de vazões ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Diversas soluções numéricas têm sido aplicadas a essas expressões, porém frequentemente são encontradas diferenças de resultados entre procedimentos, uma v...

A Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, instituída pela Lei 9.433, de 1997, (BRASIL, 1997), propõe um novo paradigma fundamentado na gestão integrada, descentralizada e participativa dos recursos hídricos em todos os níveis territoriais da administração. Para tanto, esse modelo de gestão envolve as ordens do poder público, usuários e sociedade ci...

The main goal of this paper was to develop and evaluate the applicability of an organic carbon simulation model to simulate the water quality in polluted rivers. The methodological approach is based on the hypothesis that different fractions of organic carbon, such as particulate, dissolved, labile and refractory, can differently impact in the oxyg...

Water quality models have been used as tools for planning and water resources management in many countries. Generally, in rivers the simulations are based on flow conditions under steady regime. However, urbanized basins have an intense dynamics, the consequence of land use and soil occupation mechanisms, able to induce pollution processes that req...

Anthropogenic activities in the watersheds are responsible for land use changes, thus interfering in its rivers flows regimes. Consequently, changes occur in the hydrological series statistical moments, a condition known as nonstationarity. The use of a nonstationary time series can cause relevant errors, misleading and biasing the ongoing analyses...

A obtenção dos parâmetros de um modelo hidrológico não é trivial e apresenta muitas dificuldades. Neste contexto, ferramentas para a calibração automática têm auxiliado este processo. Dentre elas, o software Rainfall Runoff Library (RRL) oferece diversos algoritmos de otimização e funções-objetivo. O presente trabalho procura avaliar o desempenho d...

The simulation of water quality under unsteady conditions is composed by the solution of the Saint-Venant equations and the expression that considers advection, dispersion and reaction processes. The first are the hydrodynamic model, and provide the velocity and cross sections variations in the channel, used for the solution of the onedimensional w...

In this work, we discuss the use of fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation-emission matrix) for the characterization of organic matter in different aquatic environments (reservoirs and rivers). The patterns indicating natural and anthropogenic sources of fluorescent components for river and reservoir water samples were observed through the identific...

The presence of highly urbanized and polluted areas affects both the quantity and the composition of organic matter in rivers through effluent loads and urban runoff discharges in watersheds. In such context, this paper aims to evaluate the biodegradability of anthropogenic organic matter in polluted rivers. Stream water samples were collected in t...

Environmental issues associated with greenhouse gases emission, notably methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in reservoirs became a source of interest due to studies published in the 90s, which highlighted the potential negative impact of this energy source. Studies which followed these premises have focused on measuring the fluxes of these ga...

O trabalho procuracontribuir para as políticas internacionais de cooperação ambiental,tratando da gestão integrada da bacia hidrográfica do Okavango. Analisa a implementação de leis e políticas institucionais para a gestão da bacia, bem como discute a necessidade de integração para a minimização dos conflitos no que concerne ao seu uso sustentável,...