Cristina I. Fernandes

• PhD in Management
• Professor (Assistant) at University of Beira Interior

Purpose The impacts of institutions on entrepreneurship and innovation, as well as the effects of technological development, have been subject to various research studies. While this theme inherently remains a focus for political decision-makers, there is very little knowledge on the combined role of institutions, entrepreneurial orientations and i...

This study seeks to provide a comprehensive and integrative review of the literature on digital entrepreneurship. Based on a systematic approach, this review portrays literature trends, integrates prevailing literature approaches, and suggests an agenda for future research on digital entrepreneurship. The strict research protocol employed led to th...

This paper explores the impact of International Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) on the international performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), with a focus on the post-COVID-19 era. IEO, treated as a subdimension of entrepreneurial orientation, is crucial for SMEs in global markets, especially given the challenges posed by the pan...

The objective of this study involves identifying the key pillars and strategies for managing human resources in ambidextrous organisations. This seeks to grasp how these organisations foster sustainability, success and high levels of organisational performance in response to the demands raised by competitive markets. This correspondingly applied th...

Despite the growing importance of implementing digital technologies in business contexts, empirical research relating to digital capabilities, innovation, and business performance still remains scarce, particularly relevant in these times of disruption. This study proposes a mediated-moderated framework to describe, according to the level of econom...

Non-profit healthcare organisations (NPHO's) serve a heterogeneous population, from the elderly in nursing homes to people with mental disorders or children and young people with chronic illnesses. Given the fast changing context in which they operate, their innovative capacity becomes a key element of their intervention. Thus, the way in which lea...

With the downturn in the global socioeconomic panorama, the market orientation (MO) and the performance of non-profit organisations (NPOs) have come in for growing levels of attention. However, authors remain unanimous in emphasising the scope there remains for further research designed to better understand the role of MO on the performances achiev...

There is an ongoing scholarly debate regarding the compatibility of sustained high levels of firm-level growth with today's environmental sustainability goals, which include targets for limiting carbon emissions and avoiding further biodiversity loss. In this study, we aim to explore this issue through a quantitative analysis of the relationship be...

Given the challenges facing businesses and society in mitigating climate change, creating and supporting sustainable entrepreneurship is critical. However, the influence of National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSEs) on the circular economy has not yet been studied. Our research studies the impact of NSEs on countries' circular economies while asse...

Purpose-This study holds the objective of evaluating the impact of formal (e.g. ease of doing business score, start-up procedures to register a business, property rights) and informal (e.g. school life expectancy, collaboration between companies and human capital) institutions on the economic performance of countries in conjunction with the mediati...

Purpose Microfoundations have received increasing attention in several management disciplines. This study aims to outline the uniqueness of microfoundations research in innovation, look at where it comes from and where it is going and provide rich opportunities for future work. Design/methodology/approach To advance research in this area, this stu...

The Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) articulate concepts from various streams of literature and are formed by multiple stakeholders and relate to different levels of analysis. Although the literature shows a growing relevance on the theme of EE, most studies reveal to be conceptual, and the existence of empirical studies with quantitative methodolog...

While there is a large body of literature on the benefits of open innovation, little is known about the knowledge flows and the interrelationship of the purposeful and serendipitous spillover of knowledge flows that deliver value from international open innovation (IOI) collaborations. This study examines these knowledge flows occurring from IOI an...

Review articles or literature reviews are a critical part of scientific research. While numerous guides on literature reviews exist, these are often limited to the philosophy of review procedures, protocols, and nomenclatures, triggering non-parsimonious reporting and confusion due to overlapping similarities. To address the aforementioned limitati...

Given the challenges faced by companies and society in general in terms of mitigating the effects of climate change and digitalisation, fostering and supporting digital and sustainable entrepreneurship represents a fundamental goal. Our research seeks to study the impact of national entrepreneurship systems (NESs) on what is known as the twin trans...

Dynamic capabilities (DCs) are a growing field of research within the scope of theoretical structures based on resource and strategic management. Given the demonstrated impact of DCs on company performance, it is important to study the effects of DCs on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, th...

Family firms (FF) represent an important business segment worldwide, contributing greatly to their country's GDP and social well-being, giving employment and contributing to communities' development. Due to their particularities, these organizations also face various challenges, one of the most relevant being inter-generational succession – transve...

Purpose The aim of the study is to analyze how knowledge spillovers and knowledge management capabilities affect the innovation capabilities of hospitality sector companies in crisis environments. Design/methodology/approach A survey was completed by 63 hotel directors based in Portugal, gathering data on knowledge spillover, knowledge management...

This study attempts to understand through empirical research how characteristics of resources and capabilities (e.g., value, rareness, imitability, and organization) contribute to sustainable competitive advantages and improved firm performance. Based on a sample of 147 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study uses primary data and mul...

The literature is consistent in stating that innovation helps in improving the performance of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), highlighting how there remains the scope for further research designed to better understand the dimension supporting social innovation. Through the application of the Tidd and Bessant model, which reflects an important contr...

The Resource-Based View suggests that for an organization to have a sustainable competitive advantage, the firm should have valuable, rare, inimitable resources and have the ability to exploit them. The Knowledge-Based View treats knowledge as an organizational resource, which resides in both the explicit and tacit knowledge held by organizations a...

There has been a diverse range of research on the factors enabling informal entrepreneurship as well as the means to avoid or to eradicate its incidence. Several researchers argued that venture capital and financial flows, in general, contribute to economic growth and development. There have also been observations of how the investor level of trust...

With the downturn in the global socioeconomic panorama, the social entrepreneurship orientation (SEO) and the social performance of non-profit organizations (NPOs) have become subject to growing levels of attention. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of SEO on the performance of NPOs. To this end, we deployed a quantitative met...

Sustainability is a relevant and established topic in the family business literature. However, family business scholars lack a comprehensive understanding about the different streams of research and the potential new areas for exploration on this topic. This limitation is a significant hinderance to the advancement of both theory and practice in th...

The role of organizational leaders has transitioned over time, from being supervisory to strategic. This trend has been reflected in the literature, with research related to strategic leadership has risen swiftly in quantity but distributed across divergent academic fields. With increased automation and the move to a digital economy, organizational...

Purpose This study aims to map scientific publications, intellectual structure and research trends in the development of human resource management (HRM) by adopting innovative practices. Specifically, it aims to (1) identify the fundamental contributions of research and to (2) determine the lines of research that constitute the most prominent intel...

The importance and the definition of an entrepreneurial university (EU), together with the factors that lead to its existence, have been widely discussed in the literature. Moreover, in recent years, the EU has also been the target of some public policies. This study aims to identify the different theoretical approaches to entrepreneurial universit...

We reviewed the literature on institutional forecasters of entrepreneurial action across international settings. Our objective was to explain variance in entrepreneurial venture performance based on gender, education, culture, and institutional resources of financing, technology transfer, and state policies. Our conceptual model subsumes various pr...

The circular economy emerged as an alternative model to the linear system, which now appears to be reaching its physical limitations. To transition to a circular economy, companies must not only be aware of but also engage in more sustainable practices. For such a transition, companies must rethink and innovate their business models and the ways th...

Family businesses represent a significant percentage of GDP and employability in developed economies, and their continuity and transition to a new generation is a crucial challenge. This study aims to analyse the nature of succession processes in small and medium-sized family business, exploring critical skills and succession strategies. A qualitat...

Calls for more in-depth research on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and business performance have been dominant. Thus, this research explores whether the relationship between EO and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) is conditioned (or affected) by some moderating factors. A framework is proposed w...

Purpose This study aims to map scientific publications, intellectual structure and research trends in the sustainable business model (SBM) field. Specifically, it attempts to (1) identify the fundamental contributions of research in this area of knowledge; and (2) determine the research lines that constitute the most prominent intellectual structur...

Purpose Research into the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainability has deepened in terms of both quantity and quality even while still remaining a fragmented and divergent field. Hence, the purpose of this study is to put forward empirical evidence to advance the literature on the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosy...

A concern with the mitigation of climate change cuts a transversal line across economic agents, epitomized by two contradictory viewpoints. Some defend that green growth can be achieved without harming economic growth; others argue that it is not possible to respect sustainability if intensive consumption of goods continues to foster economic growt...

There has been exponential growth is the use of wearable technology, and these are now considered to be of critical importance in certain consumer goods and services sectors, including healthcare. However, research on this topic remains fragmented, and the approaches to aid its study and enhance the understanding of how these technologies are used...

The impact of the global recession has served to increase the pressure on the management of nonprofit organizations (NPO). Executive leadership is an essential component of the success of these institutions. The aim of this paper is to survey the existing literature on social entrepreneurship and social innovation in the third sector (TS). For this...

There is broad agreement around how innovation and entrepreneurship contribute towards competitiveness. This chapter evaluates ways in which innovation impacts on competitiveness and how the effects of entrepreneurship shape and fashion competitiveness. Using estimations of dynamic panels with the GMM estimator methodology by Arellano-Bover/Blundel...

Purpose This study aims to map out the ways in which the intellectual structure and research trends of scientific publications come together in business-to-business (B2B) marketing strategies in the health-care sector. More specifically, it aims first to identify the fundamental contributions of research in this area of knowledge and second to dete...

As empresas familiares são cruciais para o crescimento económico e desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Estas empresas apresentam certas especificidades em termos da sua visão, intenções e comportamentos que envolvem profundamente os membros da família. No âmbito do projeto SPRING (Succession Planning and Regeneration in Family Businesses for New Growt...

Innovation is a widely acknowledged key component of corporate performance management. However, most of the literature on this topic has tended to focus on determinants of corporate failure, thereby neglecting to look at the role of innovation failure in triggering innovative initiatives. By using a sample of companies covered by 2014 Community Inn...

As empresas familiares assumem uma percentagem expressiva do PIB e da empregabilidade nas economias desenvolvidas, sendo a sua continuidade e transição para uma nova geração, um desafio crucial. Este estudo procura analisar a natureza dos processos de sucessão de pequenas e médias empresas familiares portuguesas, explorando as suas competências crí...

Purpose National systems of entrepreneurship (NSE) broadly act as a means of allocating resources driven by the constant search for opportunities at the individual level through the launching of new businesses and firms with such activities, and their results are governed by the specific institutional characteristics of each country. In contrast to...

This paper explores current trends in knowledge spillover research using scientometric analysis of all papers published in journals indexed in the Web of Science. No chronological filter was applied. The search yielded 1568 articles. The bibliometric study presented herein was based on co-citations analysis. Given that this paper deals with a compl...

This study seeks to identify the variables that foster informal entrepreneurship and analyses the effects of the financial crisis and subsequent recession and earnings inequalities within the European context for this type of entrepreneurship. To this end, we made recourse to a diverse range of international databases and, following the application...

The concept of Social Innovation (SI) emerged 70 years after the work of pioneering researchers such as Schumpeter. Starting from the linear model of innovation, a systemic and expanded concept of innovation was reached, in which several social agents can be innovative and not only companies. This research proposes to review and synthesize the evol...

There is currently a renewed surge of interest in informal entrepreneurship around the world. One of the motives stems from how such entrepreneurship shapes and influences a substantial part of the global workforce. However, we may also verify how a major proportion of the research in this field focuses on developing economies and thus justifying t...

Purpose A key point in the internationalisation process of companies comes with the choice of international market. Following this choice, the results companies may thereby obtain help in measuring their level of international performance. This study aims to measure the impact of internationalisation processes in keeping with company market orienta...

In this chapter, we aim to address the critique in the lack of comprehension about the emerging research in High-performance work systems (HPWS) by providing a systematic and analytic overview of the field. We aim to identify the key studies, identify main themes and provide suggestions for future research about HPWS. To do this we apply the biblio...

The study of sports innovation has become an important area of business research, which has led to a growing number of publications on the topic in academic journals. Despite the increasing interest in research on sports innovation the literature is still fragmented with a diverse array of disciplinary perspectives. This chapter utilises a bibliome...

Destination branding is a recent field of study related to tourism and marketing. Based on a categorized bibliometric analysis of 272 articles published in Thomson Reuters' journals since 2001, this chapter characterizes intellectual structure of the scientific publications about destination branding, identifies its authors' location in terms of in...

Most of the literature on technology transfer has tended to focus on the country or regional level, neglecting to look at the continent-level flow of knowledge that is becoming more important due to regional trading blocs. This study sought to fill the gap in research on the role of technology transfer in the European continent (i.e., countries ins...

Purpose The purpose of this paper involves evaluating the impact of coopetition on the innovation activities and innovation performance of companies. Design/methodology/approach The study deployed data from the Community Innovation Survey – CIS 2012 and subject to the application of different multivariate statistical analysis processes. Findings...

The transformation of ideas into new technologies depends not only on how knowledge diffuses but also on which context/time this transformation is developed. In the assumption that internal and environmental conditions directly affects the decision of exploiting technological opportunities, this paper explores how some strategic dynamic capabilitie...

Most of the literature on technology transfers (TTs) has tended to focus on a country or regional level without looking at the cross-continent flows of knowledge that are becoming ever more important due to regional trading blocs. This study fills the gap on the role of cross-continent TTs and institutional factors by focusing on the impact of envi...

Purpose There has been a diverse range of research on the factors enabling informal entrepreneurship as well as the means to avoid or to eradicate its incidence. However, the authors may also identify how a significant proportion of research on this field of study centres around developing economies and correspondingly justifying the application of...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide interested parties with the means of grasping how the literature on open innovation has evolved over the course of time. In this way, the authors furthermore contribute towards a better understanding, scaling and positioning of this field of research. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a...

Using bibliometric techniques to identify connections between existing entrepreneurship studies, this article seeks to understand the scientific structure of entrepreneurship research and how entrepreneurship scholarship is organized. Co-citation data and quantitative approach were used to identify scientific publications, intellectual structures,...

Knowledge, innovation and sustainability are topics very well recognized in the business and management literature and beyond of this field. These subjects seem fundamental to the companies for them to survive and to win in an increasingly globalized world, but how do they appear interconnected on the literature? As research in this area has relate...

The internationalisation challenges that face all companies are no longer the exclusive concern of multinationals. Participation in the international marketplace has become a reality for large firms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) alike. This kind of participation can be rewarding for both companies and employees. The markets that SMEs...

Digital transformation has recently become a way to attain competitive advantages and company differentiation. However, what the implications are of the digitalization of processes for the innovative capability and performance of companies is still unclear. This study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of digital transformation by analyz...

This study aims to measure and understand the psychological effects of entrepreneurial intentions among university students from two countries (Portugal and Spain). Following a review of the literature, there is a lack of studies incorporating an integrative model that deploys self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity and proactive personality as psych...

The world today is not only becoming increasingly competitive but this competition is also increasingly intense and, for organisations, innovation emerges as one solution to the problems they face. Thus, innovation has attracted increased interest as the means to acquire and develop skills to address and/or inspire organisations in a globally compe...

Purpose This paper aims to study the effects of cross-border psychological determinants among students of two Iberian universities (Portugal and Spain) on entrepreneurial intentions. Design/methodology/approach Based on previous literature, the studies do not include any model that simultaneously uses self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity and pr...

The tourism sector has stood out for its enormous capacity for growth on a global scale and holding a relevant role both as a tool for the competitiveness and as a driver of regional development. This profile stems not only from its multiplier effects but also the opportunities susceptible to identification within the scope of offsetting regional d...

This study established a broad theoretical framework combining agency theory and resource and capacity theory. We sought evidence of these theories’ implications for corporate entrepreneurship (CE) and an understanding of how corporate entrepreneurship affects performance. To identify relationships between these theories and concepts, we designed a...

This chapter involves verifying the influence of teaching entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial activities among university students (N = 418) in a comparative international context on three distinct realities (Portugal, Spain and Brazil). We are made recourse to Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), estimated through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) m...

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze, from a theory of planned behavior perspective, the role of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. A conceptual model is developed based on the literature discussing the importance of entrepreneurship education in global economic and social development. A number of hypothesis are develope...

The theory and research existing on relationships between competitors concentrates either on competitive relationships or on cooperative relationships and broadly argues that one relationship type harms or threatens the other. However, what do we really understand about progress in the literature on the strategic triad—cooperation, competition, and...

The tourism sector has correspondingly attracted a great deal of interest from many researchers with particular focuses falling on tourismmanagement and witnessing exponential growth in the research on this field. Given this, the objective of this current study involves producing a chart of these scientific publications, identifying their intellect...

The “film-induced tourism” concept serves for the study of tourism visits made to a destination or attraction resulting from its featuring in cinema films, television series or promotional videos. This phenomenon falls within the field of “film-induced versus destination branding image” research, a fairly recently established field, and with this a...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of competitive advantage on the resource value and rareness combination and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a quantitative research method to achieve the aims of this study. The data collected came from a sample of footwear firms a...

Sustainable development and entrepreneurship are increasingly high profile issues and matters of importance to different international agendas. Alongside this interest, there have emerged studies on entrepreneurship and innovation that point to their driving positive impacts at the level of regional development. With their research the authors inte...

The objective of this study involves identifying the influence of Total Early-stage entrepreneurial activities (TEA) over the propensity to engage in innovative practices in OECD member states. The study correspondingly applies aggregate data at the national level based upon the statistics gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the...

Dynamic capabilities currently emerge as a vibrant field of study within the theoretical framework based on resource and strategic management. To this end, and as a complex field of study, we set out to conceptually map this approach. Hence, we carried out a bibliometric study with recourse to co-citations. For the multivariate analysis, we applied...

Purpose With this work, the authors seek to advance knowledge in this field mentioned above. The purpose of this paper is to stress the role of two groups of components related to individuals’ knowledge: the intrinsic base of existing knowledge and exposure to external knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The present study examined the impact of...

Social entrepreneurship is an emerging trend that has attracted the interest of the most diverse researchers whether due to the characteristics of the social entrepreneur or the type of surrounding environments that prove most propitious to the emergence of this particular type of entrepreneurship. This study attempts to identify the main theoretic...

Understanding customer loyalty has been a growing concern for the services industry. In a context of increasing competitive pressures, such loyalty is seen as a key element in service companies’ success. Maintaining customer loyalty and identifying its underlying factors, however, are recognizably difficult to do. Grounded on the use of cognitive m...

Entrepreneurship has attracted growing interest about its role in decision-making policies capable of fostering economic and social development. There has also been an increased attention on how entrepreneurs innovate and in so doing consequently contribute to higher levels of international competitiveness. Following recourse to Global Entrepreneur...

Innovation management as a field has gained ascendancy globally as a way for companies to compete and advance in the global marketplace. Despite the increased interest in innovation management there is still debate about its definition, historical development and future research directions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the literature on inno...

This study carries out content analysis and systemizes articles on social media marketing in the Web of Science database. Forty-four studies were analyzed in accordance with a variation on the systematic review approach, involving synthesis- and interpretation-based assessment. The results demonstrate how most of the studies analyzed focus on the c...

The relevant literature recognises Schumpeterian and Kirznerian entrepreneurship as mechanisms that can impact economic growth. This article seeks to explore the effects of these two types of entrepreneurship on economic growth across the three GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) economic ecosystems (factor-driven economy, efficiency-driven econo...

Strategic management remains a recent field of research that is dynamic and changing with the global business economy. Given the sheer importance of research on this field of business management, this paper aims to conduct a co-citation bibliometric analysis of strategic management research. We map the authors and the most relevant approaches as we...

This study analyses the influence of client operant resources, in the form of self-efficacy, bridging social capital and customer expertise, on co-creation activities with companies and the customer resulting perceived benefits. A quantitative study, based on a sample of 362 consumers was carried out to test a model that sets out the relationships...

Research interest in the service sector has boomed in recent years as deindustrialisation became entrenched. Instead of being regarded as merely supplementary to traditional industry and manufacturing, services have generated progressively rising levels of growth in developed economies while at the same time coming to be recognised as major drivers...

The theory and research existing on relationships between competitors concentrates on either competitive relationships or cooperative relationships and broadly argues that one relationship type harms or threatens the other. There has been little empirical research on firms simultaneously involved in and benefitting from cooperation and from competi...

In this paper we analyse whether entrepreneur location decisions differ across industries and identify the factors determining the choice of location between rural and urban environments. Firm location is based on a new taxonomy developed over the influential three dimensions of Hayter’s (1997) approach. The paper uses data from sample of one thous...

This research seeks to ascertain the extent of the effects of location on the innovation capacities of companies across different industrial sectors. We thus answer the question: Does company location near an urban centre enable innovation capacities? This article argues that company location does wield an effect on innovation capacities, and it is...

In this chapter, the authors study the importance of regional entrepreneurship as well as the characteristics of location, and show that the basis for creation of new firms is knowledge, thus giving emphasis to broadcasters (spillovers) of knowledge coming from universities and other R&D institutions. Thus, the knowledge generated arises from the c...

This study aims to review what we do (and do not) know about technology entrepreneurship (TE) research to date. Based on a categorized bibliometric analysis resulting from a systematic review of 135 scientific articles published in refereed journals over the past 27 years (1986–2013), we identify the core domains of TE, its intellectual structure,...