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Publications (45)
Variations in the isotopologic composition of water vapour are fundamental for understanding the relative importance of different mechanisms of water vapour transport from the tropical upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. Previous comparisons obtained from observations of H2O and HDO by satellite instruments showed discrepancies. In this wo...
The Asian monsoon (AM) plays a key role in the transport of water vapour to the lower stratosphere and contributes significantly to the wet phase of the annual global stratospheric water vapour cycle. Although it is known that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is one of the main drivers of the interannual variability in the AM water vapour, the...
As urban areas expand, the focus on improving outdoor thermal comfort intensifies. This study generated Summer Discomfort Index (SDI) maps for Seville and Barcelona (Spain), as well as Tetuan (Morocco). SDI integrates temperature and humidity for an accurate comfort assessment. Calculations involved substituting air temperature with land surface da...
Variations in the isotopological composition of water vapour are fundamental for understanding the relative importance of different mechanisms of water vapor transport from the tropical upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. Previous comparisons obtained from observations of H2O and HDO by satellite instruments showed discrepancies. In this w...
The Asian Monsoon (AM) plays a key role in the transport of water vapour to the lower stratosphere and contributes significantly to the wet phase of the annual global stratospheric water vapour cycle. Although it is known that the QBO is one of the main drivers of the interannual variability of the AM water vapour, the physical mechanisms responsib...
Few studies have used empirical evidence of past adaptation to project temperature-related excess mortality under climate change. Here, we assess adaptation in future projections of temperature-related excess mortality by employing evidence of shifting minimum mortality temperatures (MMTs) concurrent with climate warming of recent decades. The stud...
We investigate the influence of different chemical and physical processes on the water vapour distribution in the lower stratosphere (LS), in particular in the Asian and North American monsoon anticyclones (AMA and NAMA, respectively). Specifically, we use the chemistry transport model CLaMS to analyse the effects of large-scale temperatures, metha...
This work provides an assessment of the two most intense seasonal droughts that occurred over the Balsas River Basin (BRB) in the period 1980–2017. The detection of the drought events was performed using the 6 month scale standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI-6) and the 6 month standardized precipitation index (SPI-6) in October...
We investigate the influence of different chemical and physical processes on the water vapour distribution in the lower stratosphere (LS), in particular in the Asian and North-American monsoon anticyclones (AMA and NAMA, respectively). Specifically, we analyze effects of large-scale temperatures, methane oxidation, ice microphysics, and small-scale...
In this paper, we generalize the concept of “external forcing” to include any mechanism that modulates the long-term evolution of a meteorological variable but is not directly related to the internal variability of the climate system. Applying this concept, the corresponding ‘external forcings’ are removed from several long record datasets of ocean...
Background
Investigating future changes in temperature-related mortality as a function of global mean temperature (GMT) increases allows for the evaluation of policy-relevant climate change targets. So far, only few studies have taken this approach, and, in particular, no such assessments exist for Germany, the most populated country of Europe.
Me...
The impact of tropical deep convection on southern winter stationary waves and its modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) have been investigated in a long (210 year) climate model simulation and in ERA-Interim reanalysis data for the period 1979–2018. Model results reveal that tropical deep convection over the region of its climatologic...
The summer circulation over the eastern Mediterranean is characterized by a persistent northerly regime whose interannual variability is modulated both by mid and tropical latitudes. In this paper, we use historical wind observations taken aboard ships to assemble the first purely instrumental index quantifying this wind system since 1880. This has...
A new index, the Western North Pacific Directional Index (WNPDI), based on historical wind direction observations taken aboard sailing ships has been developed to characterize the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon (WNPSM) since 1898. The WNPDI measures the persistence of the surface westerly/easterly winds in the [100−130E; 5−15N]/[110−140E; 20−...
A new bicentennial series of the Australian monsoon strength based on historical wind observations has allowed for the assessment of the variability of this system since the early 19th century. Our series covers a period in which the scarcity of meteorological observations in the area had precluded the evaluation of long-term climatic trends. Resul...
The concept of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon (WNPSM) appeared for the first time in 1987. Unlike the Indian Summer Monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon, the WNPSM is an oceanic monsoon driven essentially by the meridional gradient of sea surface temperature. Its circulation is characterized by a northwest-southeast oriented monsoon...
The Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratospheric signals of Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events are investigated in stratosphere-resolving Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) historical simulations, together with the role of the stratosphere in driving tropospheric El Niño teleconections in NH climate. The large...
The Indian Summer Monsoon onset is one of the most expected meteorological events of the world, affecting the life of hundreds of millions of people. The India Meteorological Department has dated the monsoon onset since 1901, but its original methodology was considered subjective and it was updated in 2006. Unfortunately, the new method relies on O...
The concept of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon (WNPSM) appeared for the first time in 1987. It is, unlike the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), an oceanic monsoon driven fundamentally by the meridional gradient of sea surface temperature. Its circulation is characterized by a northwestsoutheast oriented...
The concept of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon (WNPSM) appeared for the first time in 1987. It is, unlike the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), an oceanic monsoon mostly driven by the meridional gradient of sea surface temperature. Its circulation is characterized by a northwest-southeast oriented monsoo...
The meteorological observations found in old ships' logbooks have been recognized as a useful source of climatic information in periods and areas not covered by other sources. In the last five years several studies have employed the wind direction observations contained in logbooks to generate climatic indices of instrumental character related to l...
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is one of the most important oscillations in the atmosphere, in particular, in the stratophere, it modulates the Brewer-Dobson circulation. With a period of 28 months, the QBO affects the equator and high latitudes due to the coupling wave-mean circulation. During the westerly phase of the QBO the gravity wave p...
In this work, we use old wind direction records to reconstruct indices for the West African Monsoon (WAM) and the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). Since centuries ago, ships departing from the naval European powers circumnavigated Africa in their route to the Far East. Most of these ships took high-quality observations preserved in logbooks. We show th...
A new index, namely the African Southwesterly Index (ASWI), based on the persistence of the low‐level southwesterly winds in the region (29°–17°W; 7–13°N) is developed to characterise the strength of the West African Monsoon. The ASWI is significantly correlated with the monsoonal precipitation in the Sahel in the 1900–2013 period ( r = + 0.57, r =...
This study analyzes the multidecadal variability of the European summer timing and length. The dates of the summer onset and end are computed through an objective algorithm based on locally defined temperature thresholds applied to the European daily high-resolution gridded dataset (E-OBS) during the period 1950–2012. The results reveal a European...
The seasonal mean extra-tropical atmospheric response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is assessed in the historical and pre-industrial control CMIP5 simulations. This analysis considers two types of El Niño events, characterized by positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in either the central equatorial Pacific (CP) or eastern equat...
A monthly index based on the persistence of the westerly winds over the English Chanel is constructed for 1685–2008 using daily data from ships' logbooks and comprehensive marine meteorological datasets. The so-called Westerly Index (WI) provides the longest instrumental record of atmospheric circulation currently avail-able. Anomalous WI values ar...
Recent studies suggest that there is a strong linkage between the moisture uptake over the equatorial area of the Somali low level jet (SLLJ) and the rainfall variability over most of continental India. Additionally, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) strongly modulates the intraseasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, since the...
In this paper, we propose a new method based on the detection of jet
cores with the aim to describe the climatological features of the jet
streams and to estimate their trends in latitude, altitude, and velocity
in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and 20th Century reanalysis da...
The Somali Low Level Jet (SLLJ) is the most important moisture source for India during the monsoon season. A linkage between the moisture uptake over the equatorial area of the SLLJ and the rainfall variability over most of continental India has also been recently indicated. On the other hand, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been identified...
Although the identification of the moisture sources of a region is of prominent importance to characterize precipitation, the origin and amount of moisture towards the Indian Subcontinent and its relationship with the occurrence of precipitation are still not completely understood.
In this article, the origin of the atmospheric water arriving to th...
This paper presents the reconstruction of a climatological series of winter coastal storms on the northern coasts of the Gulf of Cadiz. This series has been put together using information extracted from regional and local Spanish newspapers. It includes all the storms coming from the Atlantic sector that have been detected during the winter season,...
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signature in the equatorial upper stratosphere and mesosphere is analyzed from MAECHAM5 and HAMMONIA general circulation models. Our results show that this region is significantly influenced by the stratospheric QBO. In the upper stratosphere the QBO modulates the altitude of maximum descent of the stratospheric...
El Niño effects on the tropical atmosphere are well characterized. El Niño causes a large displacement of convection in the equatorial region and generates an anomalous warm response in the tropical troposphere and a cold response in the tropical stratosphere. In addition, warm ENSO events generate anomalous tropical upwelling due to stronger wave...
Although the tropospheric jet streams are probably the more important single dynamical systems in the troposphere, their study at climatic scale has been usually troubled by the difficulty of characterising their structure. During the last years, a deal of effort has been made in order to construct long-term scale objective climatologies of the jet...
The quasibiennial oscillation (QBO) dominates the variability of the equatorial stratosphere and also affects the circulation and temperature of the extratropical region. In this paper we review previous work showing that the mid- to high-latitude circulation is weaker (stronger) when QBO easterlies (westerlies) dominate in the low equatorial strat...
In the equatorial stratosphere, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of zonal winds is the dominant long- periodic feature. While higher up, in the stratopause and mesopause regions, semi-annual oscillations (SAO) of winds and other parameters appear as the most prominent long-periodic signal, observations have also revealed the existence of a meso...
[1] The seasonality of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and its secondary circulation is analyzed in the European Reanalysis (ERA-40) and Middle Atmosphere European Centre Hamburg Model (MAECHAM5) general circulation model data sets through the multitaper method-singular value decomposition (MTM-SVD). In agreement with previous studies, the res...
The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the tropopause pressure and temperature is studied through the application of the multitaper-singular value decomposition method (MTM-SVD). Reanalysis data (ERA-40) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and radiosonde data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Ar...
In this paper, the quality of a reconstruction of daily snow frequency in the central Andes is evaluated by studying the atmospheric patterns related to anomalies in the reconstructed series. The origin of precipitation anomalies in this part of the world is relatively well known and is has been related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation cycle thr...
The polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere exhibits high intraseasonal and interannual variability which, to some degree, may be controlled by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical stratosphere. Here we analyze the QBO signal in the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex in a model simulation using the general circulation model MAECHAM5 (...
[1] The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signal in stratospheric zonal and meridional wind, temperature, and geopotential height fields is analyzed based on the use of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis (1958–2001). The multitaper method-singular value decomposition (MTM-SVD), a multivariate frequency domain analysi...
The spatiotemporal evolution of the zonal wind in the stratosphere is analyzed based on the use of the NCEP reanalysis dataset (1948-2001). MTM-SVD, a frequency-domain analysis method, is applied to isolate significant spatially-coherent variability with narrowband, oscillatory character. A quasibiennial oscillation is detected as the most intense...
