Cristina Tejedor

• PhD
• PostDoc Position at University of Valladolid

Cattle ( Bos taurus ) play an important role in the life of humans in the Iberian Peninsula not just as a food source but also in cultural events. When domestic cattle were first introduced to Iberia, wild aurochs ( Bos primigenius ) were still present, leaving ample opportunity for mating (whether intended by farmers or not). Using a temporal bioa...

This session seeks to explore the multifaceted nature of identity—encompassing dimensions such as age, gender, status, kinship, hierarchy, and alterity—within European last hunter-gatherer and first farming communities. Our goal is to approach how identities were formed, expressed, and negotiated both individually and collectively, highlighting the...

Cattle have been a valuable economic resource and cultural icon since prehistory. From the initial expansion of domestic cattle into Europe during the Neolithic period, taurine cattle ( Bos taurus ) and their wild ancestor, the aurochs ( B. primigenius ), had overlapping ranges, leading to ample opportunities for mating (whether intended by farmers...

En este trabajo se analiza el paisaje de dos monumentos megalíticos, La Mina y El Pendón, con el objeto de profundizar en las motivaciones y/o los condicionantes que llevaron a las comunidades prehistóricas a erigirlos en su ubicación concreta. Se pretende comprobar si las grandes similitudes atestiguadas en su biografía constructiva y de uso tambi...

This book is the analysis and study of the huge collection of pottery (54.600 sherds) uncovered in the excavations of the cave of Els Trocs (Huesca, Spanish Pyrenees) during the first six archaeological seasons and the Neolithic phases of the 2016 campaign. The results of this study are crucial to understand their archaeological context in the diff...

Cattle have been a valuable economic resource and cultural icon since prehistory. From the initial expansion of domestic cattle into Europe during the Neolithic period, taurine cattle (Bos taurus) and their wild ancestor, the aurochs (B. primigenius), had overlapping ranges leading to ample opportunities for intentional and unintentional hybridizat...

Cattle have been a valuable economic resource and cultural icon since prehistory. From the initial expansion of domestic cattle into Europe during the Neolithic period, taurine cattle (Bos taurus) and their wild ancestor, the aurochs (B. primigenius), had overlapping ranges leading to ample opportunities for intentional and unintentional hybridizat...

Reconstructing the biological profile of a skeletal sample is essential for defining a particular demographic group or classifying isolated remains. These results allow us to complete the population pyramid of a settlement, analyse mortality trends and relate individuals of a particular sex or age-at-death category to possible funerary rituals, lif...

Cattle have been a valuable economic resource and cultural icon since prehistory. From the initial expansion of domestic cattle into Europe during the Neolithic period, taurine cattle (Bos taurus) and their wild ancestor, the aurochs (B. primigenius), had overlapping ranges leading to ample opportunities for intentional and unintentional hybridizat...

Las investigaciones arqueológicas en el Dolmen de El Pendón (Reinoso, Burgos) han sacado a la luz la compleja biografía de un monumento megalítico. En origen, se trata de un sepulcro de corredor, en cuya cámara funeraria se depositaron los cuerpos de cerca de un centenar de individuos en distintos momentos a lo largo del IV milenio a.C. y que, post...

En este trabajo se presenta una aproximación a la población depositada en el depósito funerario del Dolmen de El Pendón (Reinoso, Burgos) a lo largo del IV milenio a.C., tras el desarrollo del análisis antropológico, aún en curso. La muestra analizada hasta el momento está compuesta por 90 individuos, de ambos sexos y todas las categorías de edad,...

Los contextos funerarios colectivos representan un comportamiento específico ante la muerte, muy común entre las sociedades de la Prehistoria Reciente, donde, generalmente, aparecen los restos óseos de múltiples individuos mezclados. El habitual solapamiento de diversas prácticas de deposición, manipulación, reacondicionamiento y extracción de rest...

Ya está lista la segunda edición de "Novedades del Megalitismo peninsular" que se celebrará los días 14-16 de julio en el Conjunto arqueológico de Los Dólmenes de Antequera (Málaga). Tras el éxito de la reunión "Las tumbas y los muertos, los muertos entre las tumbas" celebrada en el municipio de Reinoso (Burgos) el pasado mes de julio, anunciamos...

El Workshop "Pequeños cuerpos con grandes biografías. Los restos óseos inmaduros desde una perspectiva biológica y cultural" tiene un doble objetivo: por un lado, abordar el estudio del cuerpo de los individuos no-adultos –como materialidad dentro del registro arqueológico– tanto desde un enfoque biológico como desde un enfoque cultural, por otro,...

Archaeological research in the Dolmen of El Pendón (Reinoso, Burgos, Spain) has brought to light the complex biography of a megalithic monument used throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC. The ossuary of this burial holds the bones of nearly a hundred individuals who suffered from diverse pathologies and injuries. This study presents the discovery o...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~...

En las asignaturas vinculadas al área de Prehistoria, los alumnos aprenden cómo vivían sociedades que no dejaron huella escrita, por lo que el estudio del patrimonio arqueológico es un pilar fundamental. A menudo, los estudiantes reciben una explicación sobre esta cultura material acompañada de recursos gráficos en 2D, como fotografías, vídeos o di...

Sheep remains constitute the main archaeozoological evidence for the presence of Early Neolithic human groups in the highlands of the Southern Pyrenees but understanding the role of herding activities in the Neolithisation process of this mountain ecosystem calls for the analysis of large and well-dated faunal assemblages. Cova de Els Trocs (Bisaur...

Abstract: The archaeological research at Els Trocs cave is a good example of a successful transdisciplinary project. Together with a great team of specialists in different areas of knowledge, we present an update of our research process. The site is a cave that was occupied for more than two millennia, from the Early Neolithic (the end of the 6th m...

This session wishes to address approaches and interpretations that determine understandings and values that may have been shared within the greater Megalithic tradition of Europe’s Atlantic coastline. Whilst the building of megalithic monuments, which includes stone tombs, standing stones and megalithic buildings, is a worldwide, time-transcending...

Abstract: (Survival of dual Hunter-Gatherer ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula): The Iberian Peninsula conformed a periglacial refugium for Pleistocene hunter-gatherers (HG) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) which served as a potential source for the re-peopling of northern latitudes. After 14,000 years ago, the genetic signature was dominated b...

"¿Qué es lo imprescindible para que un lugar exista?" ¿Permanece o se transforma? ¿Se convierte en otro lugar al transformarse? ¿Los elementos que lo caracterizan tienen duraciones diferentes? ¿Qué ocurre cuando deja de existir? De un modo u otro, como arqueólog@s, tod@s nos enfrentamos reflexivamente a estos procesos de comprensión sobre el cambio...

Violence seems deeply rooted in human nature and an endemic potential for such is today frequently associated with differing ethnic, religious or socio-economic backgrounds. Ethnic nepotism is believed to be one of the main causes of inter-group violence in multi-ethnic societies. At the site of Els Trocs in the Spanish Pyrenees, rivalling groups o...

The knowledge of climatic and environmental changes at the onset of the Holocene and its impact on human populations and cultures is key for the understanding of their both past and future evolution. In this sense, the study through trenching and cores of the Holocene archaeosedimentary record in the surroundings of the Los Cascajos Neolithic archa...

The Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe represents an important test case for the study of human population movements during prehistoric periods. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the peninsula formed a periglacial refugium [1] for hunter-gatherers (HGs) and thus served as a potential source for the re-peopling of northern latitudes [2]....

Durante el año 2016 y de la mano de la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) hemos desarrollado un Proyecto didáctico y divulgativo que tiene su origen en las investigaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo por nuestro equipo en la Cueva de Els Trocs (Bisaurri, Huesca). La constatación en este yacimiento de las primeras actividad...

RESUMEN La utilización de la estadística bayesiana en el análisis de las dataciones radiocarbónicas, no es una novedad en los estudios de la Prehistoria Reciente del Sureste ni tampoco en la costa mediterránea peninsular. Sin embargo es un método que hasta la fecha no se ha aplicado a la periodización de la Edad del Hierro en el valle del Ebro. En...

Megalithism is one of the most outstanding evidence from prehistoric societies at the turn of the Metal Ages. Since the 4th millennium, megaliths were constructed to be used as funerary and ceremonial structures across the European geography. Within the boundaries of Duero Valley human groups built different types of megalithic structures used alon...

Paleoparasitical analyses focused on lakeside deposits (in the part few years) these last years for the Neolithic, their amphibian environment preserves organic remains, also helminths’s (helminths’) eggs, (Bouchet, 1995). These prelelerymniary results are presenting two columns of taking of (from pour la provenance) Els Trocs (San Feliu of Veri-Bi...

Agriculture frst reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in diferent geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500–3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000–2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200–1500...

La utilización de la estadística bayesiana en el análisis de las dataciones radiocarbónicas, no es una novedad en algunos estudios de la Prehistoria Peninsular, tanto los referidos a la Prehistoria Reciente del Sureste como a la costa mediterránea. Sin embargo es un método que hasta la fecha no se ha aplicado a la periodización de la Edad del Hierr...

During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the technology then available—suggested a relationship between acoustic response and the location of visual motifs. This paper presents an investigation, using modern acoustic measurement techniques, into such relationships within the caves of La Garma, Las Chim...

The passage grave of El Teriñuelo is located in the village of Aldeavieja de Tormes (province of Salamanca). It is part of one of the most important and well-documented megalithic areas of inner Iberian Peninsula. Since before 1930 several archaeological works have taken place at this passage grave, thanks to which it has been possible to reconstru...

The beginnings and development of the Neolithic in North-West Africa is a subject about which little information is available. The archaeological work undertaken in Morocco during the French and Spanish colonial periods was followed by a time of ostracism and neglect until the 1970s, when the team of Professor P. Daugas re-initiated research on the...

This paper presents the results of the first excavation campaign of the Artusia rock shelter in Unzué, Navarre, Spain. Chronocultural and archaeobiological analyses revealed five different occupation phases (Artusia I-V) within the regional Mesolithic timeline, specifically in the Mesolithic of Notches and Denticulates (Artusia I and II) and the Ge...

The analysis of the human remains from the megalithic tomb at Alto de Reinoso represents the widest integrative study of a Neolithic collective burial in Spain. Combining archaeology, osteology, molecular genetics and stable isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr, δ15N, δ13C) it provides a wealth of information on the minimum number of individuals, age, sex,...

Example of isolated skulls (Rein 17 and Rein 23) found close to individual Rein 8. (TIF)

Assemblage of a skull (Rein 29) and postcranial bones which appeared like an intentional arrangement. (TIF)

Photo of the individuals buried closely together in the bottom layer. (TIF)

Geological map of northern Spain with the localities of Alto de Reinoso and the comparative dataset of Alegria Durantzi. Based on: Geological Map of the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic and Canary Islands", by the Spanish Geomining Technological Institute and Portuguese Geological and Mining Institute, Madrid, 1994, Scale 1:1.000.000. Reproduced with ki...

Modelling the three 14C data measured at the radiocarbon lab MAMS (see S2 Table) using phase analysis of OxCal 4.2 [147–148]. We obtained a period of use of the tomb between 3710–3690 and 3640–3630 cal BC, around 60–80 years. (DOCX)

Sex estimation of the Alto de Reinoso individuals based on the left pelvis. (DOCX)

Demographic information about the Alto de Reinoso community based on age and sex estimations of the crania and mandibles. (DOCX)

HVR I and HVR II primers sequences. HVR I primers are named after the last 5ˈ base of the primer, HVR II primers are named after the first base or last base respectively of the amplified DNA fragment. (XLSX)

Relative mtDNA haplogroup frequencies used for the principal component analysis. Culture information and references to comparative data are presented in S10 Table. (XLSX)

Selection of grave goods from the Neolithic ossuary. Polished axes (1–4); microliths (5–10), blades (15–19) and other flint tools (11–14); bone spatula-idols (20–21); necklace pieces of different raw materials (22–24) and perforated boar tusk (25). Grave goods from the funerary reuse event at the beginning of Bronze Age (SU 2): undecorated pottery...

Results of osteological, molecular genetic and isotopic analyses for all human individuals sampled from Alto de Reinoso. The numbering of sampled teeth for aDNA and strontium isotope analyses followed FDI pattern (Fédération Dentaire Internationale). Ind. = Individual; Inv. = Inventory Number; Infans I = 0–6; Infans II = 7–12; Juvenile = 13–20; Adu...

Results of the H-Plex [70]. SNP profiles are presented in comparison to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS; [149]). Derived SNPs are colored in dark gray, derived SNPs with a peak height fewer than 50 in light gray. Ancestral SNPs that had a peak height lower than 50 are marked in bold. A dash indicates an allelic dropout. (XLSX)

Summary of prehistoric comparative mtDNA data. The palaeogenetic information over various archaeological sites was classified according to archaeological, chronological information and/or geographical distribution. (XLSX)

Report on all methods and protocols applied in this study. (DOC)

Minimum number of adults and subadults based on different parts of the skeleton. (DOC)

Sex determination of the Alto de Reinoso individuals based on the crania of 21 adults. (DOCX)

Results of the GenoCoRe 22. SNP profiles are presented in comparison to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS; [149]). SNPs can either be detected in forward (L-strand) or in reverse direction (H-strand). Underlined SNPs in the headline were detected in reverse direction. Derived SNPs are colored in dark gray, derived SNPs with a peak heig...

Strontium and carbon and nitrogen isotopes analyses on faunal samples. Results of the strontium isotope analysis in the faunal remains used as comparative data for the local range at Alto de Reinoso and results of the carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of the faunal remains from Alto de Reinoso. (XLSX)

The aim of this work is to provide new data to the current discussion about the Neolithization in the inner Iberian Peninsula. In this sense, the outcome obtained after the excavation in Cova de Els Trocs, in the high Pyrenees Mountains, and in Valmayor XI, in the Bajo Aragon region,allows us to take part in the debate about the different models of...

Photogrammetry is the technique which allows to convert 2D images to 3D models to obtain the object´s geometric characteristics. To achieve that, the most important step is the capture of the photographs that will serve as a base for the next processing made by a photogrammetric software. The final result is a 3D model with a photorealistic texture...

Together with the publication of new tombs and radiocarbon dates from the Early Neolithic, an analysis is made about the complete catalogue of graves known of this chronology in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula and the Ebro Valley: the structure of the tomb used, the nature of the burial deposition, the sex and age of the individuals, the grav...

RESUMEN: La Cueva de Els Trocs se localiza en el término Municipal de San Feliú de Veri, dentro del Ayuntamiento de Bisaurri, Huesca. Su ubicación exacta se halla equidistante de dos de los ríos más importantes de la comarca de la Ribagorza, el río Ésera y el río Isábena. Ambos discurren en este sector profundamente encajados formando las gargantas...

No nos podíamos imaginar a finales de junio de 2009 que aquellos rebaños que veíamos aparecer por el paso de las Aras y se diseminaban como mancha de aceite por los claros de las montañas, primero hacia las crestas de los “dosmiles” para bajar paulatinamente a las planicies de mil quinientos metros, podrían ser los herederos directos de una tradici...

No nos podíamos imaginar a finales de junio de 2009 que aquellos rebaños que veíamos aparecer por el paso de las Aras y se diseminaban como mancha de aceite por los claros de las montañas, primero hacia las crestas de los “dosmiles” para bajar paulatinamente a las planicies de mil quinientos metros, podrían ser los herederos directos de una tradici...

Se presentan los resultados de la excavación en el abrigo de Valmayor XI (Mequinenza, Zaragoza), donde se ha documentado una secuencia de ocupación de tres fases sucesivas, entre el mesolítico y el neolótico antiguo, con una fase intermedia que economica y culturalmente pertenece a una ocupación temporal de cazadores-recolectores con cultura materi...

This paper presents the results of the first excavation campaign of the Artusia rock shelter in Unzue�, Navarre, Spain. Chronocultural and archaeobiological analyses revealed five different occupation phases (Artusia IeV) within the regional Mesolithic timeline, specifically in the Mesolithic of Notches and Denticulates (Artusia I and II) and the G...

The Megalithism in the Duero Basin shows a wide range of different monuments, both the more orthodox types (simple dolmens and passage graves) and others lacking the orthostatic structures (simple mounds, “lime-kiln” tombs). In this article two recent discoveries are presented that were found and excavated in the Burgos and Soria provinces. Differe...

The “Els Trocs” Cave is located in San Feliú de Veri (Bisaurri, Huesca). It is situated between two of the most important rivers of the region of Ribagorza, the Ésera and the Isábena. Both of them run deeply embedded creating the gorges of “Congosto de Ventamillo” and “Obarra”. The cave is located at 1500 m above the sea level, controlling the plai...

The “Els Trocs” Cave is located in San Feliú de Veri (Bisaurri, Huesca). It is situated between two of the most important rivers of the region of Ribagorza, the Ésera and the Isábena. Both of them run deeply embedded creating the gorges of “Congosto de Ventamillo” and “Obarra”. The cave is located at 1500 m above the sea level, controlling the plai...

The issue of resource exploitation, both plants and animals, by Neolithic communities has always attracted vast interest. In particular, resource exploitation at mountain cave sites is still being widely discussed. This paper explores the use of grass resources at the archaeological site of Els Trocs (Aragón, Spain), a Neolithic mountain site in th...

In this article we will discuss on a peculiar and interesting feature recently discovered in the archaeological record of Copper Age Bell Beakers in the Ambrona Valley (Soria, Spain), that is the existence of barrows which look like tombs but they were not. They even include valuable items (finely decorated pottery, gold jewellery) but no sign of h...

This paper presents the results of the 2009 and 2010 excavation campaigns of the Artusia rock shelter (Unzué, Navarre, Spain). Five different Mesolithic occupation phases (Artusia I-V) have been identified, specifically in the Mesolithic of Notches and Denticulates (Artusia I and II) and the Geometric Mesolithic (Artusia III, IV and V). In addition...

The traditional concept of the Megalithism as a result of a linear process in continuous complexity is outdated. A new image reveals a periodicity in the development of the megalithic phenomenon, with moments of high constructional or destructive activity, followed by others of apparent inactivity. Architectural modifications and other changes made...

The beginnings and development of the Neolithic in North-West Africa is a subject about which little information is available. The archaeological work undertaken in Morroco during the French and Spanish colonial periods was followed by a time of ostracism and neglect until the 1970s, when the team of the Professor P. Daugas re-initiated research on...

La fonction de deux types de roche (calcaire et grès) est analysée dans la construction et les modifications apportées aux tombes mégalithiques de La Peña de La Abuela et d’El Túmulo de La Sima, deux monuments situés dans la région de Valle de Ambrona (Soria). Les propriétés physiques de ces matières premières (couleur, résistance au feu) sont étud...

este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares de la excavación de la Cova de Els Trocs, desarrollada dentrop del proyecto de investigación "Los Caminos del Neolítico". La minuciosa labor de excavación y de registro, han permitido establecer una compleja secuencia estratigráfica con una veintena de dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre eventos de vid...

Estudio preliminar de los resultados de las excavaciones en una cueva del Neolítico antiguo localizada junto al Pirineo Axil y ocupada por una comunidad de pastores trashumantes entre fines del sexto milenio y finales del cuatro milenio a. C. Además de presentar su compleja estratigrafía, se describen sus estructuras, su cultura material, su flora...

Um elemento caracterizador do Megalitismo, além da universalidade do fenómeno, é a sua permanência no tempo inserindo-se ainda hoje no âmbito do imaginário cultural colectivo. O melhor exemplo dessa sobrevivência é a sua utilização diacrónica como local de enterramento durante mais de três milénios. Um estudo em grande escala, que ultrapasse as vis...

The preliminary results of a research project under way are presented, dealing with the study of the pathways by which the Neolithic traveled along the Ebro Valley, mainly through the data recovered in the excavation of three different sits (Artusia, Trocs and Valmayor XI). The analysis of the archaeological record of these sites and others yet pub...