Cristóbal Lozano

University of Granada | UGR · Departamento de Filologías Inglesa y Alemana

Referential expressions (REs) have been investigated in L2 English but to date there is no single study that systematically and simultaneously analyzes the development and acquisition of the multiple factors that constrain the choice of REs in natural discourse production. We investigate L1 Spanish–L2 English learners across three proficiency level...

The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader into the research process and to show them the use of a software to analyse corpus data and to design a follow-up experiment. To do so, we take a particular linguistic phenomenon as a case in point: the acquisition of pronouns in Spanish as a second language (L2). We present a brief overview of re...

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Corpora is a state-of-the-art collection of cutting-edge scholarship at the intersection of second language acquisition (SLA) and learner corpus research. It draws on data-driven, statistical analysis to outline the background, methods, and outcomes of language learning, with a range of glob...

An area of second language acquisition (SLA) that has received much attention over the past decades is how adult second language (L2) learners acquire and process anaphors like overt and null pronouns. Anaphors are a pervasive phenomenon in language. SLA researchers have focused on Anaphora Resolution (AR), i.e., the mechanisms that allow speakers...

This article presents and reviews a new methodological resource for research in second language acquisition (SLA), CEDEL2 ( Corpus Escrito del Español L2 ‘L2 Spanish Written Corpus’), and its free online search-engine interface ( cedel2.learnercorpora.com ). CEDEL2 is a multi-first-language corpus (Spanish, English, German, Dutch, Portuguese, Itali...

This study investigates the acquisition of anaphora resolution (AR) in Spanish as a second language (L2). According to the Position of Antecedent Strategy (PAS), in native Spanish null pronominal subjects are biased toward subject antecedents, whereas overt pronominal subjects show a "flexible" bias (typically toward non-subject but also toward sub...

Anaphora Resolution (AR) is a pervasive phenomenon in natural languages. AR relates to how referring expressions (REs) (e.g., null/overt subject pronouns, and NPs) corefer with their antecedents in discourse. We use corpus methods to simultaneously compare AR in two null-subject languages (Spanish vs. Greek). We analyse a Spanish-native sample (CED...

This paper discusses a pilot study on null argument interpretation by Spanish learners of L2 Japanese (S-JFLs), examining the possibility of L1 influence from an Argument Ellipsis (AE) perspective. AE is allowed in Japanese because uninterpretable φ-features are not available (Saito, 2007) while not allowed in Spanish since φ -features are availabl...

Despite the burgeoning field of Spanish second language acquisition (SLA) research, large Spanish learner corpora (LC) are not common practice yet. We present a general yet practical introduction to the multiple decisions Spanish as a second language (L2) researchers should consider before creating their own LC. We focus on (i) two freely available...

This paper presents the L1 Portuguese – L2 Spanish subcorpus of Corpus Escrito del Español L2 (CEDEL2), a new methodological resource for second language acquisition (SLA) research, which is freely searchable and downloadable (http://cedel2.learnercorpora.com). CEDEL2 is a large-scale, multi-L1 learner corpus of L2 Spanish which contains written pr...

https://www.routledge.com/e-Research-y-espanol-LEL2-Investigar-en-la-era-digital/Pinol/p/book/9781138359741

El auge de la investigación de la adquisición del español como segunda lengua (L2) ha hecho necesaria la creación de amplias muestras del lenguaje (corpus de aprendices). Dichos corpus permiten investigar qué tipo de conocimiento o competencia (interlengua) adquieren los aprendices de español L2. Se justificará la necesidad del buen diseño de un co...

Traditionally, it has been claimed that the non-canonical word order of passives makes them inherently more difficult to comprehend than their canonical active counterparts both in the first (L1) and second language (L2). However, growing evidence suggests that non-canonical word orders are not inherently more difficult to process than canonical co...

In this chapter we report on the creation of the Corpus of English as a Foreign Language (COREFL), a learner corpus of written and spoken narratives produced by Spanish and German learners of English as a Foreign Language at various levels of proficiency. We outline the benefits of learner corpora for the study of narratives when compared to more c...

Todos tenemos la sensación de que el mundo entero se ha alarmado por el coronavirus antes de que las autoridades decretasen la alarma oficialmente. Podríamos argumentar que esta sensación nuestra es una percepción subjetiva, pero ¿se podría medir de alguna manera? ¿Qué nos dirían los datos? En el proyecto divulgativo Covid-Ling partimos de la hipót...

Antes del estallido de la crisis del coronavirus, casi todos hemos experimentado la sensación de alarma antes de que las autoridades hayan declarado oficialmente el estado de alarma. Esta desagradable sensación está basada en múltiples fuentes de información que hemos ido percibiendo paulatina y cotidianamente: noticias internacionales, cifras ofic...

Variability in subject expression has been a widely studied phenomenon over the last few decades and is still the focus of a considerable body of research in both native (L1) and second language (L2) grammars. Crucially, the production of L2 Spanish learners, both written and oral, has been investigated in depth with a view to understand how they u...

Since the 1970s, findings from Morpheme Order Studies (MOS) have suggested that the emergence of morphemes follows a predictable order in L2 English. In this paper we show how the tools and practices in Learner Corpus Research (LCR) offer a richer descriptive basis, which is achieved with Interlanguage Annotation (ILA), a manual, fined-grained, pur...

Traditionally, psycholinguistic research has supported the view that non-canonical word orders are inherently more difficult to process than their canonical counterparts [4] This asymmetry has been explained by arguing that sentences with non- canonical word order are syntactically more complex and pose a greater working memory load. However, few o...

One of the final hurdles for advanced L2 learners is the acquisition of lexico- and morpho-syntactic alternations when constrained by information-structure (IS) factors like topic and focus that are located at the interface of grammar and discourse. Departing from two broad research traditions in SLA (formal and functional) we review how advanced a...

Full text: http://rdcu.be/Gkk5 This paper shows the need to triangulate different approaches in Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research to fully understand late bilinguals’ interlanguage grammars. Methodologically, we show how experimental and corpus data can be (and should be) triangulated by reporting on a corpus study (Loza...

This study explores the development of anaphora resolution (AR) in late sequentialbilinguals, namely, adult Greek learners of Spanish at three proficiency levels (intermediate,lower advanced, upper advanced). The use of an overt/null pronominal subject anaphor isinvestigated in three discourse contexts: topic-continuity (a single antecedent requiri...

Previous experimental research has shown that the syntax-discourse interface can be a locus of deficits for learners, even at very advanced levels. In this paper an L2 Spanish corpus is used to investigate Anaphora Resolution (AR) at the syntax-discourse interface (i.e., how null/overt pronouns and NP subjects refer to their antecedents in discours...

This article presents a state-of-the-art discussion of second language (L2) Spanish corpus-based research on lexical competence. While L2 Spanish learner corpus research (LCR) is still in its infancy, we will review the major findings of relevant studies on the production of several lexical aspects: copula choice with ser/estar; overt/null pronoun...

Este artículo comenta los hallazgos del estudio de Maripaz García (Pronouns: Students’ worst enemy in the foreign language classroom) sobre los pronombres en la adquisición de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) en el aula. La experiencia en el aula y varios estudios empíricos previos indican que los aprendices de ELE suelen tener carencias ‘clási...

Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers in the 1990s were initially concerned about whether learners could reset the parameters that constrain word order (e.g., verb-raising parameter) and later about whether they could acquire the linguistic features of those parameters. This chapter reviews key L2 Spanish studies on the acquisition of word...

This chapter has fourteen sections: 1. General; 2. History of English Linguistics; 3. Phonetics and Phonology; 4. Morphology; 5. Syntax; 6. Semantics; 7. Lexicography, Lexicology, and Lexical Semantics; 8. Onomastics; 9. Dialectology and Sociolinguistics; 10. New Englishes and Creolistics; 11. Second Language Acquisition; 12. English as a Lingua Fr...

Second language acquisition (SLA) research has traditionally relied on elicited experimental data, and it has disfavoured natural language use data. Learner corpus research has the potential to change this but, to date, the research has contributed little to the interpretation of L2 acquisition, and some of the corpora are flawed in design. We anal...

This paper investigates how syntactic knowledge interfaces with other cognitive systems by analysing the production of postverbal subjects, V(erb)–S(ubject) order, in an L1 Spanish–L2 English corpus and a comparable English native corpus. VS order in both native and L2 English is shown to be constrained by properties operating at three interfaces:...

The purpose of this article is to characterise the production of postverbal subjects in two ICLE subcorpora (Italian and Spanish). The question has been dealt with before in the literature with emphasis on the production of ungrammatical inversion structures in L2 English of speakers from a variety of L1s, but in quite a scattered, unsystematic and...

Though there is a long tradition of research into word order phenomena in Second Language (L2) acquisition, this area of enquiry has recently been given a new impetus both from theoretical developments on the form-function interplay and, crucially, from the emergence of learner corpora This paper focuses on a particular phenomenon which

The modification of onsets in a markedness relationship: testing the interlanguage struc-tural conformity hypothesis.' Language Learning 47, 327–361. Curtin S, Goad H & Pater J (1998). 'Phonological transfer and levels of representation: the perceptual acquisition of Thai voice and aspiration by English and French speakers.' Second Language Researc...

Recent unrelated studies reveal what appears to be a common acquisitional pattern in second language acquisition (SLA). While some findings show that advanced learners can indeed achieve convergent, native-like competence with formal syntactic properties (even when these are underdetermined by the input), other findings suggest that they can displa...

1 This research is part of a larger project which was funded by grants no. R00429934281 (ESRC, UK) and no. EX2004-0364 (MEC, Spain) to the author. 2 ABSTRACT Recent acquisitional studies reveal that formal properties at the lexicon-syntax interface are in place before discursive properties at the syntax-information structure interface. It has been...

Recent unrelated studies reveal what appears to be a common acquisitional pattern in second language acquisition (SLA). While some findings show that advanced learners can indeed achieve convergent, native-like competence with formal syntactic properties (even when these are underdetermined by the input), other findings suggest that they can displa...

This study tests the assumption in much of the literature on the second language acquisition of English tense and aspect morphophonology (e.g. bare verbs, V-ing, V-ed) that once speakers are beyond intermediate levels of proficiency, both distribution and interpretation of these forms are represented in a target-like way in their mental grammars. T...

At advanced levels of proficiency L2 learners can achieve native- like competence (e.g., Kanno, 1997; Pérez- Leroux & Glass, 1997, 1999). However, other stud ies report that learners only achieve near-native competence and show representational deficits despite long immersion in the L2 (Hawkins, 2000; Sorace, 1993). Interestingly, these claims deri...

A number of studies investigating second language acquisition (SLA) from the perspective of Principles and Parameters Theory (P&P, CHOMSKY, 1981, 1995) have focused on the pro-drop parameter, and have argued that older second language learners are sensitive to the different, properties it purportedly covers (e.g., AL-KASEY & PÉREZ-LEROUX, 1998; LIC...

RESUMEN Recientes investigaciones en la adquisición de segundas lenguas (ASL) arrojan dos resultados (aparentemente) contradictorios. Mientras que algunos autores afirman que los aprendices adultos de segundas lenguas (L2) de nivel avanzado pueden alcanzar una competencia totalmente nativa en su L2, otros argumentan que los aprendices tan sólo pued...