Cristian Torres-León

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• Eng. M.Sc. Ph.D in Food Science and Technology / Biological Sciences
• Professor (Full) at Autonomous University of Coahuila

Background The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important tropical fruit with worldwide acceptance, extensive marketing, vast production, wide distribution, and benefits to human health. Mango wastes, such as the seed kernel and peel, have high functional and nutritional potential. Scope and approach In this paper, we describe the composition of t...

Food production and processing in developing countries generate high levels of wasteand by products, causing a negative environmental impact and significant expenses. However, these biomaterials have ample potential for generating food additives whichin turn will minimize malnutrition and hunger in the developing countries where it isproduced. Many...

The microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of antioxidant compounds from mango seeds was optimized using response surface methodology. The important factor influencing antioxidant activity was identified by a Plackett–Burman design, which determined three factors as follows: significant solid liquid ratio (X1), temperature (X2) and extraction cycle (X...

Agroindustrial residues are generated during several manufacturing procedures, representing an environmental concern, nonetheless, also is an ideal material for microbial support, and biotechnological molecule production. Four fungi: Trichoderma asperellum (TA), Trichoderma harzianum (TH), Aspergillus niger GH1 (A.GH1), and Aspergillus niger PSH (P...

Medicinal plants represent promising sources for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders because of their abundance in bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. Throughout history, various plant species have been used to alleviate digestive ailments, and studies have revealed the presence of metabolites with anti-inflammatory, antibacter...

El objetivo de este proyecto fue la realización de trabajos multi- e interdisciplinarios enfocados en las plantas medicinales y en la recopilación y documentación del conocimiento y saberes en la región de Viesca, Coahuila. Esta investigación fue desarrollada por el Centro de Investigación y Jardín Etnobiológico (CIJE) y el Centro de Estudios e Inv...

El objetivo de este proyecto fue la realización de trabajos multi- e interdisciplinarios enfocados en las plantas medicinales y en la recopilación y documentación del conocimiento y saberes en la región de Viesca, Coahuila. Esta investigación fue desarrollada por el Centro de Investigación y Jardín Etnobiológico (CIJE) y el Centro de Estudios e Inv...

The Comarca Lagunera is one of Mexico’s most important productive areas. Its main economic activities are livestock, agriculture, and the processing industry. A wide variety of industries emit wastes that are considered highly toxic environmental pollutants, which have strong negative impacts on public health. The objective of this work was to dete...

Grape Pomace Flour (GPF) is a by-product of the wine industry that is currently un-derutilized. This research aimed to determine the functional and nutritional properties of GPF from Coahuila, Mexico. The experimental strategy included the evaluation of the color parameters in GPF with different particle sizes; subsequently, the determination nutri...

Background Agroindustrial wastes are a significant problem in our society, however, they can be used to generate high-value-added products. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed, a waste generated in substantial amounts and rich in bioactive compounds, can be used for the development of nutraceuticals that improve human health. Scope and approach This r...

This work describes research focused on the recovery of ellagic acid (EA) using solid-state fermentation-assisted extraction (SSF) with Aspergillus niger GH1 and Mexican rambutan peel as support. Several culture conditions (temperature, initial moisture, levels of inoculum, and concentration of salts) were evaluated using a Placket–Burman design (P...

The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most commercialized tropical fruits worldwide. Its high processing and consumption generate huge quantities of organic waste and severe economic and environmental issues. Embracing the circular bioeconomy concept, this fruit waste can be applied as a bioresource (raw material) for the obtention of a wide...

The Mexican oregano by-products are a source of bioactive molecules (polyphenols) that could be extracted using solid-state fermentation (SSF). This study fermented the by-products via SSF (120 h) with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Sequentially, a bioactive and chemical determination was made according to the phenolic cont...

Bakery products, especially bread, exist in many homes worldwide. One of the main reasons for its high consumption is that the main raw material is wheat, a cereal that can adapt to a wide variety of soils and climates. However, the nutritional quality of this raw material decreases during its industrial processing, decreasing the value of fibers,...

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit worldwide, with high production that allows the production products such as juices and jams. Mango processing generates wastes, such as peels and seeds, which have been explored for their phytochemical profile and bioactivity. However, mango seed extraction processes generate waste sediment that has...

The COVID-19 pandemic remains an international concern and will continue to threaten our healthcare systems for years to come. Despite the implementation of vaccines, new alternatives must be developed, for example, the use of natural products such as polyphenols due to their reported biological activities. Pentagalloylglucose (PPG) is a polyphenol...

The selection of appropriate probiotic strains is vital for their successful inclusion in foods. These strains must withstand processing to reach consumers with ≥10⁶ CFU/g, ensuring effective probiotic function. Achieving this in commercial products is challenging due to sensitivity to temperature during processing. In this work, Lactobacillus reut...

Las infecciones por hongos son importantes de considerar en el manejo de los bovinos lecheros porque pueden afectar diferentes tejidos y causar abortos, lesiones dérmicas y mastitis, así como disminuir la producción de leche. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar el número de colonias fúngicas aisladas de bovinos lecheros en dos establo...

Starch is an important alloy in the food industry because it has important functions in this industry that are related to its physicochemical properties. In recent years, starch nanoparticles (SNPs) have been modified to produce nanostructures with improved physical and chemical properties. The current chapter analyzed the functional properties of...

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. So far, there are limited studies focused on Escherichia coli isolated from pig herds in Colombia. Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance to antibiotics of non-pathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from pig farms. Methods: The hemolytic capacity and...

Protein malnutrition is present in developing countries but also in developed ones due to actual eating habits involving insufficient protein intake. In addition to this, it is estimated by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations that the world’s population will increase to 9.1 billion people in less than 30 years. This poses a...

The medicinal plants of the desert can be a potential source of natural bioactive compounds with applications in health and food preservation. This work aimed to investigate the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of twenty-three plants from the arid zone of Viesca, Mexico. The antioxidant potential was determined by three methods (ABTS, FRA...

Phenolics bound to dietary fibres (DF‐PCs) represent a valuable source of antioxidants that are often wasted. DF‐PCs can be obtained as residues from conventional extraction processes of PCs derived from agro‐industrial by‐products. This study aimed to characterise DF‐PCs generated after the PC extraction process from the avocado peel (AP), mango p...

Protein malnutrition is present in developing countries but also in developed ones, due by the actual eating habits with insufficient protein intake, in addition to this it is estimated by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations an increase of world population of 9.1 billion people in less those 30 years, posing the challenge o...

This study investigated the recovery of polyphenolic compounds such as punicalagin, punicalin, and ellagic acid via solid-state fermentation (SSF)-assisted extraction from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) using Aspergillus niger GH1 and Saccharomhyces cerevisiae. Food processing has contributed to the increase in agroindustrial wastes, which h...

Background: The immune system is able to recognize substances that originate from inside or outside the body and are potentially harmful. Foreign substances that bind to immune system components exhibit antigenicity and are defined as antigens. The antigens exhibiting immunogenicity can induce innate or adaptive immune responses and give rise to h...

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a tropical fruit that is originally from Southeast Asia and it was introduced to Mexico in the 1960s; the fruit’s peel is known to possess ellagitannins such as ellagic acid which give the peel great biological activity; solid-state fermentation has been used to obtain said compounds and rambutan peel can be use...

Functional peptides are short aminoacidic sequences that could contribute to human health. Functional peptides possess a wide range of bioactivities. Hence, a growing interest in these kinds of molecules, mainly focused on studying their different production strategies and respective economic and technological challenges, is increasing, where enzym...

The exploration of natural antimicrobial compounds is necessary due to the current bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics. For this reason, pineapple residues were evaluated as a natural source of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial capacity. Pineapple residues were fermented with A. niger GH1 and subjected to ultrasound for the extraction...

An excessive amount of food waste is generated daily globally, which has a rich composition of diverse compounds, making its use desirable. There are several strategies to take advantage of food waste; among the most promising is solid-state fermentation. Solid-state fermentation is a tool that allows the development of microorganisms on solid or s...

Actualmente, existe una creciente preocupación ya que algunas especies de anfibios han mostrado un declive en sus poblaciones por causa de diversos factores, entre ellos los metales pesados; por esta razón, es importante realizar estudios sobre esta problemática ambiental. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la cantidad del plomo y arsénico...

Streptococcus mutans has been associated with the development of dental caries. Semidesert bush Jatropha dioica Sessé, found in northern Mexico and widely used as traditional medicine, is known to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The Folin–Ciocalteu method and free radical capture by DPPH technique were used to determine total polyphenols (TP) and anti...

Usually found bound to other complex molecules (e.g., lignin, hemicellulose), phenolic compounds (PC) are widely present in agro-industrial by-products, and their extraction is challenging. In recent times, research is starting to highlight the bioactive roles played by bound phenolics (BPC) in human health. This review aims at providing a critical...

Avances y perspectivas en el uso de los co-cultivos en control biológico Advances and perspectives on the use of co-cultures in biological control Rodríguez-González, L.

Currently, rural communities in the arid zone of Coahuila, Mexico obtain little economic income from collecting plants that grow in the desert. This contributes to negative aspects such as migration and marginalization in rural populations. Therefore, seeking alternatives to valorize medicinal plants is a priority. The objective of this chapter is...

GuavaGuava (Psidium guajava L) is grown in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Large-scale processing of guavaGuava into various products generates a large amount of waste, also called by-products (seeds, peel, pulp residues). They are an abundant and low-cost agricultural wasteAgricultural wastes that is readily available in larg...

Polyphenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites in plants; these molecules are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and herbs and can be found in the vacuoles of plant cells. The current trend in these compounds is their extraction to study their applications in several areas, such as the food, cosmetic, and pharmacology industry....

The bioprocessing of pineapple wastes into value-added bioproducts is a sustainable solution. This study examined a novel alternative for producing bioactive compounds using Aspergillus niger GH1 for solid-state fermentation (SSF) of pineapple peel and core. The results revealed that the chemical composition of pineapple waste was suitable for use...

Plants traditionally used for their antiviral activity could be an alternative against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the efficacy of 10 bioactive plant compounds commonly used in Mexico against COVID-19 was evaluated by molecular docking with two online servers: COVID-19 Docking Server and DockThor. Remdesivir was used as a control. The results showed...

Drylands are ecosystems whose biodiversity has developed the ability to adapt to extreme conditions, such as scarcity of water and high temperatures, and has evolved to survive in an environment where biomass and energy flow are limited. Microorganisms are a fundamental part of biodiversity in drylands since they have ecological and functional inte...

Agroindustrial activities generate various residues or byproducts which are inefficiently utilized, impacting the environment and increasing production costs. These byproducts contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including dietary fiber with associated phenolic compounds, known as antioxidant dietary fiber (ADF). Phenolic compounds a...

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St. Hil) and jarilla (Larrea divaricata Cav.) leaves are commonly used as tea infusions in some Latin American countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH) and the inhibitory potential of yerba mate and jarilla extracts on the 3CL protease (Mpro) from coronavirus S...

Gum-based coatings are defined as edible materials formed on the food surface and used to maintain the quality and extend the food shelf life. Gum-based coatings are obtained after the gum solubilization in water. The most common gums used to manufacture food coatings are xanthan, guar, arabic, tragacanth, and seed-based gums, due to their excellen...

This study is the first record of medicinal plants in the southwest of the Coahuila state, an arid zone where extreme dry conditions prevail. One hundred twenty-two residents (in sixteen communities) were interviewed. The residents were questioned with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedical survey protocol about the various plants used. Seventy-seven...

Plantas medicinales de Viesca

The residual leaves from essential oil extraction from Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) have a potential as a source of bioactive molecules (e.x. flavonoids) that could be extracted by solid state fermentation (SSF) process. In this study, the residual leaves were subjected to a SSF (120 h) by two microorganism Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizopus...

Mango seed is a by-product discarded in the processing of fruit. In this study, the extracts obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and fermentation-assisted extraction (FAE) were prepared and subjected to antimicrobial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, and K...

El proyecto CAHCTUSS busca que el conocimiento científico, humanístico, artístico y comunitario, con igualdad de género, se constituya en una comunidad emergente de conocimiento local, con las herramientas y saberes necesarios para ser, no sólo receptores, sino también productores de conocimiento en la región de Coahuila. El proyecto tiene múltiple...

This study investigated the recovery ellagic acid (EA) obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) assisted extraction from Mexican Rambutan peel (Nephelium lappaceum L.). For the recovered compound, the influences of Aspergillus niger inoculum, temperature and moisture were evaluated. Maximum accumulation of EA, radial growth of the microorganism,...

O desejo de reunir o mundo microscópico foi o principal motivo que nos impulsionou a organizar este livro. A princípio, o que deveria ser uma obra única, acabou tornando-se uma coleção. O presente livro visa oferecer uma abordagem importante, atual e de grande interesse para a sociedade em geral. Trata-se de uma coleção intitulada “Fatores de Virul...

This chapter talks about the importance of pathogenic microorganisms that affect food and that can cause disease in humans. General aspects of some pathogenic bacteria in food such as Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and other indicators of fecal matter are mentioned. In addition,...

The main objective of food preservation has been on controlling microbial populations, with a specific emphasis on pathogenic microorganisms. Food preservation implies inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Hostile environments for microorganisms are an adequate food preservation strategy The application of heat treatments, reduction of storage t...

Edible films were prepared with whey protein incorporating candelilla wax, and glycerol in aqueous solution. Tarbush polyphenols were added as bioactive agent. An optimization based on the water vapor permeability (WVP) of the formulation was performed using a Box-Behnken design. The films were characterized by the determination of WVP, moisture, s...

The objective of this study was to investigate the obtaining of antioxidant bioactive extracts from the Ataulfo mango seed. The influence of two drying methods (convection and lyophilization) and four extraction techniques (water bath, ultrasound, microwave, and enzymatic) were investigated for their total polyphenol content and antioxidant activit...

Physalis peruviana is marketed without its calyx, which generates byproducts and a decrease in the shelf life of these fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible pectin-coatings reinforced with nanocellulose from calyx on the physical-chemical and physiological parameters of P. peruviana fruits during refrigerated storage (5...

Lippia graveolens is a traditional crop and a rich source of bioactive compounds with various properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, UV defense, anti-glycemic, and cytotoxicity) that is primarily cultivated for essential oil recovery. The isolated bioactive compounds could be useful as additives in the functional food, nutrac...

Mango is a fruit with nutritional properties and also with recognized therapeutic uses. This fruit is widely grown in tropical and subtropical countries as a source of food and income for people. As mango is a seasonal fruit, about 20% of fruits are processed. Mango processing generates approximately 14,000,000 tons of bio-waste per year in the wor...

The mango seed is usually discarded as waste. However, this byproduct is an excellent source of bioactive compounds and nutrients with a high potential for valorization as novel food ingredients. In this chapter, Ataulfo mango seed was investigated for its nutritional and functional properties. The yield, protein, fatty acids (GC-MS), minerals, die...

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), is a fruit considered native to the American tropics. It is of great economic importance in many countries of the world, due to its high production and diversity of products derived from its fruit. It can be consumed fresh or processed. During the fruit’s processing, some residues are generated, such as seeds, rinds, and...

In recent years, the search for new antioxidant and antimicrobial agents is one of the first subjects of scientific research. The polyphenolic compounds of food byproducts have attracted scientists across the world in the search for new natural substances. In this study, antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, and TAA) and anti-Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC and cli...

High generation of food waste poses potentially serious pollution issues and high handling costs. However, food processing wastes rich in nutrients are attractive substrates for the bioconversion for valuable bioproducts such as enzymes, pigments, biofuels, oligosaccharides, growth-promoting substrates, polysaccharides, proteins, bioplastics, biosu...

Abstract: The present study evaluated the efficacy of the main bioactive compounds present in plants of the Mexican semi-desert (Flourensia cernua, Larrea tridentata, and Lippia graveolens) against COVID-19 protease (Mpro) and replicase (RdRp) by molecular docking study (In silico). The results show that Luteolin 7-O-glucoside (L. graveolens) has...

The effect of solid-state fermentation (SSF) of avocado seed with A. niger GH1 on the release of bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity was studied. The growing conditions of the fungus were optimized. Subsequently, The effect of sterile water and pontecorvo culture medium was evaluated in the SSF. The optimal conditions for SSF were particl...

Introduction: Mango is used in traditional medicine in many countries. However, the processing by-products are not currently used and generate large pollution problems and high handling costs. Objective: To study the effect of different parameters in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from mango peels using modern and ecological ultrasound...

The improvement of the postharvest quality of tomato fruits was evaluated using an edible coating functionalized with an Flourensia cernua extract evaluating the antifungal, structural, barrier, and optical properties. The formulation and evaluation of an edible coating and its application on tomato was evaluated using a response surface methodolog...

Biopesticide production has become a topic of intense research because of the application and use of this kind of bioactive agents to replace some traditional pesticides that are synthesized chemically, which are applied to food commodities. Worldwide, the market of biopesticides grows annually at a rate of 45% in North America, 25% in Europe and O...

The preservation of foods by the alcoholic fermentation is an activity closely linked to most of the cultures of the world. Nowadays, a large quantity of alcoholic beverages is produced, mainly beer and wine, by an alcoholic fermentation process of a sugary substrate or must, with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under anaerobic conditions. In th...

This chapter analyzes and describes the importance and application of biocontrol agents as an alternative of managing agroecosystem for restitution of productive soils for food production. Also, the ethics, benchmarks, biosafety rules, and the various approaches and explicit features of controlling the production of food in conventional ways and em...

Currently, the conservation and provision of security in the ecological environment have gained high importance, which it is framed in the term “Biosecurity.” This term integrates the care and maintenance of both flora and fauna and the natural habitats. The preventive measures where biosecurity must be a guarantee for all forms of life, and theref...

In this chapter, we describe details of basic and applied aspects of edible packaging for foods. Important challenges are going on to demonstrate the useful alternative or addition to conventional packaging. Food, pharma, and biotech sectors recognize the edible packaging as an alternative to reduce waste and to create novel applications for improv...

In this chapter, we describe details of basic and applied aspects of edible packaging for foods. Important challenges are going on to demonstrate the useful alternative or addition to conventional packaging. Food, Pharma and Biotech sectors recognize the edible packaging as an alternative to reduce waste and to create novel applications for improvi...

The mango peel represents from 15 to 20% of the total weight of the fruit. The aim of this review is to discuss the nutritional, functional and nutraceutical properties of mango peel. It also shows several ways to add value to the mango peels, and their uses. Mango peel contains considerable content of antioxidants and dietary fiber. The mango peel...

The effects of the addition of non-caloric sweeteners (stevia and aspartame) on the physicochemical properties of lyophilized mango peels (Kent and Keitt varieties) were evaluated. Drying and porosity kinetics were measured. Water activity, hydration, pH, titratable acidity and fiber content were measured. The results showed that during drying, the...