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January 1993 - December 1997
January 1998 - present
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Publications (157)
Cheese production generates a large amount of liquid waste called cheese whey (CW). The management of CW is not optimized in Ecuador since a large proportion of it is discharged into the soil or effluents, causing significant environmental impacts. For this reason, the co-composting of whey with solid organic wastes can be a suitable method for its...
Resumen El cantón Mocha se encuentra ubicado al suroeste de la provincia de Tungurahua (Ecuador). El cantón cuenta con una superficie total de 86,2 km 2 y los ingresos económicos de su población se obtienen principalmente a través de la agricultura, ganadería y la industria láctea con la elaboración de quesos. Estas actividades utilizan métodos de...
Resumen: En el 2021, Ecuador produjo unas 94.422 toneladas de queso, siendo el cuarto país mayor productor de queso de América Latina. El principal subproducto/residuo generado en las empresas de elaboración de queso es el lactosuero, se estima que por cada kg de queso se generan 9 L. De este modo, Ecuador generó unos 850.000 m 3 de lactosuero en e...
In this work, plant waste and cow manure were co-composted to recover the heat generated during the thermophilic stage of composting by heating water through conducting heat exchangers buried in the pile. The parameters associated with the degradation and humification of organic matter during composting and the agronomic and economic value of the f...
Volcanic eruptions can have long-lasting negative effects on nearby environments and communities, especially those relying on agriculture. The Tungurahua and Sangay volcanoes in Ecuador’s highlands pose a significant risk to the region’s agricultural economy and inhabitants. The most recent eruption of the Tungurahua volcano spanned from September...
The current levels of added sugars in processed foods impact dental health and contribute to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This review presents sugars and sweeteners used in food processing, the current possibility to replace added sugars,...
Over the last several years, the models for organic waste management have changed to implement circular economy in the productive cycle. In this context, new scenarios have emerged, where the management of different organic waste streams by composting is conducted with decentralized models that manage organic wastes in a more local way. However, in...
We determined the adequate dose of biomass ash (BA) (30, 50, 100 and 150 % (w/w, on dry weight basis)) for the treatment of a sewage sludge (SS) and the effect of BA treated SS on soil properties and survival of radish seedlings compared to SS treated with hydrated lime (SS-Lime). The results obtained showed that the use of BA for SS conditioning w...
On-farm composting of agro-livestock wastes can be considered the most appropriate method for their recycling. Pile turning (PW) is one of the most widely used aeration systems for composting. However, this system has long composting periods and is inefficient at supplying oxygen and controlling the temperature. To minimize these drawbacks, the com...
El sector agropecuario de Ecuador aporta el 8,14 % del PIB y genera cantidades importantes de residuos sólidos que contaminan el ambiente al no ser correctamente gestionados. Las actividades de este sector se desarrollan en las zonas rurales del país, tales como, la parroquia de San Andrés, ubicada en la provincia de Chimborazo (Ecuador). Este estu...
En la provincia de Chimborazo se producen aproximadamente 573.035 L/día de leche, se calcula que por cada 10 L de leche se obtiene alrededor de 1 kg de queso fresco y 9 L de suero de leche. Este residuo de la empresa láctea (lactosuero) no es tratado y es empleado para alimentación animal o es vertido de forma directa sobre el suelo, corrientes de...
The Tungurahua volcano located at an altitude of 5,020 m developed an eruptive process between 1999 and 2016, affecting the soils of nearby communities with volcanic ash. The objective of the research was to study the effect of compost on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals both in the soil and on a short-cycle crop (onion, Allium fistulosum L). A...
In Ecuador, the agriculture and livestock sectors are very important within the economy of rural areas. These activities generate a large amount of waste whose management is not optimized. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize different agro-livestock wastes generated in a rural area, the parish of San Andrés (Chimborazo-Ecuador), in order...
San Andrés es una parroquia rural de la provincia del Chimborazo (Ecuador) cuya actividad económica depende directa y principalmente de la agricultura y la ganadería. El sector agro-ganadero aporta el 8,14 % del PIB de Ecuador y está liderado por pequeños productores, pertenecientes a la población rural que emplea técnicas tradicionales de producci...
En las últimas décadas en Ecuador se ha producido un aumento de la población y su
concentración en zonas urbanas. Esto ha conllevado a una mayor demanda y saneamiento de agua, lográndose grandes progresos en la cobertura de agua potable, mientras que el tratamiento de aguas residuales no está implantado en todos los municipios, vertiendo estos aflu...
En este trabajo se está realizando un experimento de co-compostaje de lodos procedentes de la industria avícola (LAV), con residuos de orujillo (OR), cenizas de orujillo (COR) y poda urbana (PU). Se fabricaron dos pilas con diferentes proporciones de los residuos anteriores en una planta de tratamiento de situada en Guadix, Granada. El objetivo del...
La parroquia de San Luis (Ecuador) es una parroquia rural con una generación de residuos domiciliarios de 0,5081 kg/día*hab y con una actividad agro-ganadera importante, dedicándose a la crianza de especies menores principalmente conejos y cobayas. La generación de estiércol de cobaya y de conejo es de 0,1707 y 0,2286 kg/día, respectivamente. Ambos...
La generación de residuos florícolas del Mercado de Flores (Ambato-Ecuador) es de 40 a 50 kg/día y los residuos orgánicos del Mercado la Condamine (Riobamba- cuador) está entre 100 a 150 kg/día. La gestión de estos residuos es inadecuada, ya que su principal destino es su disposición en vertederos, trayendo consigo problemas sociales y ambientales....
The progressive implementation of the circular economy in the productive cycle is producing a conceptual change on the models for organic waste management, where waste is now becoming to be considered as a resource. Thus, new scenarios have emerged in which the management by composting of different organic waste fractions, such as those from househ...
During the last decades, there has been an increase in population, with increased food production, and a concentration of inhabitants in cities. This fact has led to an increase in the generation of organic waste of urban, agricultural and livestock origin, which requires adequate management that allows the recycling of the waste generated. In this...
La agricultura y ganadería son sectores con una gran importancia económica y social en Ecuador. La provincia de Chimborazo destaca dentro de estos sectores debido a que el 15% de su superficie está dedicada a cultivos permanentes y transitorios, así como a pastos cultivados. Respecto a la ganadería, en esta provincia se lleva a cabo la crianza de m...
La parroquia de Bilbao es una comunidad ubicada en la Provincia de Chimborazo (Ecuador), en las faldas del Volcán Tungurahua, una zona considerada altamente agrícola y ganadera que fue gravemente afectada por el proceso eruptivo en el periodo comprendido entre 1999 y 2016. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar los suelos contaminados c...
In semi-arid vineyard agroecosystems, highly vulnerable in the context of climate change, the soil organic matter (OM) content is crucial to the improvement of soil fertility and grape productivity. The impact of OM, from compost and animal manure, on soil properties (e.g., pH, oxidisable organic C, organic N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N), grape yield and di...
The search for alternative materials for peat substitution in soilless systems has led to an increasing use of compost as ingredient of growing media. These materials may have similar characteristics to peat for their potential use as substitutes of this non-renewable material. However, the high salinity is one of the most usual limiting factors in...
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los impactos ambientales producidos en la zona de influencia del volcán Tungurahua, que sufrió un proceso eruptivo durante 17 años. Para ello, en este estudio se inició con la selección de los puntos de muestreo en las Provincias de Tungurahua y Chimborazo y el establecimiento de la Revisión Ambiental...
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del porcentaje de poda de jardines municipales sobre el proceso de compostaje de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos (FORSU). Para ello, se elaboraron tres pilas con diferentes proporciones de residuos para obtener una relación C/N adecuada (24,6-30,8): P1 (90% FORSU + 10% PODA), P2...
El método Takakura se fundamenta en el compostaje de residuos orgánicos a los que se les añade un inóculo de microorganismos elaborado mezclando un preparado dulce (agua+levadura+productos lácteos fermentados+azúcar) y otro salado (agua+pieles de frutas+hojas de hortalizas+sal) sobre un lecho de harina, hojarasca y serrín. El objetivo de esta inves...
Las Denominaciones de Origen Protegidas (DOP) tienen gran relevancia para los productos, ya que les confieren una calidad diferenciada y además pueden tener un importante beneficio sobre el territorio amparado. En este estudio se han muestreado 58 suelos de diferentes parcelas de la DOP Granada Mollar de Elche de las comarcas de L’Alicantí, Baix Vi...
In this study, composting was proposed as an option for the treatment of vegetable wastes and guinea pig manure. Thereby, two mixtures (approximately 1000 kg each) were prepared with these residues and two aeration systems were used (aeration by turnings (P1) or forced aeration + turnings (P2)). The results obtained indicate that the type of aerati...
The objective of this study was to evaluate windrow composting as a method to recycle the sludges from jeans manufacture in the textile industry (TS). For this, two piles (approximately 800 kg each) were made with different percentage combinations of TS, municipal garden waste (MGW) and vegetable food market waste (FMW): Pile 1: 50% TS + 30% FMW +...
The soil conditions and the yield and quality of Rosa sp. var. Freedom were determined following the incorporation into the soil of rose waste composts, with or without fertigation; the effects of these treatments were compared with those of non-stabilized chopped rose wastes + fertigation (FWF). The growing conditions were those of a commercial gr...
En el año 2016, Sudamérica produjo unos 232 millones de toneladas de vegetales (cereales, cítricos y hortalizas), de los cuales 3,4 millones se produjeron en Ecuador. Actualmente en este país no se lleva a cabo una gestión adecuada de los residuos vegetales generados, ya que son comúnmente acumulados en terrenos vacíos cercanos a las explotaciones...
La industria petrolífera en Ecuador es un sector con una gran importancia económica, siendo su producción alrededor de 550.000 barriles/día. La actividad petrolera es una de las industrias que genera más impactos ambientales en este país. Existen diferentes metodologías para la biorremediación de suelos contaminados por petróleo, entre las que se e...
En el cantón Guaranda (Ecuador), se generan unas 360 toneladas de residuos de matadero/año, los cuales no son tratados y son descargados de forma directa al río Guaranda, ocasionando malos olores y la propagación de vectores. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue proponer el compostaje mediante pila móvil como método para reciclar este tipo...
México genera alrededor del 56% de la producción total de hongos comestibles de Latinoamérica y ocupa el puesto 18 como productor a nivel mundial. Pleurotus ostreatus es el segundo hongo comestible más cultivado en todo el mundo, durante su producción se genera como residuo el sustrato agotado donde se ha cultivado. El sustrato post-cultivo de hong...
This work evaluates several co-composting scenarios based on the use of Arundo donax biomass (AD) as bulking agent for the co-composting of sewage sludge (MS) and agri-food sludge (AS), to manage these organic wastes and to produce balanced organic fertilizers by optimizing the process. For this, six piles were prepared in commercial composting con...
In the Mediterranean countries, there is an increasing production of date palm wastes (Phoenix dactylifera L.), not only due to the raising production of date palm fruits, but also derived from the maintenance of urban and peri-urban green areas, especially in those affected by red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). The management of this inc...
In this experiment, three piles were elaborated with rose waste (RW), sawdust (S), and different manures - broiler chicken manure (BCM), hen manure (HM), and quail manure (QM) - and were composted by windrow composting. Parameters associated with the degradation and humification of organic matter (OM) during composting and with the agronomic and ec...
Ecuadorian floriculture occupies a very large area, 9,327 hectares [1], and generates approximately 5,000 tons of wastes/year. These wastes can be treated by composting and then incorporated into the farming productive cycle as organic amendments. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the effects of different flower waste composts on soi...
Currently, the management of urban waste streams in developing countries is not optimized yet, and in many cases these wastes are disposed untreated in open dumps. This fact causes serious environmental and health problems due to the presence of contaminants and pathogens. Frequently, the use of specific low-cost strategies reduces the total amount...
This work was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using different agroindustrial composts
in the production of horticultural seedlings, thereby replacing part of the peat in the growing media.
Three vegetable species differing in salt sensitivity - tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Malpica) (the
least sensitive), courgette (Cucu...
En este estudio se plantea el co-compostaje del tronco de palmera (TP) con lodos de
depuradora procedentes de la depuración de aguas residuales urbanas (EDAR) y de la depuración de
aguas residuales del sector agroindustrial (EDARI), para el desarrollo de biosustratos y biofertilizantes,
como vía de gestión de la biomasa generada. Se configuraron 4...
Teruel es una provincia caracterizada por una gran cantidad de municipios de muy escasa
población, más de un tercio de los municipios no llega a los 100 habitantes censados y el 80% tiene menos de
500 habitantes. Muchos de estos municipios tienen importantes fluctuaciones estacionales de población, que
dificultan su gestión de residuos, especialmen...
La mayor parte de los suelos vitivinícolas mediterráneos se caracterizan por ser deficientes en materia orgánica,
lo cual los hace vulnerables frente a la degradación y pérdida de suelo, así como supone la obtención de bajas
producciones. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar las condiciones de cultivo de la vid que conllev...
En este trabajo se pretende estudiar la influencia del uso de proporciones crecientes de residuo de tronco
de palmera (Phoenix dactylifera) (TP) en el co-compostaje junto con lodos de EDAR (LD) con el fin de
optimizar el proceso a escala comercial. Para ello el estudio se dividió en 3 Fases: en la Fase 1 se
realizaron 4 mezclas con diferentes propo...
El compostaje doméstico puede ser considerado como una estrategia de prevención y reducción
de residuos municipales. En los últimos años, este tipo de prácticas han cobrado un peso específico
considerable y existen multitud de experiencias en distintos entornos (rurales y urbanos). Disponer de
estrategias adecuadas de implantación y de seguimiento...
Teruel es una provincia caracterizada por una gran cantidad de municipios de muy escasa
población, más de un tercio de los municipios no llega a los 100 habitantes censados y el 80% tiene menos de
500 habitantes. Muchos de estos municipios tienen importantes fluctuaciones estacionales de población, que
dificultan su gestión de residuos, especialmen...
We evaluated the effects of the addition of two types of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), SMS from an Agaricus bisporus crop (SMS1) and a mixture of SMSs from an A. bisporus crop and a Pleurotus crop (50% v/v each) (SMS2), on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey-loam soil and the yield and nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rel...
In Ecuador, enormous quantities of vegetable wastes are produced annually from the horticultural industries. Composting can be a feasible treatment to stabilise horticultural wastes and, thus, to improve their properties for use as organic fertilisers. In this study, two different piles were prepared, using laying hen manure and sawdust mixed with...
The objective of this work was to study the co-composting process of wastes from the winery and distillery industry with animal manures, using the classical chemical methods traditionally used in composting studies together with advanced instrumental methods (thermal analysis, FT-IR and CPMAS 13C NMR techniques), to evaluate the development of the...
The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of the use of three different types of winery-distillery composts as substrate components for thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cultivation on the yield and composition of the essential oils present in this herb. A major component of the composts was exhausted grape marc combined with different quantitie...
The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of different agroindustrial waste composts
on the soil properties and on plant yield and some marketable parameters of two successive horticultural
crops.
The objective of this work was to study the effects of a distillery organic waste compost with respect
to different traditional organic fertilisers on some physico-chemical, chemical and biological
characteristics of a vineyard soil and on the grape yield and quality during a year period.
The main objective of this work was to study the role of pruning biomass obtained from date palm
(Phoenix dactylifera) as an ingredient in several co-composting scenarios. These scenarios were
designed to obtain more fibrous and recalcitrant composts to be used with specific agronomic
purposes, linked to soilless uses and to the recovery of the phy...
In this work, the use of a fresh organic amendment (sewage sludge) was compared to a stabilized
organic material (compost from animal manures) during a wheat-maize cropping sequence with
two main objectives:
To study the effects on the soil physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties and on
the yield of the two crops considered.
To eva...
Vitivinicultural zoning studies are important to delimit a legally protected territory and to control technologically a viticulture area. In wine production, the soil is considered, together with climate, as a key component of Terroir (van Leeuwen et al., 2004) which can influence the wine quality (van Leeuwen and Seguin, 2006). The effect of the s...
The use of poultry manure or goat/sheep manure in the co-composting of the two-phase
olive-mill cake “alperujo” (ALP) with olive leaf (OL) is compared by studying organic-
matter mineralization and humification processes during composting and the characteristics
of the end products. For this, two different piles (P1 and P2) were prepared
using ALP...
The purpose of this work was to study the viability of the composting of goat (Capra
aegagrus hircus) manure (GM) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) manure (RM) and to
evaluate the quality of the compost obtained. For this, a mixture of these manures was
prepared at a goat/rabbit ratio of 44:56 (fresh-weight basis) and 50:50 (dry-weight
basis). The...
The management of biodegradable wastes is increasing, including the use of waste
as a source of energy. Anaerobic digestion involves organic-matter decomposition
under anoxic conditions by a microbial consortium, obtaining a source of renewable
energy (biogas), mainly constituted of a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2, 25–45 percent),
methane (CH4, 55...
The increase of the agroindustrial sector in South America gives the opportunity to
apply the most effective strategies for the disposal and treatment of generated organic
wastes. Therefore, it is important to identify the variability in the composition of
the agroindustrial wastes to carry out their adequate management. The Ecuadorian
province of...
In this study, medlar pruning waste (MPW) was composted with and without cattle
manure (CM). Two piles were prepared: one contained only MPW (pile 1) and one contained
MPW augmented with CM (pile 2). Both piles were composted in an enclosed
composting vessel with passive aeration and aeration by turning. During the composting
process, temperature,...
In South America, a high percentage of urban waste streams are not well managed,
implying associated health and environmental risks. In Ecuador, around 2.7 million
tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are generated annually, with 80 percent located
in urban areas. Correct management and hygienic and ecological issues from these
increased quantities...
The aim of the present paper was to show the possibilities of chemometric tools and of the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, to understand the complexities of the fluorescence emission-excitation matrix (EEM) of water soluble organic matter (WSOM) extracted from sewage sludge samples obtained with different origin and stabilisation procedur...
The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of the use of three different types of winery–distillery composts as substrate components for thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cultivation on the yield and composition of the essential oils present in this herb. A major component of the composts was exhausted grape marc combined with different quantitie...
Esta obra muestra una temática de gran relevancia dentro de la gestión de residuos orgánicos, ya que la industria agroalimentaria es uno de los sectores de actividad económica más importantes dentro del ámbito nacional, europeo e internacional. A nivel mundial, el sector de alimentos y bebidas es uno de los principales contribuyentes
al crecimiento...
This work studies the use of compost from sewage sludge and vine shoot pruning, inoculated at the composting maturity phase with beneficial microorganisms (Trichoderma harzianum T78, Aspergillus niger, Azotobacter vinelandii, L512 Penicilium chrysogenum and RSU231 Bacillus pumilis), to produce five functional composts and a compost without inoculat...
Growing media market is mainly based on natural resources like peat, and others that although derived from natural resources, involve high energy costs in production, including mineral wool perlite, and vermiculite. Thus, this implies the consideration of sustainability issues in any scenario. Recently, there is an increasing search for alternative...
Sewage sludge application to agricultural soils is a common practice in several countries in the European Union. Nevertheless, the application dose constitutes an essential aspect that must be taken into account in order to minimize environmental impacts. In this study, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to estimate in sewage sl...
The disposal of seaweed [Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile] residues represents an environmental and economic problem in the Mediterranean Basin. In this study, two composts (Cp20 and Cp60) were prepared using posidonia residues mixed at different rates [20% or 60% (w/w) on a fresh weight (FW) basis, respectively] with grapevine prunings and vegetable...
A.P. Restrepo, J. Garcia-Garcia, R. Moral, F. Vidal, M.D. Pérez-Murcia, M.A. Bustamante, and C. Paredes. 2013. A comparative cost analysis for using compost derived from anaerobic digestion as a peat substitute in a commercial plant nursery. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(2): 253-264. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of using comp...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of using compost made from anaerobically digested cattle slurries in a commercial nursery. Using a comparative cost analysis, commercial peat substrate growing media has been partially substituted with increasing proportions of compost (25, 50 and 75% v/v of compost). This experiment wa...
This research work was conducted to investigate the possibility of using Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. pruning waste as growing media and raw material for particleboard production. In the growing media experiment, variable factors were the particle size (0.25–4, 2–4, 1–2, and 0.25–1 mm), and in the particleboard experiment, the variables wereg the...
The objective of this work was to study the agronomic effects produced by the application of agro-food composts in vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) in organic farming field conditions. To carry out this objective, yield, nutrient contents and quality of fruit, and different physicochemical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil at the beginn...
Some agricultural and industrial characteristics of different parts of the giant reed (Arundo donax L.) were studied in this work to evaluate their capacity as growing media and for the manufacturing of the insulating board employed in the building sector. Three different particle sizes (>0.25, 1–2, and 2–4 mm) of the stem and rhizome of Arundo don...
This work studies the mineralisation dynamics of different biosolids as organic amendments for calcareous soils, using different scenarios based on soil texture and biosolids characteristics. For this, an incubation controlled experiment was carried out during 240 days, using two calcareous soils with different textures (clay-loam and sandy-loam, r...
The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of spent mushroom substrates on the nitrogen mineralisation dynamics of two soils, with different texture. Related to this aim, an incubation controlled experiment was carried out during 105 days, using two calcareous soils with different textures (clay-loam and sandy-loam, respectively)....
The effects of two different spent mushroom substrates on soil physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties were studied in a plot experiment with a horticultural crop (Lactuca sativa L. var. linus). Two organic treatments were applied: spent mushroom substrate from Agaricus bisporus crop (T1) and a mixture of spent mushroom substrate from...
Three different winery-distillery composts were used as binary components with peat-perlite mix (PP) in growing media for oregano cultivation. These composts were prepared using exhausted grape marc as principal component combined with several co-composting wastes, such as citrus juice waste (C1), tomato soup waste (C2) and cattle manure (C3). Thre...
The effects on different physico-chemical, chemical and biological soil properties of the incorporation of different organic materials into a calcareous vineyard soil were studied in an experiment during three growing seasons. The organic materials used were sheep manure and four composts derived from the treatment of winery and distillery wastes....
The application of organic materials to replenish soil organic matter and improve soil structure and fertility has become a common agronomic practice. This research deals with the effects of soil amendment with winery and distillery waste composts on organic carbon (C) mineralisation in two arable soils. A sandy-loam and clay-loam soil were treated...
Composting is an environmentally friendly alternative for the recycling of organic wastes and its use is increasing in recent years. An exhaustive monitoring of the composting process and of the final compost characteristics is necessary to certify that the values of compost characteristics are within the limits established by the legislation in or...
Physico-chemical, chemical and microbiological parameters were studied in a set of fifteen different composts elaborated with agroindustrial wastes using two different composting systems (turning and static pile composting). To carry out the chemometric evaluation, multivariate statistical analysis techniques, such as hierarchical cluster analysis...
The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the changes of organic matter during the composting process of fresh winery and distillery residues (WDR) by means of classical and chemometric analysis of (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. (13)C NMR spectroscopy displayed a preferent...
The content and chemical forms of P in compost are essential variables for its proper management with an agricultural purpose, especially considering the increasing P over-fertilization in agrosystems. In this study, the estimation of P content and dynamics in different composting scenarios was developed using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy...
Physico-chemical, chemical and biological parameters were studied throughout the composting process of four winery and distillery composts and the data set of compost characteristics was analysed using multivariate techniques: factorial analysis (FA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), in order to classify the different parameters studied and t...
This research work was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in the production of horticultural seedlings replacing part of the peat in the growing media. Three vegetable species with different salt sensitivities, the less sensitive being tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Muchamiel), the modera...
