Cort W. Rudolph

Saint Louis University | SLU · Department of Psychology

Over the past two decades, knowledge hiding has rapidly emerged as an important research stream in organizational behavior and knowledge management literature. However, our understanding of this phenomenon is limited, because of a lack of synthesis across the nomological network of knowledge hiding and its related constructs. Therefore, we present...

The notion of the "older worker" is frequently used in the organizational literature, in organizational practice, and in society, but so far, no research has investigated why people consider someone to be an older worker at a certain age. In the qualitative part of this study, we examined potential reasons for considering workers to be "older" at a...

Among the many work (and life) characteristics of relevance to adult development and aging, various forms of control are some of the most extensively and diversely studied. Indeed, “control,” whether objectively held (i.e., “actual” control), perceived, or enacted through self-regulation, is a concept central to our understanding of person-environm...

Conceptual and statistical models that include conditional indirect effects (i.e., so-called “moderated mediation” models) are increasingly popular in the behavioral sciences. Although there is ample guidance in the literature for how to specify and test such models, there is scant advice regarding how to best design studies for such purposes, and...

The concept of implicit organizational timetables suggests that leaders are expected to be older than their followers. However, increased age diversity in the workforce has led to situations in which this is not the case. Expanding on the core tenets of leader categorization theory, the present study establishes the concept of an age-prototypical t...

How do individuals with a higher versus lower occupational status experience major, unexpected changes to their work life? The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted most areas of work life and, thus, provides a unique opportunity to examine changes in work attitudes in response to a worldwide crisis. We predict that individuals with higher, but not with...

Research on job resources suggests strong links with work engagement, but less is known about its association with personal resources and possible mechanisms linking personal resources to work engagement. Based on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and lifespan development theories, we develop and test a model of the indirect relationships betw...

Research has shown that there is an association between body dissatisfaction (a person’s negative evaluation of their own physical body) and romantic relationship satisfaction. Some have suggested that individuals with higher levels of body dissatisfaction report less satisfaction with their romantic relationships. However, others have suggested th...

Research on commuting to work and its potential consequences for employee strain and wellbeing has accumulated across various disciplines. However, this has led to a narrow research scope with wide methodological variability. An integration of this literature is needed to understand the breadth of the commuting experience and interpret heterogeneou...

Researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in the role of political orientation in the workplace. Importantly, people do not always agree with other members of their profession when it comes to politics. However, the effects of such person-occupation political orientation misfit on people’s work-related attitudes remain uncle...

Researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in the role of political orientation in the workplace. Importantly, people do not always agree with other members of their profession when it comes to politics. However, the effects of such person-occupation political orientation misfit on people’s work-related attitudes remain uncle...

The field of I-O psychology often paints distinctions between the competing goals of science and practice, but this is a false dichotomy. The focal article by Guzzo et al. (2022) relies on the convenience of this distinction to argue that openness has both positive and negative implications for the science and practice of I-O psychology. We counter...

Research on work, aging and retirement has reached a level of maturity as indicated by an established base of empirical findings and an increasing number of empirical studies on these and related phenomena. Given the development of the field, it is a good time to critically reflect on the measurement of core theoretical constructs that inform our u...

With this commentary, we aim to add an international perspective to the discussion on how industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology could help address the problem of racialized police violence. We describe how policing was reformed in Germany after World War II, as well as the problems Germany currently faces regarding racialized police violen...

Boundary management refers to the ways that individuals create, maintain, and manage demarcations between work and personal life. Research regarding boundary management provides multi-disciplinary value across the organizational sciences, including work-family and work-nonwork research, but is hindered by terminological confusion and construct prol...

Thriving at work has been defined as employees’ joint sense of vitality and learning. Based on the socially embedded model of thriving at work, we examine several competing operationalizations of thriving at work. We hypothesize effects of (a) composite thriving, (b) separate vitality and learning scores, and (c) the interaction between vitality an...

Thriving at work has been defined as employees’ joint sense of vitality and learning. Based on the socially embedded model of thriving at work, we examine several competing operationalizations of thriving at work. We hypothesize effects of (a) composite thriving, (b) separate vitality and learning scores, and (c) the interaction between vitality an...

Environmental sustainability has become an ethical and strategic imperative for organizations, and more and more employees are interested, encouraged, or instructed to act in environmentally sustainable ways. Consequently, organizational scholars have increasingly studied individual-level antecedents of employee pro-environmental or employee green...

Environmental sustainability has become an ethical and strategic imperative for organizations, and more and more employees are interested, encouraged, or instructed to act in environmentally sustainable ways at work. Consequently, organizational scholars have increasingly studied individual-level antecedents of employee pro-environmental or “green”...

Boundary management refers to the ways that individuals create, maintain, and manage demarcations between work and personal life. Research regarding boundary management provides multi-disciplinary value across the organizational sciences, including work-family and work-nonwork research, but is hindered by terminological confusion and construct prol...

Although popular in the organizational sciences, in the media, and in practice, the concepts of “generations” and “generational differences” have been increasingly scrutinized based on theoretical, methodological, and statistical concerns. Here, we present a short obituary to bid adieu to these troubled concepts, with the hopes of memorializing and...

In this chapter, we take a broad, psychological perspective in reviewing ageism and age-related stereotyping in the modern world. We answer the following three questions: (1) What predominant age-related stereotypes exist in and across life contexts?; (2) What are the origins and pervasiveness of these stereotypes?; and (3) How do these stereotypes...

Murphy and DeNisi (2021) offer that there is scant evidence that age-based stereotypes affect personnel judgments and decisions. However, this conclusion is drawn from evidence that assumes that biased judgments follow from stereotypes, rather than from evidence suggesting that stereotypes precede biased judgments. In this reply to Murphy and DeNis...

Objective: Anecdotal evidence suggests work fatigue has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and work interventions to offset stresses have been effective. Our study sought to test these propositions, documenting and describing the complexity of worker well-being around two lockdown periods. Methods: Using 17 waves of data from a longitudinal...

Objective: Anecdotal evidence suggests work fatigue has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and work interventions to offset stresses have been effective. Our study sought to test these propositions, documenting and describing the complexity of worker well-being around two lockdown periods. Methods: Using 17 waves of data from a longitudinal st...

Although popular in the organizational sciences, in the media, and in practice, the concepts of “generations” and “generational differences” have been increasingly scrutinized based on theoretical, methodological, and statistical concerns. Here, we present a short obituary to bid adieu to these troubled concepts, with the hopes of memorializing and...

Based on transactional stress theory and theoretical propositions regarding affective perceptions and reactions, we develop and test a model of reciprocal within-person relations between perceptions of directive and empowering leadership and employee emotional engagement and fatigue. A sample of n = 1,610 employees participated in a study with a th...

Due to climate change, the need to protect biodiversity and reduce pollution, and governmental regulations, many organizations are aiming to become more environmentally sustainable. In this context, researchers and practitioners are increasingly interested in the construct of employee green behavior (EGB). EGB has been considered by numerous empiri...

Due to climate change, the need to protect biodiversity and reduce pollution, and governmental regulations, many organizations are aiming to become more environmentally sustainable. In this context, researchers and practitioners are increasingly interested in the construct of employee green behavior (EGB). EGB has been considered by numerous empiri...

Folk wisdom suggests that “you cannot teach an old dog new tricks.” Accordingly, as the average age of the workforce increases, there is a potential concern based on negative stereotypes that organizations will become less innovative. Drawing from lifespan development theories and theorizing on innovation, we explore this concern by testing, at the...

Folk wisdom suggests that “you cannot teach an old dog new tricks.” Accordingly, as the average age of the workforce increases, there is a potential concern based on negative stereotypes that organizations will become less innovative. Drawing from lifespan development theories and theorizing on innovation, we explore this concern by testing, at the...

The edited volume Age and Work: Advances in Theory, Methods, and Practice presents a systematic collection of key advances in theory, methods, and practice regarding age(ing) and work. This cutting-edge collection breaks new ground by developing novel and useful theory, explaining underutilized but important methodological approaches, and suggestin...

Based on transactional stress theory and theoretical propositions regarding affective perceptions and reactions, we develop and test a model of reciprocal within-person relations between perceptions of directive and empowering leadership and employee emotional engagement and fatigue. A sample of n = 1,610 employees participated in a study with a th...

Organizational researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in how subjective age—employees’ perceived age—is related to important work and career outcomes. However, the direction of the relationship between employees’ subjective age and retirement intentions remains unclear, thus preventing theoretical advances and effective i...

Organizational researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in how subjective age—employees’ perceived age—is related to important work and career outcomes. However, the direction of the relationship between employees’ subjective age and retirement intentions remains unclear, thus preventing theoretical advances and effective i...

Talk about generations is everywhere and particularly so in organizational science and practice. Recognizing and exploring the ubiquity of generations is important, especially because evidence for their existence is, at best, scant. In this article, we aim to achieve two goals that are targeted at answering the broad question: “What accounts for th...

Little is known about the relative influence of age-differentiated leadership on healthy aging at work. Likewise, the age-conditional influence of age-differentiated leadership is understudied, and especially so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a three-wave longitudinal study, we examined the role that age-differentiated leadership pl...

The strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model posits that development across the adult lifespan is accompanied by improvements in emotion regulation and declines in physiological flexibility. Due to these age-related changes, emotional well-being is expected to be higher among older (vs. younger) adults when they experience no or only min...

The strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model posits that development across the adult lifespan is accompanied by improvements in emotion regulation and declines in physiological flexibility. Due to these age-related changes, emotional well-being is expected to be higher among older (vs. younger) adults when they experience no or only min...

Lifespan theories seek to explain the ways that individuals manage their development, staying healthy and content amidst age-related gains and losses. However, the lifespan literature is fragmented, with constructs studied separately rather than in concert. This study addresses these issues, generating evidence regarding the integrative factor stru...

Over the past two years, numerous empirical studies in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior, and industrial, work, and organizational psychology have investigated employee experiences and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper is to take a step back and to outline several theoretical and methodolog...

Over the past two years, numerous empirical studies in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior, and industrial, work, and organizational psychology have investigated employee experiences and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper is to take a step back and to outline several theoretical and methodolog...

Lifespan theories seek to explain the ways that individuals manage their development, staying healthy and content amidst age-related gains and losses. However, the lifespan literature is fragmented, with constructs studied separately rather than in concert. This study addresses these issues, generating evidence regarding the integrative factor stru...

Due to increased dynamics in the world of work and the resulting responsibility of individuals to shape their careers more independently, there is an increased need to focus on the individual as an active agent in the development of a successful career. Drawing on action regulation theory, this four-wave longitudinal study investigates the dynamic...

Feedback environment reflects the perceptions of the contextual, day-to-day feedback process within supervisor–subordinate relationships. Here, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis of the feedback environment literature. On the basis of K = 112 independent samples, representing N = 31,089 workers, results suggest that feedback environment is po...

Conceptual and statistical models that include conditional indirect effects (i.e., so-called “moderated mediation” models) are increasingly popular in the behavioral sciences. Although there is ample guidance in the literature for how to specify and test such models, there is scant advice regarding how to best design studies for such purposes, and...

Research has recently started to examine relationships between proactive behavior and employee well-being. Investigating these relationships is important to understand the effects of proactive behavior at work, and whether proactive behavior leads to an increase or a decrease in well-being. In this daily-diary study, we investigated effects of proa...

Feedback environment reflects the perceptions of the contextual, day-to-day feedback process within supervisor-subordinate relationships. Here, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis of the feedback environment literature. Based on K = 112 independent samples, representing N = 31,089 workers, results suggest that feedback environment is positivel...

The goal of this longitudinal study was to examine how three dimensions of self-reported work performance, including task proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, changed between December 2019 and September 2020 in Germany. Based on event system and transition theories, we expected work performance to decline due to the "lockdown" between early Ap...

The goal of this longitudinal study was to examine how three dimensions of self-reported work performance, including task proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, changed between December 2019 and September 2020 in Germany. Based on event system and transition theories, we expected work performance to decline due to the “lockdown” between early Ap...

A great deal of attention has been paid to various contextual features of the aging process, and this is especially true in the study of aging, work, and retirement. Here, we review two books—one written for a “popular” audience, the other for an “academic” audience—that explore features of later-life work and retirement. Across both texts, a commo...

Control is one of the most ubiquitous and fundamental concepts to the study of psychology, including to theory, research, and practice related to aging and work. Indeed, control constructs exist in many different forms (e.g., self-efficacy, job autonomy, locus of control), and they have been extensively linked to performance and well-being with age...

Control is one of the most ubiquitous and fundamental concepts to the study of psychology, including to theory, research, and practice related to aging and work. Indeed, control constructs exist in many different forms (e.g., self-efficacy, job autonomy, locus of control), and they have been extensively linked to performance and well-being with age...

Only recently has research started to examine relationships between proactive behavior and employee well-being. Investigating these relationships is important for understanding the effects of proactivity at work, and whether proactivity leads to an increase or a decrease in well-being. In this study, we investigated day-level effects of proactive b...

Career adaptability is a psychosocial resource that aids in coping with current and anticipated tasks, transitions, and traumas that people experience in their occupational roles. Although there is a great deal of evidence that career adaptability relates to important career outcomes, the role that it is perceived to play in involuntary, radical, a...

With the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Vocational Behavior, careers science has “come of age.” From time-to-time, as a science matures, it is important to take stock of its approach to answering empirical questions—to ask whether or not “how we know what we know” is well founded and would lead one to conclude a firm grounding in rigorous, robu...

Career adaptability is a psychosocial resource that aids in coping with current and anticipated tasks, transitions, and traumas that people experience in their occupational roles. Although there is a great deal of evidence that career adaptability relates to important career outcomes, the role that it is perceived to play in involuntary, radical, a...

With the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Vocational Behavior, careers science has “come of age.” From time-to-time, as a science matures, it is important to take stock of its approach to answering empirical questions—to ask whether or not “how we know what we know” is well founded and would lead one to conclude a firm grounding in rigorous, robu...

Based upon theories that describe the process of family stress adaptation, we model changes in family demands and satisfaction with family life during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of n = 1,042 respondents from Germany. Moreover, based on ecological perspectives on the role of family context, we consider partnership status and parental statu...

Based upon theories that describe the process of family stress adaptation, we model changes in family demands and satisfaction with family life during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of n = 1,042 respondents from Germany. Moreover, based on ecological perspectives on the role of family context, we consider partnership status and parental statu...

This study examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of individual differences and changes in the perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between early April 2020 and early September 2020. This timeframe includes the first national “lockdown,” the period of “easing” of restrictions, and the summer vacation period. D...

This study examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of individual differences and changes in the perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between early April 2020 and early September 2020. This timeframe includes the first national “lockdown,” the period of “easing” of restrictions, and the summer vacation period. D...

In this chapter, we consider the role of time for research in occupational stress and well-being. We first discuss temporal issues in studying occupational health longitudinally, focusing in particular on the role of time lags and their implications for observed results (e.g., effect detectability), analyses (e.g., handling unequal durations betwee...

In this chapter, we consider the role of time for research in occupational stress and well-being. We first discuss temporal issues in studying occupational health longitudinally, focusing in particular on the role of time lags and their implications for observed results (e.g., effect detectability), analyses (e.g., handling unequal durations betwee...

The concepts of “generations” and “generational differences” are nearly ubiquitous phenomena. Organizational policy makers often face questions about the purported influence of generations and differences assumed to exist between them for a variety of issues. Given the sheer volume of work dedicated to the topic, both academic and in the popular pr...

The proper estimation of age, period, and cohort (APC) effects is a pervasive concern for the study of a variety of psychological and social phenomena, inside and outside of organizations. One analytic technique that has been used to estimate APC effects is cross-temporal meta- analysis (CTMA). While CTMA has some appealing qualities (e.g., ease of...

Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well-being and career-related behavior cannot sufficiently be explained by social exchange and reciprocity theories, yet the alternative mechanisms underlying these associations are currently not well understood. Based on the psychological contract perspective on careers, the goal of...

Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well-being and career- related behavior cannot sufficiently be explained by social exchange and reciprocity theories, yet the alternative mechanisms underlying these associations are currently not well understood. Based on the psychological contract perspective on careers, the goal of...

Respect is an important psychological and interpersonal phenomenon that has been included in various theoretical and empirical approaches to leadership for nearly 70 years. In this systematic and critical review article, we provide a comprehensive summary and critique of theories, definitions, measures, and empirical studies of respect in leadershi...

Respect is an important psychological and interpersonal phenomenon that has been included in various theoretical and empirical approaches to leadership for nearly 70 years. In this systematic and critical review article, we provide a comprehensive summary and critique of theories, definitions, measures, and empirical studies of respect in leadershi...

As Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology accumulates, resting state functional connectivity (rs-fc) within and between brain networks decreases, and fluctuations in cognitive performance known as intra-individual variability (IIV) increase. Here we assessed relationship between IIV and anti-correlations in rs-fc between the default mode network (DMN)-do...

When seeking information about the influence of generations, policy makers are often faced with more questions than answers. One reason for this is the nearly ubiquitous nature of generations. Generations have been used to explain everything from shifts in broadly defined social phenomena (e.g., anti-war movements; Dunham, 1998) to the demise of ma...

To address the challenges imposed by demographic change, organizations have become increasingly interested in maintaining and improving employees’ work ability across the working lifespan. Based on signaling and social exchange theories, we present a study that investigates the indirect influence of age inclusive human resource practices on work ab...

Talk about generations is everywhere and particularly so in organizational science and practice. Recognizing and exploring the ubiquity of generations is important, especially because evidence for their existence is, at best, scant. In this article, we aim to achieve two goals that are targeted at answering the broad question: “What accounts for th...

The impacts of COVID-19 on workers and workplaces across the globe have been dramatic. This broad review of prior research rooted in work and organizational psychology, and related fields, is intended to make sense of the implications for employees, teams, and work organizations. This review and preview of relevant literatures focuses on (a) emerge...

In his essay, Bal (2020) calls for the“PWexit”–that is, work and organizational psychologists should stop studying employee performance and well-being. The essay is one ofseveral recent papers written by "critical organizationalscholars" that have appeared in work and organizationalpsychology journals (see also Bal & Dóci, 2018; Mumby, 2019). These...

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted many people’s lives. This study examined changes in subjective wellbeing between December 2019 and May 2020, and how stress appraisals and coping strategies relate to individual differences and changes in subjective wellbeing during the early stages of the pandemic. Data were collected at four time po...

COVID-19’s impacts on workers and workplaces across the globe have been dramatic. We present a broad review of prior research rooted in work and organizational psychology, and related fields, for making sense of the implications for employees, teams, and work organizations. Our review and preview of relevant literatures focuses on: (i) emerging cha...

Pandemics have historically shaped the world of work in various ways. With COVID-19 presenting as a global pandemic, there is much speculation about the impact that this crisis will have for the future of work and for people working in organizations. In this article, we discuss 10 of the most relevant research and practice topics in the field of in...

Pandemics have historically shaped the world of work in various ways. With COVID-19 presenting as a global pandemic, there is much speculation about the impact that this crisis will have for the future of work and for people working in organizations. In this article, we discuss 10 of the most relevant research and practice topics in the field of in...

To address the challenges imposed by demographic change, organizations have become increasingly interested in maintaining and improving employees’ work ability across the working life span. Based on signaling and social exchange theories, we present a study t