Cristian Abelairas-Gómez

• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at University of Santiago de Compostela

Introduction: despite the discrepancies between process and product-oriented motor assessments, some hybrid tests exist in the literature that provide a more comprehensive approach. Objetive: the study explored the associations between process and hybrid-oriented motor assessments in Spanish adolescents to test possible overlapping motor competence...

This is the eighth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence revi...

Background: Basic life support (BLS) is a life-saving link in the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest chain of survival. Most members of the public are capable of providing BLS but are more likely to do so confidently and effectively if they undertake BLS training. Lay members of the public comprise diverse and specific populations and may benefit from...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the variations in individual muscle stiffness across different maturation stages (i.e., peak height velocity [PHV]) in elite youth soccer players and to explore the associations between lower limb muscle stiffness and performance in sprinting (10, 20, and 40 m sprint), maneuverability (9–3-6–3-9 m spr...

Fundamental movement skills (FMS), considered as building blocks of movement, have received growing interest due to their significant impact on both present and future health. FMS are categorized into locomotor, object control and stability skills. While there has been extensive research on assessing the proficiency and reliability of locomotor and...

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) compared to traditional instruction or other forms of learning on resuscitation training outcomes and on clinical and/or patient-related outcomes. Methods As part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation it was c...

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), compared with other instructional methods, for basic and advanced life support training. Methods This systematic review was part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) and reported base...

Background High-quality and engaging cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training of both health care professionals and members of the public is necessary to provide timely and effective CPR to maximize survival and minimize injuries. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel method to enhance CPR engagement and training. However, a near-peer mentoring frame...

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Sc...

BACKGROUND High quality and engaging cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training of both health care professionals and members of the public is necessary to provide timely and effective CPR to maximize survival and minimize injuries. Virtual reality is a novel method to enhance the CPR engagement and training. This study is also unique in its appl...

Most recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation were developed from the perspective of high-resource settings with the aim of applying them in these settings. These so-called international guidelines are often not applicable in low-resource settings. Organisations including the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) have not...

Objective: Considering the lack of a unified tool for appraisal of quality of educational resources on lay rescuer adult Basic Life Support (BLS), this study aimed to develop corresponding evaluation checklist based on international expert consensus. Methods: In a two-round Delphi study, participating experts completed questionnaires to rate each...

Objectives: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, in collaboration with drowning researchers from around the world, aimed to review the evidence addressing seven key resuscitation interventions: 1) immediate versus delayed resuscitation; (2) compression first versus ventilation first strategy; (3) compression-only CPR versus standa...

Background The brand-new anti-choking devices (LifeVac® and DeCHOKER®) have been recently developed to treat Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO). However, the scientific evidence around these devices that are available to the public is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the ability to use the LifeVac® and DeCHOKER® devices in an adul...

Aim: To implement small methodological changes in basic life support (BLS) training to reduce unnecessary pauses during automated external defibrillator (AED) use. Methods: One hundred and two university students with no BLS knowledge were randomly allocated into three groups (control and 2 experimental groups). Both experimental groups received...

Schools have been postulated as ideal environments to encourage physical activity (PA). This study aimed to assess the relationship between PA in school hours, motor competence , and screen time in a sample of Spanish preschool children. Fifty-seven 4-5-year-old preschoolers (n = 32 girls) participated. The Garmin Vivofit wristband was used to meas...

We aimed to calculate the interrater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) after raters reached a consensus regarding measurement criteria. Three raters measured the fundamental movement skills of 25 children on the TGMD-3 at two different times: (a) once when simply following the measurement criteria in the TGMD...

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve cardiac arrest survival; however, lack of willingness or community training lead to low bystander CPR rates. Virtual Reality (VR) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training among high-school students is an innovative method to train bystander CPR skills. VR is well received by “technology...

Background Foam rolling has been extensively investigated, showing benefits in performance and recovery. Recently, vibration has been added to foam rollers, with hypothesized advantages over conventional foam rollers. However, there is no systematic evidence in this regard. Objective To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis about the eff...

Children’s motor competence (MC) was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, possible chronic effects have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the possible impact of the forced lack of physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 lockdown on children’s MC two years later. The motor competence of sixty-seve...

Aim: to assess the possible associations between the development level of fundamental movement skills and health-related physical fitness in primary schoolchildren. Methods: in 21 healthy schoolchildren (14 girls) aged 7-12 years, motor competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, which provide motor competence score and also...

This systematic review aims to provide evidence of attributes for the concept and structure of the term physical literacy for its understanding in Spanishspeaking countries mainly from Latin America and Spain. Many definitions of physical literacy refer to a lifelong participation in physical activity, presenting multiple benefits for people's heal...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the different phases of a water rescue, their influence in the whole lifesaving and if lifeguards could be differentiated according to their abilities during a water rescue. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the different phases and lifeguards abilities of a simulated water res...

A person, usually a child or young adult, dies by drowning every 90 seconds around the planet. Most drowning prevention initiatives do not assess the efficacy of the intervention. In this study, thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds had their level of water safety knowledge (covering cold shock, rips and tides) assessed before, just after, and 3-6 months...

Objective To quantitatively assess the learning capacity of school children aged between 8-12 years in basic life support (theory and practice) after a feasible school training programme. Material and methods Quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample of 567 pupils in 3rd and 5th year of Primary Education, and first year of Compulsory Seco...

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Tre...

Objective To compare the effectiveness of 4-month rolling-refreshers and annual retraining in basic life support (BLS) on a sample of schoolchildren. Design Prospective longitudinal trial. Setting and participants Four hundred and seventy-two schoolchildren (8–12 years old). Interventions Schoolchildren were instructed in BLS and then split into...

Previous pilot experience has shown the ability of visually impaired and blind people (BP) to learn basic life support (BLS), but no studies have compared their abilities with blindfolded people (BFP) after participating in the same instructor-led, real-time feedback training. Twenty-nine BP and 30 BFP participated in this quasi-experimental trial....

Introducción y objetivo: El desarrollo de las habilidades motrices básicas (HMB) se ha relacionado con distintos indicadores de salud (práctica de actividad física, sobrepeso, obesidad), por lo que conocer el grado de dicho desarrollo puede ser de utilidad para detectar situaciones en las que sea necesaria una intervención precoz. Sin embargo, hast...

Objective: We aimed to compare traditional basic life support (BLS) education with specific and innovative educative didactic material that has been previously designed and validated. Methods: Fifteen classes of schoolchildren aged 5 to 8 years (n = 237) were randomly assigned to 4 groups in which different didactic and complementary materials w...

Objective: This study focuses on the characteristics (feasibility, resuscitation quality, and physical demands) of infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the forearm during fast walking, performed by a trained lay rescuer. Methods: Twenty-one university students from the infant education degree participated in a randomized crossover simulati...

Training schoolchildren in basic life support (BLS) is strongly recommended to effectively increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rates. Paediatricians and other health staff members used to be involved in BLS training, but the wide dissemination of BLS skills would need additional support; as a solution, schoolteachers might have e...

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a lockdown in Spain due to COVID-19 on the levels of physical activity, exercise and sedentary lifestyle. After declaring state of alarm in Spain, a questionnaire was distributed via social networks with demographic questions, academic and/or employment status, physical activity and sedentary lifes...

There is limited scientific evidence on the brand-new suction anti-choking devices as alternative or complementary tools for the treatment of foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO). However, they are already available in some public places. With the hypothesis that laypersons would not use them properly we have carried out the present simulation st...

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is one of the most common tools for assessing the fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children between 3 and 10 years. This study aimed to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the TGMD—3rd Edition (TGMD-3) between expert and novice raters using live and video assessment. Five raters [2 e...

Background The ILCOR Basic Life Support Task Force and the international drowning research community considered it timely to undertake a scoping review of the literature to identify evidence relating to the initial resuscitation, hospital-based interventions and criteria for safe discharge related to drowning. Methods Medline, PreMedline, Embase,...

Objective Many victims of drowning fatalities are lay-people attempting to rescue another. This review aims to identify the safest techniques and equipment (improved or purpose made) for an untrained bystander to use when attempting a water rescue. Method A sample of 249 papers were included after the bibliographic search, in which 19 were finally...

Introduction: On-boat resuscitation can be applied by lifeguards in an inflatable rescue boat (IRB). Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prehospital care procedures need to be re-evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine how the use...

Cuarta toma de una serie de guías elaboradas por la Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte y expertos de las tres universidades gallegas, que nacen con la vocación de poner a disposición de federaciones, clubes, profesores y entrenadores, sugerencias con base científica que permitan acelerar la vuelta a la normalidad en la práctica de la actividad deporti...

Editorial published in Resuscitation on the paper: Riva et al. Survival after dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2020, in press. Doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.125

Objective To quantitatively assess the learning capacity of school children aged between 8-12 years in basic life support (theory and practice) after a feasible school training programme. Material and methods Quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample of 567 pupils in 3rd, 5th and 1st year of Primary Education, and Compulsory Secondary Edu...

Difficulties that paediatricians find when evaluating psychomotor development at an early age result in the possibility that, at the school stage, seemingly healthy children can conceal development disorders, thereby complicating their detection, even within their own family environment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of developmental di...

Introduction As the number of schoolchildren with chronic diseases is constantly increasing, teachers must be aware of this new reality and of the special needs of these children. However, there is very little information about the knowledge, skills, and concerns of teachers when faced with a possible urgent situation that could occur in a child wi...

Objective: Introducing a new, simple and inexpensive portable equipment for lifeguards, consisting of a pre-assembled full-size plastic blanket with a mask and HEPA filter, which could offer significant time-saving advantages to reduce COVID-19 risk transmission in the first few minutes of CPR after water rescue, avoiding the negative impact of de...

Objective To identify, synthesise and evaluate studies that investigated the reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) variants. Methods A systematic search was employed to identify studies that have investigated internal consistency, inter-rater, intra-rater and test-retest reliability of the TGMD variants through Scopus, Pubmed/M...

The aim of this study was to derive an equation that validly and reliably estimates the VO2 reached in the IPTL, a maximum stress test for lifeguards. From the results obtained in the first part of the research, a multiple linear regression model was identified. A "stepwise" procedure was established as a variable selection method, where the VO2IPT...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), is highly contagious. Lifeguards are the first line of response in aquatic emergencies and they will suffer a strong exposure to risk this first summer of the Covid-19 era, so their occupational health must be rethought in their professional practice d...

Occupational health recommendations for lifeguards in aquatic emergencies in the Covid-19 era: prevention, rescue and resuscitation Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), is highly contagious. Lifeguards are the first line of response in aquatic emergencies and they will suffer a strong exp...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of first aid (FA) of primary and pre-school teachers and the parents of children in these education stages. Methods: A questionnaire already used in previous publications was employed and consisted of 4 sections: 1) general information; 2) assessment of FA knowledge; 3) questions abo...

University students, as a result of their lifestyles, represent a section of the population that is most likely to adopt sedentary behaviours. The aim of the present study was to analyse the determining factors dictating the performance of physical activity as well as sedentary behaviour among university students. A total of 608 students (64.6% wom...

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of first aid (FA) of primary and pre-school teachers and the parents of children in these education stages. Methods A questionnaire already used in previous publications was employed and consisted of 4 sections: (1) general information; (2) assessment of FA knowledge; (3) questions abou...

Background: Incidence of difficult endotracheal intubation ranges between 3 and 10%. Bougies have been recommended as an airway adjunct for difficult intubation, but reported success rates are variable. A new generation flexible tip bougie appears promising but was not investigated so far. We therefore compared the new flexible tip with a standard...

Introduction: Using videos seems to be a good option to share cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the learning effect of viewing a video about why and how to do CPR in young footballers, as well as on how to use an automatic external defibrillator. Material and methods: A prospective, analytical and observat...

Resumen Introducción Cada vez hay más niños escolarizados con enfermedades crónicas, por lo que los profesores deben ser conscientes de esta nueva realidad y de las necesidades especiales que pueden tener estos alumnos. Sin embargo, tenemos muy poca información sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y preocupaciones de los profesores ante una posible...

Objective: To determine the thermal demand of simulated Flood Rescue tasks and impacts on performance. Methods: Ten participants undertook two simulations: ‘Cold’ (4 °C)-participants stood in knee height moving water (4.8km·h⁻¹), with simulated wind and rain for 60 min. ‘Warm’ (20 °C)-participants performed 6x7 min walking in knee height moving wat...

Introduction and objectives: Bystander assistance is decisive to enhance the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite an increasing number of basic life support (BLS) training methods, the most effective formula remains undefined. To identify a gold standard, we performed a systematic review describing reported BLS training methods for...

Introducción y objetivos La asistencia de los testigos es decisiva para mejorar los resultados de la parada cardiaca extrahospitalaria. Pese al número creciente de métodos de formación en soporte vital básico (SVB), la fórmula más efectiva no está definida. Esta revisión sistemática pretende describir los posibles métodos de entrenamiento en SVB pa...

Aim To analyse the effect of oxygen fraction reduction (O2 14%, equivalent to 3250 m) on Q-CPR and rescuers' physiological demands. Methodology A quasi-experimental study was carried out in a sample of 9 Q-CPR proficient health care professionals. Participants, in teams of 2 people, performed 10 min CPR on a Laerdal ResusciAnne mannequin (30:2 comp...

Several professional groups, which are not health professionals, are more likely to witness situations requiring basic life support (BLS) due to the nature of their job. The aim of this study was to assess BLS learning after 150 min of training in undergraduate students of sports science and their retention after eight months. Participants trained...

Objective: Response time is a predictive factor for survival of drowning victims and lifesaving. Rescue Water Craft (RWC) are lifeboats very common in lifeguards operations. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of providing effective mouth-to-mouth ventilations and/or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the RWC while sailing at d...

Paediatric cardiorespiratory arrest is a rare event that requires a fast, quality intervention. High-quality chest compressions are an essential prognostic factor. The aim of this prospective, randomized and crossover study in infant manikin 2-min cardiorespiratory resuscitation scenario is to quantitatively compare the quality of the currently rec...

This narrative review discusses the evidence relevant to key aspects of drowning, which is defined by the World Health Organization as the process of respiratory difficulty caused by submersion/immersion in liquid. The length of time the victim is submerged is a key factor in survival and neurologic damage. Although respiratory distress and hypoxia...

This narrative review discusses the evidence relevant to key aspects of drowning, which is defined by the World Health Organization as the process of respiratory difficulty caused by submersion/immersion in liquid. The length of time the victim is submerged is a key factor in survival and neurologic damage. Although respiratory distress and hypoxia...

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar los hábitos y motivaciones de práctica de actividad física-deportiva del alumnado universitario. En el estudio participó una muestra de 608 universitarios del campus de Santiago de Compostela, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Para el análisis de datos se establecieron dos grupos (hombr...

RESUMEN: A lo largo de la última década ha aumentado considerablemente el sobrepeso y la obesidad a nivel mundial, siendo los niños y niñas una de las principales víctimas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el peso, talla y hábitos saludables de niños y niñas de 4-6 años de diferentes colegios de la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela. Se...

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar los hábitos y motivaciones de práctica de actividad física-deportiva del alumnado universitario. En el estudio participó una muestra de 608 universitarios del campus de Santiago de Compostela, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Para el análisis de datos se establecieron dos grupos (hombr...

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training method embedded in a cardiac rehabilitation program at enhancing patients’ CPR and defibrillation skills. One hundred and fourteen participants with coronary heart disease enrolled on an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program were i...

Evaluar la capacidad de personas no expertas en la realización de un rescate acuático y determinar el riesgo teórico de sufrir un ahogamiento que correrían si lo llevasen a cabo en un caso real. OBJETIVO 44 individuos consiguieron terminar el rescate (86%). Los 7 restantes (14%) precisaron ayuda para volver a tierra. Tras clasificar a los participa...

Objective To compare the quality of chest compressions performed according to the classical technique (MT) vs. a new technique (NM) (compression with 2 thumbs with closed fists) in an infant manikin. Design A controlled, randomized cross-over study was carried out in professionals assisting pediatric patients. Setting A University Hospital with a...

Introduction Decision-making in emergencies is a multifactorial process based on the rescuer, patient, setting and resources. The eye-tracking system is a proven method for assessing decision-making processes that have been used in different fields of science. Our aim was to evaluate the lifeguards’ capacity to perform the ABCDE (Airway-Breathing-C...

Evaluation tool of the lifeguards’ performance. (DOCX)