Cristian Chadwick

Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez · Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias

Climate change has intensified in recent decades, leading to increasingly severe droughts. This trend will continue due to the emissions and increasing concentration of greenhouse gas (GHG). One of the main direct climate change consequences is the modification and alteration of the dynamics and function of forest ecosystems, having effects ranging...

Stochastic methods have been typically used for the design and operations of hydraulic infrastructure. They allow decision makers to evaluate existing or new infrastructure under different possible scenarios, giving them the flexibility and tools needed in decision making. In this paper, we present a novel stochastic streamflow simulation approach...

Standard quantile mapping (QM) performs well, as a bias adjustment method, in removing historical climate biases, but it can significantly alter Global Climate Model (GCM) signal. Methods that do incorporate GCM changes, commonly consider mean changes only. Quantile delta mapping (QDM) is an exception, as it explicitly preserves relative changes in...

Valdés-Pineda et al. (Sustainability 14:413, 2022) present data for changes in climate, socio-economic, and land use and land cover (LULC) from diverse sources, concluding that the main causes for the desiccation of the Aculeo Lake were the river deviations and aquifer pumping, along with the impact of reduced precipitation. Based on that, they inf...

Hydrological modeling tools can support collaborative decision processes by visually displaying hydrological systems connections, uncertainties, as well as conflicting preferences over water management strategies. Nevertheless, many challenges remain in the real application of these technical tools to successfully implement, capture, and communicat...

The way of life of agricultural rural territories and their long-term capacity to adapt to changes will be challenged not only by the impacts of climate change; but by increased vulnerability stemming from previous inadequate climate adaptations and development policies. Studies that deepen understanding of the differential causes and implications...

Hydrological modeling tools can support collaborative decision processes by visually displaying hydrological systems connections, uncertainties and gaps, as well as conflicting preferences over water management strategies. Nevertheless, many challenges remain in the real application of these technical tools to successfully implement, capture, and c...

Los métodos de quantile mapping (mapeo de cuantiles) se utilizan comúnmente para corregir sesgos (BC) de la precipitación y temperatura de los modelos de circulación general (GCM). Aunque funcionan bien para eliminar el sesgo de la media y desviación estándar histórica, se ha demostrado que estos métodos distorsionan las tasas de cambios de los GCM...

A coding package called climQMBC (climatic variables Quantile Mapping Bias Correction), written in R, Python, and MATLAB, which implemented five quantile mapping methods: QM (Standard Quantile Mapping), DQM (Detrended Quantile Mapping), QDM (Quantile Delta Mapping), SDM (Scale Distribution Mapping) and UQM (Unbiased Quantile Mapping), and produces...

Chile was an early adopter of water rights (WR)markets. WR markets have been documented and are driven by demand from relatively high-valued water uses. WR markets in Chile face many challenges in order for it to deliver its full potential as an efficient water allocation mechanism. The objective of this chapter is to apply the WMRA framework to de...

Chile is positioned in the 20th rank of water availability per capita. Nonetheless, water security levels vary across the territory. Around 70% of the national population lives in arid and semiarid regions, where a persistent drought has been experienced over the last decade. This has led to water security problems including water shortages. The wa...

The Aculeo Lake is an important natural reservoir of Central Chile, which provides valuable ecosystem services. This lake has suffered a rapid shrinkage of the water levels from year 2010 to 2018, and since October 2018, it is completely dry. This natural disaster is concurrent with a number of severe and uninterrupted drought years, along with sus...

Due to its particular geographic and climatic characteristics, Chile is periodically affected by floods that in many cases have produced significant socioeconomic impacts. Furthermore, there is a national concern about whether or not the frequency and magnitude of these events will increase in the future due to climate change. This chapter presents...

Climate change is modifying the way we design and operate water infrastructure, including reservoirs. A particular issue is that current infrastructure and reservoir management rules will likely operate under changing conditions different to those used in their design. Thus, there is a big need to identify the obsolescence of current operation rule...

A governmental watershed collaborative process in Aculeo, a semi‐endorheic 149 km² sub‐basin in Chile, debated options for the water scarcity problems they were facing, including their lake desiccation. However, instead of joining forces, discussions around the possibility of recovering the lake generated further conflicts, revealing that it was no...

The spatial distribution of surface air temperatures is essential for understanding and modeling high‐relief environments. Good estimations of the surface temperature lapse rate (STLR) and the 0°C isotherm height (H0) are fundamental for hydrological modeling in mountainous basins. Although STLR changes in space and time, it is typically assumed to...

The time at which climate change signal can be clearly distinguished from noise is known as time of emergence (ToE) and is typically detected by a general circulation model (GCM) signal-to-noise ratio exceeding a certain threshold. ToE is commonly estimated at large scales from GCMs, although management decisions and adaptation strategies are imple...

Accounting for climate change, GCM-based projections and their uncertainty are relevant to study potential impacts on hydrological regimes as well as to analyze, operate, and design water infrastructure. Traditionally, several downscaled and/or bias-corrected GCM projections are individually or jointly used to map the raw GCMs' changes to local sta...