Coralie Calvet

French National Centre for Scientific Research | CNRS

Biodiversity offsetting (BO) is increasingly used in environmental policies as a way to halt biodiversity losses caused by the development of infrastructure and urbanization. Ecological gains for offsets have so far mainly been obtained through restoration activities conducted on agricultural land specifically acquired for this purpose by developer...

Within the framework of the mitigation hierarchy, biodiversity offsetting is the main tool promoted to reach No Net Loss. One of the determining factors of offsetting success is the evaluation of ecological equivalence. Various equivalence assessment methods (EAMs) have been developed to provide a framework to evaluate the balance between expected...

Urbanization leads to land-use changes and landscape fragmentation, impacting natural habitats and their connectivity. In principle, many local decision-makers are obliged to adopt a mitigation hierarchy whereby development projects must be designed to avoid impacts on biodiversity, reduce, and ultimately compensate for the remaining impacts to rea...

Biodiversity Offsets (BO) and Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are sometimes used interchangeably to characterize innovative economic tools to conserve or restore biodiversity, ecosystems, or their services. We assume that a confusion between PES and BO can have negative implications for biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we argue t...

The mitigation hierarchy was introduced in 1976 in the first French and German laws on nature protection. While planned and pooled compensation organizations appeared in Germany at the end of the 1990s, it was not until the beginning of 2010 in France that we observed a shift towards a more pooled (mitigation banks institutionalized in 2016 in the...

Between ecological integrity and economic efficiency: analysis of a "ecological no net loss" Policy. Defining and implementing a policy of no net loss of biodiversity raise many questions of an ecological, economic and social nature. In this article, we propose to analyze three of them from an economic perspective at the crossroads of ecological an...

Biodiversity offsetting (BO) claims to slow down biodiversity loss caused by development projects by generating ecological gains mainly through restoration activities conducted on land acquired to this effect. This leads to social conflicts around accessing land, especially with farmers and other land-users. The purpose of this paper is to analyze...

Alors qu’il n’y a pas de modèle d’action standardisé en France, les expériences de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis dont les pratiques sont plus anciennes, permettent d’apporter de nouveaux éclairages : des accents sont mis sur la planification territoriale via le code de l’urbanisme, une distinction est faite entre la biodiversité ordinaire et la bio...

Environmental policies increasingly refer to biodiversity offsets (BO) as a way to slow or halt biodiversity losses caused by development projects, including infrastructure and urban development, that could not be avoided or minimized through adequate mitigation. In many cases, ecological gains for offsets are obtained through restoration activitie...

The mitigation hierarchy has been at the heart of French environmental regulations since the EIA process was introduced in 1976. Its application, however, has been patchy, especially concerning compensation for impacts on wildlife. New mechanisms have been put in place and trialed over the last few years so that France now has one of the most compr...

Les gouvernements se sont récemment engagés à enrayer l’érosion de la biodiversité. Dans ce contexte, la compensation écologique est apparue comme une réponse politique en permettant, en principe, de répondre à l’exigence de conciliation de deux intérêts souvent antagonistes : le développement économique et la conservation de la biodiversité. L’obj...

Même s'il suscite encore de nombreux débats, le principe de compensation écologique pour les dégâts causés à la biodiversité lors de projets d’aménagements a finalement été adopté en mars dernier dans le cadre de la loi « Biodiversité ». À travers l'exemple de la réhabilitation écologique et pastorale du verger de Cossure en plaine de Crau, prem...

Although many countries have included biodiversity offsetting (BO) requirements in their environmental regulations over the past four decades, this mechanism has recently been the object of renewed political interest. Incorporated into the mitigation hierarchy in three steps aimed at avoiding, reducing and offsetting residual impacts on biodiversit...

La possibilité de compenser des impacts écologiques résiduels provenant de projets d’aménagement via le mécanisme d’offre de compensation vient d’être introduite, en France, dans le projet de loi relatif à la biodiversité. La compensation écologique constitue la dernière étape de la séquence éviter-réduire-compenser (ERC) les impacts environnementa...

This Special Issue on “Ecosystem Services and Institutional Dynamics” is composed of a selection of papers which were originally presented during the 10th biennial conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics held in June 2013 in Lille. Ecosystem services, i.e. the material and immaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems, has b...

Le site de Cossure, situé dans la plaine de Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France), représente la première expérimentation française du dispositif de compensation par l’offre. Inspirée du modèle américain d’« habitat banking », cette opération pilote menée par CDC Biodiversité et le ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable et de l’Énergie, expéri...

Mental models are the cognitive representations of the world that frame how people interact with the world. Learning implies changing these mental models. The successful management of complex social-ecological systems requires the coordination of actions to achieve shared goals. The coordination of actions requires a level of shared understanding o...