Colin K. Drummond

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• PhD
• Professor at Case Western Reserve University

Wearable smart devices have become ubiquitous in modern society, extensively researched for their health monitoring capabilities and convenience features. However, the “wearability” of these devices remains a relatively understudied area, particularly in terms of design informed by clinical trials. Wearable devices possess significant potential to...

Wearable smart devices have become ubiquitous in modern society, extensively researched for their health monitoring capabilities and convenience features. However, the "wearability" of these devices remains a relatively understudied area, particularly in terms of design informed by clinical trials. While wearable devices hold significant potential...

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears occur due to the prolonged exposure and overworking of joint stresses, resulting in decreased strength in the flexion and extension of the elbow. Current rehabilitation approaches for UCL tears involve subjective assessments (pain scales) and objective measures such as monitoring joint angles and range of motio...

Wearable biosensors (wearables) enable continual, noninvasive physiologic and behavioral monitoring at home for those with pediatric or congenital heart disease. Wearables allow patients to access their personal data and monitor their health. Despite substantial technologic advances in recent years, issues with hardware design, data analysis, and i...

Background: The increasing interest in remote patient monitoring technologies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires a phased and stepwise investigative approach, which includes high-risk clinical subgroups who stand to benefit most from such innovations. Methods: Patients aged > 40 with spirometry-confirmed COPD pre...

Traditional measures of clinical status and physiology have generally been based in health care settings, episodic, short in duration, and performed at rest. Wearable biosensors provide an opportunity to obtain continuous non-invasive physiologic data from patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the real-world setting, over longer durations...

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the already increasing challenge of establishing immersive, co-curricular activities for engineering students, particularly for biomedical-related activities. In the current work, we outline a strategy for co-curricular learning that leverages a private–public partnership in which methods for capacity-building have...

Background: Despite the high prevalence and serious implications of delirium, identification, tracking, and documentation of the condition remain a challenge for the health care team, impeding management of patients. This survey is the first phase of a qualitative study to build a conversational agent-based tool for screening and managing delirium-...

Background The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care recommends considering use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for insulin-managed diabetes mellitus (DM), but equitable access remains challenging. This study evaluates socioeconomic and demographic metrics associated with CGM use. Methods RStudio 2021.09.1+372 was utili...

Biomedical engineering instructors teach the medical devices design theory and practice following the recommendations derived from the FDA regulations included in 21CFR820 and portraying it as less of a choice but the designer's obligation to uphold laws intended to reduce medical device design risk and protect the general public from defective goo...

Biomedical engineering instructors teach the medical devices design theory and practice following the recommendations derived from the FDA regulations included in 21CFR820 and portraying it as less of a choice but the designer’s obligation to uphold laws intended to reduce medical device design risk and protect the general public from defective goo...

A contemporary issue for many non-profits is identifying effective ways to build capacity for service delivery. Interdisciplinary processes take time to carry out; herein lies a challenge when working with a university in which the lifecycle of student activity is not aligned (much shorter) that of the project for the alternative education program....

This chapter explores the potential of consumer-based devices typically used in monitoring health and fitness (“wearables”) for clinical decision-making in cardiac care as well as in risk management devices for patients at home. Written by a team of medical and engineering experts, the authors provide insight on clinical applications through the le...

Wearable sensors have gained mainstream acceptance for health and fitness monitoring despite the absence of clinically validated analytic models for clinical decision support. Individual sensors measuring, say, EKG signal and heart rate can provide insight on cardiovascular response, but a more complete picture of health and fitness requires a more...

Independent living care for polypharmacy patients can be complicated in those situations with medications that are pro re nata (PRN, “as needed”). Such medication regimen may involve multiple dosing whereby specific drug contraindications might be easily overlooked by hospice and palliative care patients, or by those isolated and not in regular con...

The Bundesliga made headlines for becoming the first major sports league to return to sport worldwide following COVID-19 lockdown. To-date, there lacks retrospective studies on longitudinal injury rates to elucidate the effect isolation measures had on the health and safety of professional athletes. This study sought to compare injury rates experie...

Wearable sensors enable the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of biomechanical, physiological, or biochemical parameters pertinent to the performance of athletes. Sports medicine researchers compile datasets involving a multitude of parameters that can often be time consuming to analyze in order to create value in an expeditious and accurate ma...

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into sharp focus the need to harness and leverage our digital infrastructure for remote patient monitoring. As current viral tests and vaccines are slow to emerge, we see a need for more robust disease detection and monitoring of individual and population health, which could be aided by wearable sensors. While the...

In the Apple Heart Study, 34% of individuals who received a notification of arrhythmia were later found to have atrial fibrillation (AF), and the positive predictive value in participants notified of an irregular pulse was 0.84.1 That study relied on optical sensors in Apple Watch Series 1 through 3 to detect an irregular pulse and a proprietary al...

Background Wearable wrist-monitors offer an unobtrusive way to acquire heart rate data in an efficient manner. Previous work in this field has focused on studying healthy subjects during exercise but has yet to assess the efficacy of these devices in patients suffering from common cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. Objective The objec...

The Virtual Advocate (VirA) is a developing technology (not a trade or brand name) that uses voice-activated smart speakers and smart phones to protect those at risk of domestic violence, sexual assault and sexual harassment. VirA is intended to "hide in plain sight" so that a user can activate a tailored version with their voice without a perpetra...

Athletes are continually seeking new technologies and therapies to gain a competitive edge to maximize their health and performance. Athletes have gravitated toward the use of wearable sensors to monitor their training and recovery. Wearable technologies currently utilized by sports teams monitor both the internal and external workload of athletes....

The convergence of semiconductor technology, physiology, and predictive health analytics from wearable devices has advanced its clinical and translational utility for sports. The detection and subsequent application of metrics pertinent to and indicative of the physical performance, physiological status, biochemical composition, and mental alertnes...

The digital health field has seen a surge in product development over the last decade, with product introductions ranging from wrist monitors, epidermal electronics, electronic pills and smart garments, much of these precipitated through the commercialisation and commoditisation of sensor technology. The emergence of wearable technology has recentl...

Elite-level athletes and professional sports teams are continually searching for opportunities to improve athletic performance and gain a competitive advantage on the field. Advances in technology have provided new avenues to maximize player health and safety. Over the last decade, time?motion analysis systems, such as video recording and computer...

Wearable devices have garnered increased attention over the past years by the sports industry, military, and general public for everyday use. Technological advancements have enabled athletes, sports teams, soldiers, and physicians to track functional movements, workload, biometric and bio-vital markers to maximize performance and safety while minim...

Design of biomedical sensors and probes are limited by failure analysis tools that are unable to prediction product life, partially due to the absence of time-dependant materials property databases. "Design for reliability" lags "test for reliability," thus less than optimal product designs reach the market. Regulatory agencies have identified seve...

Volume 23 focuses on the use of materials in medical and dental applications, examining materials selection, design, and manufacturing in light of the principles of biocompatibility and the chemical and mechanical interactions that affect it. It provides detailed information on chemical and mechanically assisted corrosion, corrosion fatigue, and po...

Boundaries, which are essential for the healthy functioning of individuals and organisations, can become problematic when they limit creative thought and action. In this article, we present a framework for promoting health across boundaries and summarise preliminary insights from experience, conversations and reflection on how the process of bounda...

The AASM has recommended specific sensors in measuring apnea and hypopnea based on published reliability and validity data. As new technology emerges, these guidelines will need revision. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) measures impedance and can be incorporated into a belt to approximate airflow and respiratory effort. We compared respiratory event...

Clinical testing of oxygen-conserving devices is not mandated before marketing. Consequently, little is known about individual or comparative therapeutic effectiveness. To relate oxygen delivery from prototypical instruments to physiological performance. Thirteen subjects with obstructive lung disease performed progressive treadmill exercise while...

The international drive to lead-free electronics has resulted in the potential use of tin as an economical alternative. Tin-based solder products and finishes are a risk in supply-chain due to the threat of component failure due to tin whiskering (filament-like growths associated with tin material stresses). Tin whiskers are related to, identified,...

Real world Microsystems devices are multi-disciplinary, adaptive, and non-linear. Along the critical development path of Microsystems is a conspicuous absence of materials data, including materials compatibility and life models. To advance the state-of-the art in simulation, ASM has completed the first of three phases of a materials database develo...

Whether the need is for materials data selection and comparison, organizational deployment of recommended materials, or simply as an educational resource, database technologies have proven extraordinarily useful in identifying, screening, and selecting materials, processes, and techniques appropriate to MEMS packaging. Further, with the idea that t...

PURPOSE: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied to the nose is the standard treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Unfortunately, a wide variety of CPAP devices with a bewildering array of features is available for prescription. We performed a small clinical trial to gauge subject comfort level with a novel...

For more than three decades, powder coating applications have undergone a remarkable growth due to the ability of powder coatings to provide the so-called 4Es: ecology; excellence of finish; economics; and energy efficiency. The growth of applications of powders for wood is discussed, specifically focusing on medium density fiberboard (MDF) applica...

Partnerships between government agencies are an intellectually attractive method of conducting scientific research; the goal is to establish mutually beneficial participant roles for technology exchange that ultimately pays-off in a stronger R&D program for each partner. Anticipated and current aerospace research budgetary pressures through the 90'...

An object-oriented basis for interdisciplinary compressor simulation can, in principle, overcome several barriers associated with the traditional structured (procedural) development approach. This paper presents the results of a research effort with the objective to explore the repercussions on design, analysis, and implementation of a compressor m...

A FORTRAN computer program for the semi analytic prediction of unsteady thrust augmenting ejector performance has been developed, based on a theoretical analysis for ejectors. That analysis blends classic self-similar turbulent jet descriptions with control-volume mixing region elements. Division of the ejector into an inlet, diffuser, and mixing r...

A prototype gas turbine engine simulation has been developed that offers a generalized framework for the simulation of engines subject to steady-state and transient operating conditions. The prototype is in preliminary form, but it successfully demonstrates the viability of an object-oriented approach for generalized simulation applications. Althou...

A thrust augmenting ejector was tested to provide experimental data to assist in the assessment of theoretical models to predict duct and ejector fluid-dynamic characteristics. Eleven full-scale thrust augmenting ejector tests were conducted in which a rapid increase in the ejector nozzle pressure ratio was effected through a unique bypass/burst-di...

A new method for predicting transient thrust augmenting ejector characteristics is presented. The transient flow model blends a self-similar turbulent jet description, a mixing region control volume representation, and a primary-to-secondary energy exchange approximation. Since pressure is considered the forcing function in the inlet and diffuser,...

New method of analysis of transient flow in thrust-augmenting ejector based on control-volume formulation of governing equations. Considered as potential elements of propulsion subsystems of short-takeoff/vertical-landing airplanes.

New models for thrust augmenting ejector performance prediction and feeder duct dynamic analysis are presented and applied to a proposed Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft configuration. Central to the analysis is the nontraditional treatment of the time-dependent volume integrals in the otherwise conventional control-volume appro...

A pseudospectral numerical method is used for the solution of the Navier-Stokes and mass transport equations for a sphere in a sinusoidally oscillating flow with zero mean velocity. The flow is assumed laminar and axisymmetric about the sphere's polar axis. Oscillating flow results were obtained for Reynolds numbers (based on the amplitude of the f...

A real-time dynamic model of the propulsion system for a Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft was developed for the AD100 simulation environment. The dynamic model was adapted from a FORTRAN based simulation using the dynamic programming capabilities of the AD100 ADSIM simulation language. The dynamic model includes an aerothermal r...

A traditional F110-type turbofan engine model was extended to include a ventral nozzle and two thrust-augmenting ejectors for Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft applications. Development of the real-time F110/STOVL simulation required special attention to the modeling approach to component performance maps, the low pressure turbine ex...

A NEW method for predicting transient thrust augmenting ejector characteristics is presented. The transient flow model blends a self-similar turbulent jet description, a mixing region control volume representation, and a primary-to-secondary energy exchange approximation. Since pressure is considered the forcing function in the inlet and diffuser,...

A semi-empirical control-volume approach to ejector modeling for transient performance prediction is presented. This new approach is motivated by the need for a predictive real-time ejector sub-system simulation for Short Take-Off Verticle Landing (STOVL) integrated flight and propulsion controls design applications. Emphasis is placed on discussio...

Two approaches to modeling turbofan engine component volume dynamics are explored and compared with a view toward application to real-time simulation of short take-off vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft propulsion systems. The first (and most popular) approach considers only heat and mass balances; the second approach includes a momentum balance and...

The United States is in the initial stages of committing to a national program to develop a supersonic short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft. The goal of the propulsion community in this effort is to have the enabling propulsion technologies for this type aircraft in place to permit a low risk decision regarding the initiation of a re...

A method for predicting transient thrust augmenting ejector characteristics is presented. The analysis blends classic self-similar turbulent jet descriptions with a control volume mixing region discretization to solicit transient effects in a new way. Division of the ejector into an inlet, diffuser, and mixing region corresponds with the assumption...

The Buckingham pi theorem is often thought of simply as a tool for the reduction of the number of independent variables required in an experimental study of natural phenomena. Similitude is, therefore, often overlooked during the conceptual phase of engineering design. This article describes two clarifications gained by implementing the Buckingham...

An engineering design study was conducted for the adaptation, assembly and installation of Gleasman Steer Drive (GSD-10) system for the U.S. Marine Corps AAV-7A1 tracked amphibious vehicle. The GSD-10 is an innovative solution to the problem of tracked vehicle steering and is composed primarily of commercially available, off-the-shelf components. A...

Thesis (M.S.)--Syracuse University, 1981.