Clodualdo Jr Aranas

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• BSc, PhD
• Professor (Associate) at University of New Brunswick

Hexagonal boron nitride-reinforced Inconel 718 (h-BN/IN718) composites were fabricated using a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique to treat a nanosheet-micropowder precursor mixture prepared in a mechanical blending process. Tailoring the BN in IN718 enhanced the thermal resistance of the composites, thereby dampening the sharpness of the melt...

In the mechanical activation model of dynamic transformation, the stress applied to the austenite is considered to be the driving force for the transformation. Here the yield stress of the newly formed Widmanstätten ferrite that replaces the austenite and that must continue to be deformed is taken into account as an additional obstacle to the trans...

The dynamic transformation of alpha to beta is shown to take place in titanium at temperatures below the beta transus. The driving force for this transformation is the net softening associated with the formation of the lower flow stress beta phase. The obstacle to the transformation consists of the free energy difference between the phases as well...

Compression tests were carried out on a 0.06wt%C-0.3wt%Mn-0.01wt%Si steel at temperatures high in the austenite phase field. Eight deformation temperatures were selected in the range from 1000 to 1350 °C at 50 °C intervals. The quenched samples were examined using optical microscopy and EBSD techniques. It was observed that dynamic transformation t...

Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides advantages in deposition rate and design complexity compared to conventional fabrication processes. However, despite its advantages, studies on the influence of processing parameters on the microstructural evolution of WAAM components remain limited. To address the gap, this work examines the effects...

High-pressure compressed gases, such as nitrogen (N2) and helium (He), are critical for propelling micron-sized particles onto a substrate during the cold spray (CS) process. The propellant molecular weight and specific heat ratio affect the gas speed of sound, allowing for distinct flow acceleration and injected particle momentum transfer during C...

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized manufacturing by offering geometric flexibility in the creation of complex structures. Industries across various sectors have adopted AM for fabricating components, capitalizing on benefits such as reduced weight and enhanced functionality. In critical applications like defense and aerospace, understan...

A hatching-distance-controlled lattice of 65.1Co28.2Cr5.3Mo is additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion with a couple of periodic and aperiodic arrangements of nodes and struts. Thus, the proposed lattice has an amorphous-inspired structure in the short- and long-range orders. From the structural perspective, an artificial intelligence a...

The Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) technique in metal additive manufacturing (MAM) offers intricate geometries while maintaining material properties akin to cast and wrought components. However, challenges persist in fabricating high-strength aluminum alloys like 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series due to hot cracking during rapid solidification i...

Hot rolling is a critical thermomechanical processing step for nonoriented electrical steel (NOES) to achieve optimal mechanical and magnetic properties. Depending on the silicon and carbon contents, the electrical steel may or may not undergo austenite–ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling, which requires different process controls as th...

This study demonstrates the successful fabrication of a multi-material 18Ni(300) maraging steel – CoCrMo alloy using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), which in its as-built state, displays suboptimal mechanical performance. Addressing this, we propose different heat treatments that mutually enhance the properties of both alloys. Comparative analysis...

Microstructure and texture analysis were conducted employing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated pure Ni. The texture analysis of the hot isostatic pressed (HIP) and as-printed (AP) samples were done utilizing orientation distribution function (ODF) maps. The AP sample comprises mostly of <...

It is known that dynamic transformation can occur in the austenite field above the Ae3 temperature in a rapidly displacive way and after diffusionally under stress. This phenomenon influences industrial thermomechanical processes by changing the expected applied loads during forging or rolling. In this investigation, laboratory-scale physical simul...

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement, along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg3N2 and Si3N4 phases, in the primary matrix of Mg2Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N2 gas during laser powder bed fusion. This is substanti...

This study delves into the interplay between crystallographic texture, microstructure, and mechanical behavior in pulse laser powder bed-fused (LPBF) 316L stainless steel subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. The as-built microstructure exhibits a hierarchical arrangement spanning macro, micro, and nanoscales, showcasing chemical uniformity and mi...

The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technique was utilized to manufacture a hybrid M789-N709 alloy by depositing M789 steel on wrought N709 steel. The tensile strength of the M789-N709 interface generated during the process has been established to be higher than that of the base materials. In the previous work of the current authors, extensive char...

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an advanced technology that has been primarily driven by the demand for production efficiency, minimized energy consumption, and reduced carbon footprints. This process involves layer-by-layer material deposition based on a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model. Compared to traditional manufacturing methods, AM has enable...

The high strength and hardness of maraging steel (MS1) can be functionally integrated with the thermal stability and toughness of Co–30Cr–7Mo alloy (MP1) through multi-material additive manufacturing via laser powder bed fusion. However, appropriate heat treatment is necessary to stabilize the multi-phase interface post-printing and achieve desired...

Material’s tensile strength can be improved by the presence of a body-centered cubic (BCC) phase, which is essential in highstrength applications and highly corrosive environments. Thus, synthesizing a BCC single-phase, equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) feedstock particle using a highenergy mechanical alloying (HE-MA) method was invest...

A novel hybrid alloy, designed for plastic injection dies, was fabricated by depositing M789 steel on wrought N709 steel through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The M789–N709 interface (with a thickness of about 300 μm) is characterized by the variation of titanium content from 0 wt% in the N709 section to about 1 wt% near the M789 region. A thermo...

Herein, the occurrence of a B2‐phase separation and formation of Cr‐rich nano‐precipitates during the solidification process of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high‐entropy alloy is addressed. Toward this end, various advanced characterizations, including high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography combined with thermodynamic...

Magnesium matrix composite is another competitive light metal matrix composite following aluminum matrix composite, with excellent application prospects in the aerospace and automotive fields. In this paper, the Mg - 3Y – xSiCp (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) composites are fabricated by stir casting with ultrasonic vibration followed by extrusion. The micros...

Hot rolling is an indispensable thermomechanical processing step in the manufacturing of electrical steel sheets, which plays a vital role in forming the final microstructure and texture of the steel, hence affecting the final magnetic properties. The strain rate, the amount of strain, and the deformation temperature are important operational param...

The ability to simplify the fabrication of a multi-material component with complex architecture to a single part with sectional variation of properties has attracted research interest in multi-material Additive Manufacturing (AM). For instance, mechanical components that encounter demanding contact conditions such as bearings, cooling channels, and...

An additively manufactured M789 steel was deposited on wrought precipitation-hardening N709 steel to form a hybrid alloy using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. After tensile testing, failure in the as-printed (AP) state was detected in the M789 section with a peak strength of 1019 MPa, consistent with the nanoindentation measurement acro...

The prospect of converting an entire assembly of parts with challenging geometry to a single part with sectional variation of properties has stimulated a growing interest in multi-material Additive Manufacturing (AM). Accordingly, the present work utilized a dual-metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technique to manufacture a multi-material compone...

Additive manufacturing can provide advantages over conventional manufacturing for alloys such as alloy 625, which is expensive and difficult to machine. Laser powder bed fusion is a type of additive manufacturing that provides advantages but introduces complex effects on mechanical properties in produced components. This work examines some of these...

A laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of M789 ally steel has been carried out using an EOS M290 machine. The ideal orientations of M789 alloy were established using an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The analysis through ideal orientation and ODF analysis pointed out that as the heat treatment temperature is increased, the texture bec...

Topography‐Supported Nanoarchitectonics In article number 2206863, Sang Hoon Kim, Hyun‐Do Jung, and co‐workers describe multifunctional orthopedic implants with enhanced mechanical durability and biocompatibility through the integration of 3D printing technology, dopamine‐induced biomineralization, and biomimetic coating. These processes provide a...

Physical simulation is a useful tool for examining the events that occur during the multiple stages of thermomechanical processing, since it requires no industrial equipment. Instead, it involves hot deformation testing in the laboratory, similar to industrial-scale processes, such as controlled hot rolling and forging, but under different conditio...

In this work, fabricated samples of additively manufactured 420 stainless steel (420SS) via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process were analyzed. The microstructural features, grain morphology, crystallographic texture, phase composition, and tensile properties were evaluated for both as-printed and heat-treated conditions. The as-printed condition...

Orthopedic implants should have sufficient strength and promote bone tissue regeneration. However, most conventional implants are optimized for use either under high mechanical load or for active osseointegration. To achieve the dual target of mechanical durability and biocompatibility, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filaments reinforced with intern...

The microstructural and mechanical properties of a newly designed tool steel (L-40), specifically designed to be employed in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique, were examined. Melt pool boundaries with submicron dendritic structures and about 14% retained austenite phase were evident after printing. The grain orientation after high coolin...

Alloy 625 is an important alloy in many industries, including aerospace, providing good mechanical properties in high temperature and corrosive environments. It also retains good properties when additively manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The LPBF process introduces complex heating and cooling cycles in the material used, thereby...

This investigates the austenite transformation in additively manufactured, H13 tool steel, which exhibits a combination of high hardness, toughness, and resistance to high operating temperatures. The alloy was fabricated using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. As-printed and heat-treated specimens in their undeformed and tensile tested...

Thermo-mechanically controlled rolling is a technique used to produce steel strips and plates. One of the steels widely used in the production of heavy plates for application in oil and gas pipelines is API X80. The hot rolling process of this family of steels consists of applying deformation passes at high temperatures, mainly above Ae3, inside th...

The present work deals with the short-time thermal phase-stability of the as-cast eutectic AlCoCrFeNi2.1 high entropy alloy. Toward this end, the effect of different temperatures (800-1000 °C) and soaking times (15-60 min) on the stability of primary dendritic regions and formation of the ordered phases was explored. Microstructural characterizatio...

The application of material constitutive modelling in formative, subtractive and additive manufacturing processes was demonstrated by hot deformation of three alloys: (a) CoCrFeMnNi equiatomic high entropy alloy, (b) nickel-based alloy 625, and (c) 420 stainless steel. Phenomenological-, physical-, and artificial neural network-based constitutive m...

High N-containing austenitic stainless steels have long been used as materials in orthopedic implants. For almost three decades, research has shown that ASTM F-1586 steel is an alternative for orthopedic applications involving severe loads and long implant survival rates in the human body. However, several studies have detected impaired mechanical...

Microstructural and mechanical characterization techniques were utilized to establish the effect of the combined hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and standard H1025 heat treatment schedule on the properties of 17–4PH steel manufactured by means of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The as-printed (AP) sample initially consists of a dual-phase microstructu...

The cold gas dynamic spray process is a manufacturing process strategically designed for coatings. The conditions for the deposition of materials to form coatings have evolved over several decades. Copper and copper-based cold spray coatings are an interesting field for investigation, as it has substantial commercial demand and acceptance. Several...

The CuFe2O4 photocatalysts were synthesized by the solution combustion synthesis method, followed by heat treatment at a temperature range of 400 to 1100 °C. Later, they were characterized for application in the photodegradation of synthetic dyes under visible radiation. The X-ray diffraction results showed the presence of cubic and tetragonal phas...

Industry 4.0 is seeking to advance traditional construction practices towards more efficient and internet of things (IoT)-based construction practices, such as offsite construction. Offsite construction (OSC) allows for the simultaneous fabrication of building modules and onsite work. Integrating IoT technologies in construction practice is project...

The microstructural properties and strengthening mechanisms in precipitation strengthening Corrax stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion have been investigated. The as-printed sample initially contains a fully martensitic microstructure. However, aging heat treatment triggered the formation of austenite laths between the martensiti...

In this work, the Johnson–Cook (JC), Hensel–Spittel (HS), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) constitutive models were applied to predict the flow behavior of H13-modified steel at the temperature range of 1173–1423 K and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1. The results show that the ANN model achieved superior accuracy in predicting flow stress, whil...

In this work, M789 steel was deposited (printed) onto wrought N709 steel by a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process to fabricate a hybrid M789-N709 alloy. The microstructure of the as-printed, new hybrid material consists of melt pool boundaries in the M789 region. Direct aging treatment was then applied, which allowed the annihilation of dislocat...

Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0 to attain a circular economy. The process involves a layer-by-layer deposition of material from a computer-aided-design (CAD) model to form complex shapes. Fast prototyping and waste minimization are the main benefits of employing such a technique. AM technology is presently revoluti...

The plane wave expansion (PWE) and the extended plane wave expansion (EPWE) formulations are derived in order to obtain the complex dispersion relation of flexural waves in a metamaterial Mindlin-Reissner thick plate with multiple periodic resonators. These new formulations are useful to obtain more accurate results at higher frequencies than those...

Microtextural characterization using electron backscatter diffraction analysis was performed on laser powder bed fusion manufactured SS316L (SS316L). The crystallographic textures of as-printed (AP) and hot isostatic pressed (HIP) samples have been determined using orientation distribution function maps. The AP sample consists of mostly <110>||BD a...

This research investigates the Z-Phase solubility product of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) ASTM F-1586 used as orthopedic implants under the solubilization procedure. Precipitate extraction by an electrolytic separation technique and analytical thermodynamic calculations as a function of the solubilization temperature and chemical composition we...

In this research, additively manufacturing a functionally graded material (FGM) with a compositional range of Ni-based Inconel superalloy (Inconel 718) and Fe-based stainless steel (SS 316 L) via directed energy deposition (DED) was examined. The microstructural transformation, defect behavior, and Vickers hardness of the material were each determi...

In this work, the presence of dynamically formed ferrite above the Ae3 temperature during the physical simulation of hot rolling was presented. This unusual metallurgical process is known as dynamic transformation (DT). The metastable ferrite phase undergoes a reverse transformation when the temperature is held above the Ae3 by means of a diffusion...

The unfolding characteristics of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are challenging traditional materials science field with promise for innovative applications, including aerospace and defence. This makes them strong candidates for future applications in the aerospace and defense industries. This research focuses on the hot compressive behavior of equiato...

The microstructural evolution during the aging heat treatment of a newly developed steel (designed to be employed in the laser powder bed fusion), known as M789, was evaluated. The electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis suggests that the as-printed sample contains a fully martensitic phase with random crystallographic texture. The samples...

A dual-metal laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of cobalt-chrome‑molybdenum-based superalloy and maraging steel has been carried out using an EOS M290 machine. The ideal orientations of the dual-metal material were established using an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Three sections were analyzed: a) the cobalt-based alloy area, b) th...

The dispersion relation of elastic Bloch waves in 1-3 piezoelectric phononic structures (PPnSs) with Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) inclusions in a polymeric matrix is reported. Langasite presents promising material properties, for instance good temperature behaviour, high piezoelectric coupling, low acoustic loss and high quality factor. Furthermore, Lan...

In this work, the deformation behavior and thermodynamic aspect of four different steel grades were analyzed. This group of alloys includes a plain C-Mn, and three Nb-microalloyed steels grades. Two of the microalloyed grades are pipeline steel grades: a modified X-70 grade, and a typical X-80 steel. These materials were previously identified to pr...

The Heatvar alloy was specifically designed to address the need for new alloys compatible with the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process that can withstand prolonged exposure to heat in the tool and die industries. For this reason, the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and texture development of the LPBF-produced Heatvar after heat...

In the present research, AISI 420 stainless steel (420SS) samples were fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The microstructure, grain morphology, crystallographic texture, and mechanical properties of the 420SS deposits were evaluated in both as-printed and heat-treated conditions. In the as-printed condition, the melting pool...

The use of thermomechanical control processing during hot rolling has played a significant role in improving the mechanical properties of steels in the past several decades. Accurate control of various metallurgical phenomena such as recrystallization, phase transformation and strain-induced precipitation has been the main target of steel industrie...

It has been well established that austenite can partially transform into ferrite during thermomechanical processing. The laboratory-scale strip and plate rolling simulations in the literature suggest that both forward and backward dynamic transformation (DT) can occur above the equilibrium Ae3 temperature. In this work, a five-pass Steckel mill rol...

Double-hit hot compression tests were carried on medium-carbon low-alloy steels using Gleeble 3800® thermomechanical simulator. The experiments were performed at strain rates of 0.25 and 0.5 s−1 and temperatures of 1150 and 1200 °C with interpass times of 5, 15, and 25 s. The onset of critical stresses for dynamic transformation (DT) for both first...

The driving force for dynamic transformation during double-hit hot compression of an as-cast mediumcarbon low-alloy steel assessed done at 1473 K at strain rates of 0.25 and 0.50 s-1. Dynamically transformed ferrite was detected using the Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) technique. The time interval between deformations affects the retained driv...

The M789 steel was designed by voestalpine group based on Grade 250 maraging steel to maintain good printability and increase the corrosion resistance. In this work, the M789 steel was manufactured by laser powder bed fusion process. The microstructural evolution of additively manufactured M789 steel was studied using optical and electron microscop...

We investigate the complex band structure and forced response of flexural waves propagating in an elastic metamaterial thick plate. Mindlin-Reissner thick plate theory is considered. We study the influence of periodic arrays of spring-mass resonators attached to the surface of a homogeneous thick plate on the formation of Bragg-type and locally res...

We studied the dispersion diagram of a 2D magnetoelectroelastic phononic crystal (MPnC) with Kagomé lattice. The MPnC is composed of BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 circular scatterers embedded in a polymeric matrix. The improved plane wave expansion (IPWE) approach was used to calculate the dispersion diagram (only propagating modes) of the MPnC considering the cl...

The correlation between hardening and softening in an ASTM F-1586 stainless steel used as biomaterial was investigated by means of hot torsion simulations. Multi-pass deformation under continuous cooling was employed to simulate industrial hot rolling. Samples were subjected to 17 deformation passes of strains of 0.20 and 0.30, strain rate of 1.0 s...

In this work, stress relaxation technique was employed to analyze the softening-precipitation interaction in an ASTM F-1586 austenitic stainless steel, an alloy used in orthopedic implants. Hot compression tests were performed at temperature range of 800-1100 • C. Pre-strain of 5.0%, strain rate of 0.1 s −1 , and loading time exposure of 40 min wer...

In this work, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of an additively manufactured 316L stainless steel have been determined. Three types of samples were characterized: (i) as printed (AP), (ii) annealing heat treated (AHT), and (iii) hot isostatic pressed and annealing heat treated (HIP + AHT). Microstructural analysis reveals that...

The occurrence of dynamic transformation of ferrite (DTF) above Ae3 has recently been proven to be an operative mechanism during hot deformation. This work is a preliminary description of the effects of DTF on the thermo-mechanical control processing (TMCP) in hot rolling of steels and a summary TMCP strategies is presented. The occurrence of dynam...

In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of an additively manufactured X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5 maraging steel were determined. Optical and electron microscopies revealed the formation of melt pool boundaries and epitaxial grain growth with cellular dendritic structures after the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The cooling rate is...

A new iron-based alloy, M789 steel, has been recently introduced to the additive manufacturing (AM) industry, designed to be utilized in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The effect of microstructural evolution on the hardness and tensile strength of the alloy was evaluated using optical and electron microscopy techniques. The crystallographic te...

Dynamic transformation (DT) of austenite to ferrite can take place in the single austenite phase field during thermomechanical processing as shown in the literature. However, despite significant progress on this topic, limited real-time evidence of DT has been published. To address this concern, an in-situ X-ray diffraction measurement was carried...

Austenite has been shown to dynamically transform into ferrite during Thermomechanical processing. The driving force is the softening that takes place during deformation, while the energy obstacles consist of the Free energy difference between austenite and ferrite as well as the shear dilatation and shear accommodation work. Phase transformation c...

The application of thermo-mechanical control processing (TMCP) in hot rolling of steels has become a common routine since the last 60 years. The understanding of the physical metallurgy behind TMCP played a major role in the early developments. Physical and numerical simulation works are performed firstly to derive the fundamental metallurgical kno...