Clive R Hollin

University of Leicester | LE · School of Psychology

An Introduction to Human-Animal Relationships is a comprehensive introduction to the field of human-animal interaction from a psychological perspective across a wide range of themes. Hollin examines the topic of the relationships between humans and animals as seen in owning a companion animal alongside more indirect relationships such as our approa...

Effectiveness of Punishment

Text edited by Polaschek, Day and Hollin giving, across 48 chapters, a comprehensive review of psychology in correctional settings (institutions and community).

Purpose In the UK, the mental health treatment requirement (MHTR) order for offenders on probation has been underused. A MHTR service was established to assess the effectiveness of a partnership between a probation service, a link worker charity and an independent mental healthcare provider. Short-term structured cognitive behavioural interventions...

Interpersonal violence is the direct, often face-to-face, actions of an individual, including acts of neglect, which inflict emotional, psychological, and physical harm on other people. These acts of violence may be carried out with premeditation or in the heat of the moment. There are several theoretical models with a psychological emphasis which...

Criminal violence occurs in the same types of setting as other kinds of violence and engages similar perpetrators, victims, and third parties. The motivations of profit, revenge, and the exercise of power over another person are all to be found. The exception is to be found in the comparatively rare act of homicide where, unlike other forms of viol...

This chapter focuses on violent crimes where a sexual element is attached to the violence. The failure to report sexual crimes, it is estimated that only approximately 11% of victims of a serious sexual assault report the crime to the police, has a detrimental effect on the official crime statistics. The chapter discusses sexual offences against ch...

While much is known about interpersonal violence a great deal remains to be understood. The notion of situated transactions taken from criminology, for example, provides an effective means of describing the interactions which precede interpersonal violence. The nature of these transactions could be further elaborated by, say, expounding on the role...

Some types of interpersonal violence, including both verbal and psychological violence, are so pervasive that we have learned to tolerate, even accept, them to such a degree that we are almost habituated to their presence. Thus, some types of violence have in effect become part of our everyday lives. “Everyday” violence, or low-level aggression, ma...

The three categories of interpersonal violence within the family as described by Tolan, Gorman-Smith, and Henry form the basis of this chapter. These three categories are physical violence directed towards children, violence between intimate partners, and the physical abuse of older adults. The physical abuse of children within the family may take...

This study describes the prevalence of traumatic childhood experiences and the extent of trauma-related symptomatology in a group of incarcerated young men within the Young People’s prison estate in England. Semistructured interviews using the Trauma History Interview, the Intrusions and Ruminations Interview, and the Impact of Events Scale–Revised...

This article reports an evaluation of two cognitive skills programs (Enhanced Thinking Skills and Think First) with 801 women offenders serving community sentences in the English and Welsh Probation Service. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the reconviction rates at 1-year follow-up of offenders who completed the program, offenders w...

Abstract: Female firesetters have been somewhat neglected in the research literature, and knowledge and practice is underdeveloped. A survey of the characteristics of firesetters admitted to a secure service for women and their firesetting behavior was undertaken to inform the development of assessment and intervention strategies for this group. Th...

The aim of this article was to compare the characteristics and outcome of homicide and non-homicide mentally disordered patients all of whom had been hospitalised. Seventy-four patients with a homicide conviction were compared with 521 convicted of a non-homicide offense. The former group were older, were more likely to be diagnosed with schizophre...

Female firesetters have been somewhat neglected in the research literature, and knowledge and practice is underdeveloped. A survey of the characteristics of firesetters admitted to a secure service for women and their firesetting behavior was undertaken to inform the development of assessment and intervention strategies for this group. The analysis...

The assessment of sexual killers poses a number of difficulties for forensic practitioners. These difficulties include deciding on a definition to inform the view that a killing is in fact sexual along with managing the complications when the perpetrator denies any sexual element or motive to their offense despite forensic evidence indicating the o...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical literature informing the nature of the relationship between criminal behaviour and both Alexithymia and Asperger’s syndrome (AS). Design/methodology/approach – The relevant literature was identified through database searches and via citations in primary sources. Findings – Alexithymia a...

As with other sexual offenders, sexual homicide perpetrators can be reluctant to talk about their criminal behavior. Therefore, in homicide cases, forensic practitioners frequently rely on crime scene information to identify any sexual behavior associated with the offense. This study aims to identify objective and readily available crime scene info...

Cognitive skills programs, which teach problem-solving skills and perspective taking, have a strong evidence base for their ability to reduce recidivism with convicted populations. This study explored whether the Enhanced Thinking Skills program, delivered over several years to 21,000 male prisoners in England and Wales, reduced reoffending for som...

Cognitive skills programs, which teach problem-solving skills and perspective taking, have a strong evidence base for their ability to reduce recidivism with convicted populations. This study explored whether the Enhanced Thinking Skills program, delivered over several years to 21,000 male prisoners in England and Wales, reduced reoffending for som...

Background Service evaluations of medium secure hospital facilities for women are underrepresented in the extant literature.HypothesisThat positive changes in symptoms, personality traits and service need would be evident between admission and discharge among women in a medium security hospital service.MethodsA pre-test/post-test design was used, w...

This paper describes our view of the important developments in the history of sex offender treatment with a particular emphasis on aspects of this growth in the UK. We begin where, in our view, treatment of sex offenders was first implemented; that is, at the Institute of Psychiatry in London. After the move across the Atlantic, we note the beginni...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of a gender-specific group treatment programme for personality disordered (PD) women in a medium secure psychiatric setting. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 56 consecutive admissions with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder (mostly borderline type) and co-morbidity we...

Forensic psychiatry is the discipline at the heart of the interaction between mental disorder and criminal behavior. Forensic psychiatry is concerned with basic research into the nature of the relationship between mental state and offending and with the practical aspects of the mentally disordered offender's progress through the courts and treatmen...

This overview of forensic psychology and psychiatry first presents a distinction between the two disciplines of psychology and psychiatry. While there is some overlap in terms of subject matter, there is a marked difference in professional training. Taking a historical perspective, the development of the two disciplines is discussed in detail, prov...

Background: Arson and fire-setting are highly prevalent among patients in secure psychiatric settings but there is an absence of valid and reliable assessment instruments and no evidence of a significant approach to intervention. Aims: To develop a semi-structured interview assessment specifically for fire-setting to augment structured assessmen...

Aims and method We examined readmission to psychiatric hospital of 550 patients discharged from one medium secure unit over 20 years. Multiple sources were used to obtain readmission data. Results Readmission was common, particularly to non-secure psychiatric hospitals. At least 339 patients (61.6%) were readmitted to any psychiatric hospital (mea...

The growth in the use of cognitive skills programmes in correctional services can be directly traced to two areas of research. The first, which can be seen in the general context of the expansion of cognitive psychology in the 1980s, is found in a range of studies concerned with the cognitive functioning of offenders. This research highlighted a ra...

Purpose This study aims to explore whether female psychiatric homicide offenders form a distinct group when compared to women who have committed other types of serious violent offences. Design/methodology/approach A range of background and psychological characteristics for 13 homicide and 13 non‐homicide offenders, matched by date of birth, were c...

Outcomes for any mental health service will vary with the characteristics of those admitted as well as with the clinical provision of the service itself. This study aims to explore, for a medium secure forensic service in England, temporal changes in (1) characteristics of those admitted and (2) outcome after discharge and (3) to examine whether su...

Purpose. Enhanced Thinking Skills (ETS) has been the most widely delivered cognitive skills programme in the prisons of England and Wales. Four quasi‐experimental outcome studies have produced mixed results, a qualitative survey of offenders’ and facilitators’ experience on the programme proved useful in programme refinement, and a study using rand...

Aim/Background: Among sex offenders, those with a co-occurring mental disorder requiring psychiatric hospitalization form a small but important subgroup that has received little empirical investigation in the UK. We compared their characteristics on hospital admission and their course after discharge with mentally disordered offenders without a sex...

Background: Engaging patients in treatment in secure settings is a major challenge. Engagement is associated with a shorter length of stay, whereas treatment non-completion is associated with an increased risk of recidivism. Aims: The aims of this study were to assess differences between high and low treatment attendees in a women's medium secur...

Patients who set fires are a perennial cause of concern with psychiatric services although perhaps rather neglected in the clinical research literature. The current study considered the characteristics on admission of 129 patients, 93 men and 36 women, with a known history of arson who had been admitted to a medium secure psychiatric hospital. The...

The strong association between alcohol consumption and violence is undeniable but complex and a large scientific literature has attempted to clarify the relationship between them. This comprehensive text goes farther than any I have seen in illuminating the nature of the link and exploring implications for the treatment and prevention of alcohol-re...

Purpose – Social cognition is a prominent feature of explanations of crime, particularly violent crime. This paper aims to report a study that compared several aspects of the social cognition of convicted violent and non‐violent offenders. Design/methodology/approach – Measures of social cognition were administered to 156 offenders, classified as...

A matched pair design was used to compare women admitted to a medium-secure psychiatric facility from prison and from the mental health service. Findings confirmed a number of hypothesised differences between the two groups: Prison admissions took longer to engage in treatment; had more unmet needs and continued to pose a greater risk of self-injur...

Purpose. This review is concerned with the points of contact between two diverse literatures: first, the association between childhood abuse and the development of violent conduct; second, the effects of involvement in the perpetration of acts of violence. Method. The empirical literature in the two areas of concern is considered along with complem...

Research with both the general public and members of the criminal justice system reports a pervasive rape myth of a violent offender and a physically resistant victim. Despite research being conducted on victims’ postrape behavior, few studies have examined victim behavior during sexual assaults, and many of those which have been conducted have ten...

Despite evidence from a number of long‐term follow‐up studies of anorexia nervosa that nearly 50% of patients eventually make a full recovery, controlled trials of psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa are lacking. Those with severe and enduring problems represent a considerable therapeutic challenge. Thirty‐four consecutive adult referrals to the inp...

Research with both the general public and members of the criminal justice system reports a pervasive rape myth of a violent offender and a physically resistant victim. Despite research being conducted on victims' postrape behavior, few studies have examined victim behavior during sexual assaults, and many of those which have been conducted have ten...

Problem-solving interventions are a feature of overall medium secure treatment programmes. However, despite the relevance of such treatment to personality disorder there are few descriptions of such interventions for women. Beneficial effects for women who completed social problem-solving group treatment were evident on a number of psychometric ass...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the architectural design considerations and effects of moving patients from an adapted Victorian medium secure unit to a purpose built facility. Design/methodology/approach Patients and staff views of the old and new unit environments were compared in terms of homeliness, architectural features, war...

Purpose. Response bias to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck, Eysenck & Barrett, 1985) and the Sociomoral Reasoning Measure (Gibbs & Widaman, 1982) was investigated by examining lay individuals' ability to ‘fake’ offenders' responses to these tests. This method also allowed for the investigation of the way lay individuals conceptualize...

Early writers argued that the ‘emotion’ associated with witnessing a violent crime mitigated against accurate testimony (e.g. Whipple, 1914) and some experimental evidence (e.g. Clifford & Hollin, in press) has supported this contention. Whilst Sussman & Sugarman (1972) failed to find any effect of violence, witnesses here, unlike real life, knew b...

Objectives. This study looked at police and non-police beliefs about offenders. It was hypothesized that police officers would have a more negative attitude than non-police officers towards offenders, and that female offenders would be viewed in a more positive way than male offenders. Police officers were expected to perceive greater differences b...

The need to map women’s secure hospital services in terms of patient population and service needs over time is acknowledged given: the increase in forensic and medium secure beds nationally; and limited gender specific analysis in previous studies. Data is presented relating to 65 consecutive admissions (over a 6-year period) to a women’s medium se...

In an era of evidence-based healthcare practice and outcome-based commissioning, the need to evidence best practice and effective treatment outcome is paramount. This is particularly the case in secure services for women where the need for service improvement and gender-sensitive care has been repeatedly emphasised. The aim of this study was to det...

Accessible summary Progress in treatment for women in medium secure conditions is dependent on reducing patients risk to self and others. A method of managing and reducing risk behaviours is described. In this study risk reduction has been paralleled by increased engagement in treatment activities. The implications for treatment and further researc...

Background: There have been few assessments of women with substance misuse problem in secure psychiatric settings. Aims: The aim is to describe the characteristics and psychometric test performance of women admitted to a medium secure hospital. Method: Consecutive admission was classified into risk-relevant categories using case note data. Response...

This study reports an evaluation of the Drink-Impaired Drivers program in the English and Welsh probation service. Participants were adult male offenders who had been convicted of a drink-driving offence and were serving community sentences. The 1-year drink-drive reconviction rates were compared for offenders who completed the program, offenders w...

Attrition from offender interventions presents methodological problems when the effectiveness of the intervention is under evaluation. This article proposes a treatment-received (TR) design, which incorporates one-to-one matching on criminogenic variables. This design permits the comparison of completer, noncompleter, and nonstarter groups with the...

Women in secure psychiatric settings have gender specific treatment needs. The current study examined the feasibility of a Dealing with Feelings Skills Group training for dual diagnosis women admitted to a medium secure setting. A pre-test--post-test design was used to evaluate a group programme adapted from dialectical behaviour therapy skills tra...

This article reports an evaluation of the Addressing Substance-Related Offending program in the English and Welsh Probation Service. Participants were 319 adult male offenders who had a history of substance use and were serving community sentences. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the reconviction rates of offenders who completed the...

Antisocial personality disorder (APD) and the more severe personality disorder of psychopathy both have particular relevance to forensic populations, but it is only recently that these constructs have begun to be explored in forensic populations who have intellectual disabilities. This paper reviews the emerging theoretical and empirical evidence i...

The objectives of this study was to describe the rate of suicide and other causes of death in first admissions to a (medium) secure forensic psychiatric facility. All 595 patients were followed up for a maximum of 20 years. Death certificates were obtained and Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were calculated. At the June 2003 census, 57 patient...

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The association between anger and criminal, particularly violent, behaviour is firmly established in the literature. However, most of the extant research has been conducted with clinical and legally sanctioned forensic populations. The present study sought to examine anger in a non forensic population using a self-report measure of delinquency. The...

Purpose . This paper considers the criminogenic needs of women offenders, raising the question of whether there may be women‐specific criminogenic needs. Arguments . The risk‐needs model of offending has become increasingly influential in both research and practice. Simply, the risk–needs model holds that some aspects of an individual's functioning...

Purpose. This study considers the relationships between moral reasoning, perceptions of parenting, attribution of intent, and self-reported delinquency among young male offenders and non-offenders. Methods. A sample of 97 convicted male young offenders and 77 male non-offenders were assessed using the Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form, the E...

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) in predicting reconviction in a sample of male prisoners. Method. The PICTS was administered to 174 incarcerated male offenders at the point of their release from prison. Reconviction data were collected at a 2‐year f...

Purpose. This study considers the use of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) within an English prison population. Method. The reliability and validity of the PICTS scales were investigated, and scores compared with data from an American prison population. Results. The results suggested that the PICTS was functioning in a...

Objectives. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) with a sample of imprisoned English young offenders. Method. The reliability and validity of the PICTS scales were investigated, and changes in scores on the PICTS scales over a 6‐month period were analysed. Results. The fi...