Cristian Martínez

Universidad de La Frontera · Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation

The prevalence of T2DM represents a challenge for health agencies due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality. Physical Activity (PA) is one of the fundamental pillars for the treatment of T2DM, so Physical Exercise (PE) programs have been applied to research their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of PE metho...

Introduction: Determining the body composition and somatotype in sport talents provides a useful reference to improve the trajectory toward high-level competition. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the body composition and somatotype by discipline of children and adolescents of both genders in the sport talent development program at...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program on anthropomorphic and cardiometabolic variables in schoolchildren with overweight and obesity. A total of 443 schoolchildren (age: 6.37 ± 0.65 years) took part in this study. The experimental group (EG; n = 295; age = 6.40 ± 0.64 years) was compoun...

Introduction: Few evidence on the use of antipsychotics in people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviors, generates the need to develop studies that contribute to collect, compare and synthesize the available information. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the clinical efficacy of antipsychotic medi...

Executive function is among the most affected cognitive dimensions in depression. Physical ex-ercise may improve executive function (e.g., working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility), although without consensus on adults with depression. Through this systematic review, we aim to elucidate the effects of physical exercise programs on executiv...

Physical exercise is a low-cost and easy-to-implement therapeutic option proposed to reduce the negative effect of depression on the executive function cognitive dimension, including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Although a considerable amount of scientific lit-erature on the topic is currently available, the effects of phy...

Background: Sleep quality is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function, as sleep problems are related to metabolic and endocrine alterations. Objective: The main objective was to determine the effects of an exercise training program on the sleep quality of severely obese patients with sleep problems. The secondary objective was to determ...

Exercise programs of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have been shown to improve the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects of sports-based exercise programs on cognitive performance, particularly executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sports-based exercise...

Background: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise programs have proven to exert positive effects on the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects sport-based exercise programs have on cognitive performance, upon executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sport...

El presente estudio aborda el análisis del esfuerzo percibido y tiempo en actividades de intensidad moderada y vigorosa en clases de Educación Física, considerando las diferencias según sexo y el estado nutricional de la persona estudiante. Participaron 95 estudiantes de 5° y 6° año de primaria de escuelas de la ciudad de Coyhaique, Chile. Se utili...

To verify the influence of the resting heart rate (RHR) measurement on different positions in the calculation of VO2max intensities in young individuals of both sexes. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a correlational design with a sample of 22 men and 11 women, aged 27.8 ± 6.5 years and 29.0 ± 8.6 years, respectively, healthy, active and sed...

Concurrent training (CT), characterised by combining both aerobic and resistance training modalities within the same session, is recognised to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, but little is known about the effects of different configurations (i.e., order) of these exercise modalities on MetS markers and the interindividual responses. The...

The physical education teacher’s role in the generation offavourable attitudes towards physical education is essential, because his behaviour directly influences how studentsrate the subject. The purpose of this study is to analysethe attitudes towards physical education teachers from theGerman and Chilean adolescents' perspective. 2030 studentspar...

One of the most studied aspects of children’s cognitive development is that of the development of the executive function, and research has shown that physical activity has been demonstrated as a key factor in its enhancement. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of specific sports interventions on the executive function of children and teen...

Background: Speed and throw ball in basketball players are determinant skills for basketball performance. The purpose of this study was to determinate the relationship between speed and throw the ball with jump capacity and body composition in university basketball players. Methods: A comparative descriptive study with transversal design and a q...

Introduction: The effect of two physical training methods on older adults should be investigated in greater depth and its results shared with the community. Objective: To determine the effects of two types of physical training on the functional features associated with the cognitive state and the effect on a physiological mediator of growth horm...

The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics and body composition in young Chilean elite tennis players aged 14 to 16 years. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A non-probability convenience sampling of 84 tennis players (58 males 15.5 ± 0.76 years old and 26 females, 15.3 ± 0.8 years old) was selected. Anthropom...

VILLOUTA, P. L.; CORREIA DE CAMPOS, L. F. C.; PAREDES, A. M.; VARGAS, V. R.; MARTÍNEZ, S, C. & GARCES, N. A. Caracterización antropométrica y composición corporal de tenistas de elite varones y damas de Chile. Int. J. Morphol., 39(1):84-89, 2021. RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las características antropométricas y de composición co...

Resumen Introducción: actualmente, el ejercicio físico practicado de manera regular es la mejor herramienta disponible para fomentar el bienestar de las personas y una mejor salud. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de condición física y el estado nutricional, así como la relación entre estos, en estudiantes de enseñanza bási...

The objective of the present study was to determine the association between lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA) level, screen time (ST), fitness and food habits) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in ethnic ascendant schoolchildren (i.e., Mapuche ascendant). This cross-sectional study included 619 schoolchildren with ethnic (...

Background Excessive screen time (ST) and lower physical activity (PA) patterns have been reported to have an impact on cardiometabolic risk (CMR); however, their impact on physical fitness needs in-depth study. Objective To determine the association between lifestyle (i.e. ST and PA after school) with physical fitness related to health and CMR (i...

Introduction: currently, regular physical exercise is the best tool available to promote people's well-being and improve their health. Objective: the objective of the study was to determine the level of physical condition and nutritional status, as well as the relationship between them, in elementary school students in the city of Chillán. Meth...

Background: Markerless systems require no markers to be attached to the body, thereby improving clinical feasibility and testing time. However, the lack of markers might affect the accuracy of measurements. Objective: This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Kinect system with MotionMetrix software for s...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a muscular strength programme on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognitive status in elder women with mild cognitive impairment who lived in areas of high air pollution. A total of 157 women participated in the study, distributed in four groups: Active/Clean (AC n = 38) an...

Introduction: the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on fat utilization during exercise needs to be studied in depth. Objective: to determine the effect of HIIT training program in subjects with overweight or obesity on the use of fat during exercise, body composition and cardiovascular variables. The second objective was to compa...

Background: dietary habits and physical activity (PA) patterns play a crucial role in the integral development of children and adolescents. Objective: to compare according PA frequency (i.e., 0,1,2,3 or 4 times / week) and weight status (i.e., normal weight, overweight and obesity), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), body image dissatisfa...

Background Excessive screen time (ST) and lower physical activity (PA) patterns have been reported to have an impact on cardiometabolic risk (CMR); however, their impact on physical fitness needs in-depth study. Objective To determine the association between lifestyle (i.e. ST and PA after school) with physical fitness related to health and CMR (i...

BACKGROUND Markerless systems require no markers to be attached to the body, improving clinical feasibility and testing time. However, the lack of markers might affect the measurements’ accuracy OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Kinect™ system with the MotionMetrix™ software for spatiot...

Background Markerless systems to capture body motion require no markers to be attached to the body, thereby improving clinical feasibility and testing time. However, the lack of markers might affect the accuracy of measurements. Objective This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Kinect system with Motio...

Resumen: El presente estudio tiene como propósito determinar cómo escolares de diferentes culturas perciben la utilidad de las clases de Educación Física. Fueron encuestados 2748 escolares (1373 de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile; y 1375 del Estado de Sarre, Alemania). Tanto los escolares chilenos como los alemanes reconocen una utilidad "deportiv...

Abstract: The aim of this study is to show how the students of different cultures perceive their physical education classes. 2748 students (1373 from the Araucania Region in Chile and 1375 from Saarland in Germany) have been surveyed. The students of both countries agree that the "sportive-recreational" aspect is more important than the "social-edu...

Este trabajo, buscó determinar el desempeño de saberes disciplinarios de las y los estudiantes de último año de la Carrera de Educación Física y Deporte de Chile. Se describió y analizó el nivel de conocimientos disciplinarios como también diferencias significativas entre áreas, universidades, tipo de casas de estudios, género y dependencia escolar...

Background: Describing the response of spatiotemporal gait characteristics, and related variables such as variability and stiffness, to different stressors is important to better understand spring-mass model. Research question: This study aimed to examine the effect of fatigue induced by a running protocol on spatiotemporal gait parameters, step...

Objectives: While altered sleep patterns (i.e., low sleep time) have been studied and reported in adults as a new cardiometabolic risk factor, less information is available on how sleep patterns impact children of different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to compare levels of blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in relation...

Resumen. El déficit de instrumentos para valorar la calidad de formación otorgada a los alumnos de la carrera de pedagogía en educación física, a partir de la determinación de fortalezas y debilidades, antes del egreso, asociada al conocimiento de las bases curriculares y planes y programas de la asignatura de Educación Física y Salud, del Minister...

Introduction: psychosocial development affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and academic performance (AP). Objective: to determine differences in self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction, and HRQoL between girls who practice dancing, girls who play sports, and girls who perform no physical activity. To determine the association between...

Introduction: Background: physical exercise presents evidence for the treatment of insulin resistance. However, it is necessary to deepen this knowledge. Objective: to compare the effectiveness of a high intensity interval training program (HIIT) with one of resistance training (RT) to improve biochemical parameters of insulin/basal glycemia and p...

Objectives: Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) plays a fundamental role in firefighters' occupational activities due to the high intensity tasks they perform in their professional duties. In Chile, firefighters are volunteers (non-salary) and their lack of continuous and programmed physical activity may affect their physical fitness and health....

Although an increasing number of children are becoming obese, the psychological comorbidities associated with obesity are not well established. This research was aimed at determining if there is association between body image dissatisfaction with anthropometrics parameters, weight status and self-esteem in children from public schools. The sample c...

Abstract. The present study aims to establish the relationship between subjective perception of effort with the objective measurement of effort through accelerometer; as well as to contrast the perception of physical effort that schoolchildren have of their Physical Education classes and that of teachers who teach them. Seven monitored Physical Edu...

El tenis es un tipo de deporte caracterizado por esfuerzos cortos e intermitentes, la evidencia apoya el argumento de que las capacidades funcionales como la fuerza, la potencia, la velocidad y la agilidad son necesarias para competir en los niveles más altos. La investigación buscó analizar la relación entre la agilidad y las variables antropométr...

BACKGROUND: adequate exposure to Physical Education (PE) classes contributes to a healthier lifestyle among children during their lifespan. OBJECTIVE: the main objective of this research was to evaluate the perception of obese schoolchildren regarding their participation in PE class and to determine their self-esteem compared with overweight and n...

Background: obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective: to determine the relationship between health-related physical fitness and physical activity levels, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters for different weight statuses of Chilean schoolchildren. Ma...

En Chile, el incremento de la obesidad infantil ha llegado a ser un importante problema de salud pública, sin embargo existe escasa evidencia de su impacto en factores psicológicos en población preadolescente y adolescente. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado nutricional de escolares y sus niveles de autoestima, determinando la...

The increase of childhood obesity has become a major public health problem in Chile; however, there is little evidence of its impact on psychological factors in preadolescent and adolescent populations. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the nutritional status of schoolchildren and their self-esteem levels, determining the relationship of...

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age and sex on the functional movement in Spanish primary school children. A group of 172, 6–11 years old children (83 girls and 89 boys), participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMS), sex and chronological age of children. The ANC...

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age and sex on the functional movement in Spanish primary school children. A group of 172, 6-11 years old children (83 girls and 89 boys), participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMS), sex and chronological age of children. The ANCOVA (BMI a...

Background: In spite of there are a wide knowledge of the prevalence of hypertension in adult, there is poor information on schoolchildren of different ethnicity and gender. Aim: To compare the levels of blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors for hypertension between schoolchildren of different gender and ethnicity. Material and meth...

En Chile, el incremento de la obesidad infantil ha llegado a ser un importante problema de salud pública, sin embargo existe escasa evidencia de su impacto en factores psicológicos en población preadolescente y adolescente. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado nutricional de escolares y sus niveles de autoestima, determinando la...

Introducción: los niños con exceso de peso corren mayor riesgo de sufrir alteraciones psicosociales. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación fue relacionar la condición de sobrepeso y obesidad con los niveles de autoestima y felicidad en escolares de centros educativos públicos. Métodos: participaron 364 escolares (180 niños y 184 niñas) d...

Abstract Introduction: overweight children are at increased risk for psychosocial disorders. Objective: the purpose of this research was to relate the condition of overweight and obesity to the levels of self-esteem and happiness in schoolchildren of public schools. Methods: a total of 364 schoolchildren (180 boys and 184 girls) were enrolled be...

Introducción La alta ingesta calórica y la falta de actividad física están provocando alarmantes alzas en la cantidad de niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad (HIIT, por sus siglas en inglés) en la disminución del porcentaje de grasa, mejor...

The present study analyzed the acute effects of an incremental running test on countermovement jump (CMJ) and handgrip strength performance in endurance athletes, considering the effect of post-exercise recovery time and sex. Thirty-three recreationally trained long-distance runners, 20 men and 13 women, participated voluntarily in this study. The...

Sedentary overweight or obese adult (age<60 years) women, allocated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=13), dyslipidemia alone (DYS, n=12), dyslipidemia associated with hyperglycaemia (DYSHG, N=12), or healthy control (CON, n=10) groups, had their lipid, glucose, blood pressure, endurance performance, and anthropometry variables assessed before a...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a multidisciplinary exercise program on physical fitness, metabolic profile and nutritional status of obese patients. Methods: Seventeen women and four men (N.=21, age 18 to 60 years), with severe obesity (BMI=35-40 kg/m2, N.=7), morbid obesity (BMI=40-50 kg/m2, N.=9), and super obes...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la percepción del estudiantado acerca de las prácticas pedagógicas que favorecen u obstaculizan la inclusión educativa en el aula de Educación Física. Además, develar las creencias del profesorado de Educación Física sobre la inclusión educativa. El estudio posee un alcance exploratorio-descriptivo y uti...

The aim of this study was to determine differences in muscular activation and the moment of maximum electromyography amplitude pre- and post-impact of the roundhouse (bandalchagui) kick between novice and advanced taekwondo athletes. Sixteen taekwondo competitors (four women) were categorized according to years of practice into novice (n = 8, < 3 y...

Introduction: High caloric intake and lack of physical activity are causing alarming increases in the amount of overweight and obese children. The objective of this study was to determinate the effectiveness of an High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program in the reduction of fat percentage, improve nutritional status and physical abilities of...

The aim of the present investigation was to analyze students’ perception of the practices that favor or obstruct educational inclusion in Physical Education settings. Also, to inquire about teachers’ beliefs on the subject. The study has an exploratory-descriptive scope and uses a mixed method. Participants included were 163 students in the 7th and...

Objective: To assess the effects of a physical exercise program on the lipid profile, weight status and the cardiovascular health of obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Method: 22 morbidly obese patients participated in a 6-month physical exercise program. 16 formed the adherent group (attendance ≥ 80%; age: 37.81 ± 11.90 years) and six the...

Introduction: The body composition, anthropometrics and physical performance of basketball players are fundamental for their practice of the sport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare body composition and physical performance among college and professional basketball players. Method: The sample consisted of 2 groups of male basket...

Introducción: La obesidad infantil es un problema de elevada magnitud y con graves repercusiones en el estado de salud, lo que plantea la necesidad de tomar medidas orientadas a estimular o mejorar, tanto el aporte nutricional como la condición física. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el desempeño físico de una muestra de estudiantes según...

Introduction: The increase in abdominal fat and excess weight are related to dissatisfaction with body image, which nowadays is highly prevalent nationally and internationally. Aim: The purpose of the study was to relate dissatisfaction levels to body image, nutritional status, cardiometabolic risk and cardiorespiratory capacity in pre-adolescen...

The aim of this study was to compare heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE) and technical-tactical actions during small-sided games (SSG) played without (CTR), with internal (IW) and with IW and external (IEW) wildcard players. A total of 22 young male soccer players (age 17.2±0.9 y) randomly completed six 4vs4 SSG situations. The control condit...

BACKGROUND: Little evidence exists on which variables of body composition or muscular strength mediates more glucose control improvements taking into account inter-individual metabolic variability to different modes of exercise training. OBJECTIVE: We examined ‘mediators’ to the effects of 6-weeks of resistance (RT) or high-intensity interval trai...

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the distances and displacement speeds of U12 Soccer-7 athletes during four tournament Soccer-7 games (TG) played in less than 24-h (experimental condition) with those recorded during two league Soccer-7 games (LG) with 24-h of rest prior to the match (control condition). Ten participants (age = 10.3...

The object of the present study was to analyze and compare attitudes towards physical education among Chilean and German schoolchildren, concentrating on the degree of importance that they attribute to the subject and their degree of conformance with the classes that they receive, by country, gender, and school grade. A survey was applied to 2,748...