Clemens Jauch

Clemens Jauch
Flensburg University of Applied Sciences · Wind Energy Technology Institute

PhD

About

76
Publications
29,290
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Introduction
Clemens Jauch currently works at the Wind Energy Technology Institute, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences. Clemens does research in Electrical Engineering, Grid Integration and Control Engineering of Wind Turbines. His current projects are 'Control Power and System Inertia from Wind Turbines', 'Controllable Flywheel in a Wind Turbine Rotor' and 'Atmospheric Irrigation with Wind Turbines'.

Publications

Publications (76)
Article
Full-text available
Due to the energy transition, the future electric power system will face further challenges that affect the functionality of the electricity grid and therefore the security of supply. For this reason, this article examines the future frequency stabilisation in a 100% renewable electric power system. A focus is set on the provision of inertia and fr...
Preprint
Due to the energy transition, the future electric power system will face further challenges that affect the functionality of the electricity grid and therefore the security of supply. For this reason, this article examines the future frequency stabilisation in a 100 % renewable electric power system. A focus is set on the provision of inertia and f...
Article
Full-text available
A novel variable inertia flywheel that uses the mass of a rotating hydraulic fluid is proposed in this paper. In contrast to variable inertia flywheels that use solid masses, this flywheel stands out for its simplicity. In contrast to many other common energy storages, it does not require any environmentally harmful, rare or expensive materials. Th...
Technical Report
Full-text available
Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Ressourceneffizienz in der Windenergie“ verfolgt das Institut für Windenergietechnik (WETI) an der Hochschule Flensburg in Kooperation mit AEROVIDE GmbH und HYDAC Technology GmbH das Ziel, ein System zu entwickeln, um hauptsächlich die mechanischen Lasten auf Windenergieanlagen (WEA) zu verringern. Somit werden Mat...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents a comparison of two methods to represent variable blade inertia in two codes for aero-servo-elastic simulations of wind turbines: the nonlinear aeroelastic multi-body model HAWC2 and the nonlinear geometrically exact beam model BeamDyn for OpenFAST. The main goal is to enable these tools to simulate the dynamic behavior of a win...
Data
Full-text available
This paper presents a comparison of two methods to represent variable blade inertia in two codes for aero-servo-elastic simulations of wind turbines: the nonlinear aeroelastic multi-body model HAWC2 and the nonlinear geometrically exact beam model BeamDyn for OpenFAST. The main goal is to enable these tools to simulate the dynamic behavior of a win...
Data
BeamDyn simulation results of validation Cases 1, 2 and 3
Data
HAWC2 simulation results of the Cases 1, 2 and 3.
Data
HAWC2 simulation results of DLC 2.3 for the NREL 5-MW reference wind turbine
Chapter
These days, in many grids around the world power system stability relies on the functionalities of modern wind turbines.
Data
Description The presented grid frequency data is part of research activities at the Wind Energy Technology Instiute (WETI) at the Flensburg University of Applied Sciences. The measurement campaign is conducted in Flensburg, Germany. Hence, the grid frequency of the synchronous area of Continental Europe is tracked. A Dewetron 2010 measurement syste...
Article
Full-text available
The utilization of renewable energy resources significantly increases in order to reduce the impact of climate change. Wind turbines are one of the most important renewable energy sources and have an important role to play in power generation. They do, however, have to serve the increasingly variable demands of the grid. Some of these demands canno...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, atmospheric irrigation with wind turbines is proposed. This technology addresses the problem of water scarcity by enhancing the natural water circuit in the atmosphere with wind turbines. There are three different operating modes conceivable for this technology. In two of these the wind turbines interact with the ground in their near...
Article
Full-text available
Power system inertia is an essential part for grid frequency stability and decreases due to the replacement of fossil fuel fired power plants with variable renewable energy sources. This development is not represented sufficiently in unit commitment and economic dispatch models. If considered at all, only synchronous inertia from fossil fuel driven...
Article
Full-text available
In many electrical grids, the share of renewable energy generation increases. As these generators are typically connected to the grid via inverters, the level of grid inertia decreases. Such grids may therefore suffer from high rates of change of frequency during power imbalances. Modern wind turbines can help in controlling the frequency in such g...
Article
Full-text available
In order to investigate the grid integration of wind turbines (WT) of various scales and designs, a wind turbine emulator (WTE) is being built in Flensburg within the state-funded project GrinSH. The special feature of this WTE is the use of a large gas engine instead of an electric motor to emulate the behavior of a WT. In order to develop the con...
Article
Full-text available
Wind power penetration increases in most grids and the sizes of wind turbines increase. This leads to increasingly tough requirements, which are imposed on wind turbines, both from the grid as well as from economics. Some of these partially contradictory requirements can only be satisfied with additional control mechanisms in the wind turbines. In...
Article
Full-text available
The work presented in this paper aims to show how modern wind turbines can help to control the frequency in a small grid which suffers from large power imbalances. It is shown for an exemplary situation, which occurred in Flensburg’s distribution grid in 2019: a major blackout, which occurred after almost two hours in islanding operation, affecting...
Article
Full-text available
Power system inertia is an essential part of grid frequency control. The number of synchronously connected machines, which inherently provide inertia, is decreasing due to the transition to renewable energies. Conventional generation units are being replaced by renewable generation units which are connected to the grid via frequency converters. Som...
Technical Report
Full-text available
This report describes the results of a research project conducted by the Wind Energy Technology Institute of Flensburg University of Applied Sciences in cooperation with HYDAC Technology GmbH. This project was financially supported by the Gesellschaft für Energie und Klimaschutz Schleswig-Holstein GmbH (EKSH). The project aimed to develop a lightwe...
Article
Full-text available
n this paper, the design of a flexible piston accumulator for application in a hydraulic-pneumatic flywheel system in a wind turbine rotor is presented. The flywheel system enables a wind turbine to vary the inertia of its rotor blades to control the power output and, most importantly, to influence the vibratory behaviour of wind turbine components...
Technical Report
Full-text available
This report presents a simulation model of a wind turbine that contains all details needed in the process of designing control algorithms. The goal of the model is to facilitate quick simulations; hence, all unnecessary details are omitted. Consequently, the model contains the 1st eigenmodes of the most prominent wind turbine components only. The l...
Article
Full-text available
Power system inertia is a vital part of power system stability. The inertia response within the first seconds after a power imbalance reduces the velocity of which the grid frequency changes. At present, large shares of power system inertia are provided by synchronously rotating masses of conventional power plants. A minor part of power system iner...
Article
Full-text available
Find the related research article here: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061697 This article was written for a popular scientific journal hence it is written in German. It describes the sequence of events, which lead to a blackout in the city of Flensburg and surrounding municipalities. Furthermore, it outlines future research at our institute: it is...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents findings of a study on continuous feed-in management and continuous synthetic inertia contribution with wind turbines. A realistic case study, based on real measurements, is outlined. A wind turbine feeds into a weak feeder, such that its power has to be adapted to the permissible loading of this feeder. At the same time the win...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A state-funded research project, GrinSH, launched at Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, aims to set up a test facility to enable the exploration of new gas engines and of wind turbines (WTs) connected to the electrical grid. The intention of the project is to build a test bench, with which grid connected WTs of different sizes can be emulate...
Preprint
This paper presents findings of a study on continuous feed-in management and continuous synthetic inertia contribution with wind turbines. A realistic case study, based on real measurements, is outlined. A wind turbine feeds into a weak feeder, such that its power has to be adapted to the permissible loading of this feeder. At the same time the win...
Article
Full-text available
Knowledge about laminar–turbulent transition on operating multi megawatt wind turbine (WT) blades needs sophisticated equipment like hot films or microphone arrays. Contrarily, thermographic pictures can easily be taken from the ground, and temperature differences indicate different states of the boundary layer. Accuracy, however, is still an open...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, the impact on the mechanical loads of a wind turbine due to a previously proposed hydraulic‐pneumatic flywheel system is analysed. Load simulations are performed for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5‐MW wind turbine using fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbulence (FAST). It is discussed why FAST is applied alt...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The energy system transformation in many countries calls for a higher contribution of renewable energy sources in terms of ancillary services. One service which gains in significance, is the provision of synthetic inertia. When it comes to the provision of synthetic inertia, grid frequency measurement is a crucial part. Based on the grid frequency...
Preprint
Full-text available
Knowledge about laminar-turbulent transition on operating multi-megawatt wind turbine blades needs sophisticated equipment like hot-films or microphone arrays. Contrarily thermographic pictures can easily be taken from the ground and temperature differences indicate different states of the boundary layer. The accuracy however, still is an open ques...
Article
Full-text available
In future power systems with little system inertia, grid operators will require the provision of synthetic inertia (SI) from renewable energy sources. Unlike today, grid operators may require continuous provision of SI. This can lead to an unwanted disconnection of wind turbine generators (WTGs) from the grid, and has the potential to cause a signi...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Power system inertia is a fundamental part of grid frequency control. Present power markets do not take account of a sufficiently high amount of power system inertia. In this paper an extension for the conventional economical dispatch is presented, which can be applied once the power system falls of a certain level of power system inertia. Non-iner...
Article
Full-text available
In this article, a methodology is presented for the design of a hydraulic-pneumatic flywheel integrated in a wind turbine rotor. The flywheel enables wind turbines to contribute to power system inertia and it can be used for mitigating loads on the wind turbine. The methodology is applied to the geometry of an existing blade design of a 5-MW wind t...
Technical Report
Full-text available
This report describes the results of a research project conducted by the Wind Energy Technology Institute of Flensburg University of Applied Sciences in cooperation with the wind turbine manufacturer Suzlon Energy. The project aimed to design an inertial response controller for a variable speed wind turbine, which fulfils future requirements that w...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Grid operators worldwide increase the requirements for wind turbines to support power systems. These requirements include the provision of ancillary services which may cause harmful excitations of wind turbine components. The dynamic behavior determines the ability of a wind turbine to cope with these excitations. A comprehensive measurement system...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In future power systems with little system inertia grid operators will require the provision of synthetic inertia (SI) from renewable energy sources. Unlike today, grid operators may require the provision of SI continuously. This can lead to an unwanted wind turbine generators (WTGs) disconnection from the grid, and has the potential to cause a sig...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
An increasing number of grid operators demand wind turbines to support grid frequency stability by the provision of synthetic inertia. The emulation of an inertial response by wind turbines affects the aerodynamic power and thus the energy yield. This work quantifies the impact on the energy yield as well as estimating the influence on the profit....
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents a study to assess how wind turbines could increase their energy yield when their grid connection point is not strong enough for the rated power. It is state of the art that in such situations grid operators impose feed-in management on the affected wind turbines, i.e., the maximum power is limited. For this study a 5 MW wind tur...
Technical Report
Full-text available
This report presents a simulation model of a wind turbine that contains all details needed in the process of designing control algorithms. The goal of the model is to facilitate quick simulations; hence, all unnecessary details are omitted. Consequently the model contains the first eigenmodes of the most prominent wind turbine components only. The...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Feed-in management is a mechanism with which grid operators can limit power, which is fed into heavily loaded grids, to constant values. Feed-in management operation is a burden for wind turbines as it heavily impacts on their dynamic performance. In the future feed-in management might become even more demanding for wind turbines as continuously ch...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
System operators increasingly require the provision of synthetic inertia by wind turbines. This paper seeks to quantify the number of operating hours in which a wind turbine is exposed to different rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). This is important when assessing the additional loads on a wind turbine, by emulating the inertia behavior of a sy...
Article
Full-text available
In alternating current (AC) power systems the power generated by power plants has to match the power drawn by consumers plus the system losses at any time. In the case of an imbalance between generation and consumption the frequency in the system deviates from its rated value. In order to avoid an unsuitable frequency, control power plants have to...
Article
Full-text available
In this article, the control strategy for a previously proposed flywheel system that is integrated in a wind turbine rotor is presented. This control strategy allows the flywheel system to serve two purposes: support of the frequency in the grid and mechanical load mitigation in the wind turbine. For the first purpose, extra energy is fed into the...
Technical Report
Full-text available
This project aimed to model the dynamic behaviour of an Enercon E30 wind turbine in order to design a controller which enables a faster control of the power of the turbine during congestion management. Congestion management has been in the past, and will be in the foreseeable future, a major cause for energy yield losses for wind turbines in Schles...
Article
Full-text available
In this study a flywheel (FW) system, which is integrated in the rotor of a wind turbine (WT), is proposed. It is made of hydraulic–pneumatic piston accumulators and its primary purpose is to provide the power system with inertia. Power system inertia is an essential premise for primary frequency control. The equations describing the system are pre...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Wind turbines participating in primary frequency control is one of the most important technological issues in order to maintain power system stability in the future. As presented in previous work of the authors, wind turbines are able to stabilise the grid frequency by controlling the inertia of their rotor. In this paper the proposed hydraulic-pne...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, a flywheel energy storage that is an integral part of a wind turbine rotor is proposed. The rotor blades of a wind turbine are equipped with internal weights, which increase the inertia of the rotor. The inertia of this flywheel can be controlled by varying the position of the weights, i.e. by positioning them closer to the center of...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Due to the transition from conventional power plants to renewable energy generators, wind turbines need to fulfill power system stabilizing requirements. Consequently these requirements are introduced, and their implications for the mechanical design of wind turbines are discussed.
Article
In this article a pitch angle sensor is described that can be installed in a wind turbine as add-on sensor, e.g., for research purposes. One of the most important features of this sensor is that it does neither interfere with the sensory system nor with the control system of the wind turbine. Since it does not contain any electric or electronic com...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The increasing share of renewable energies in power systems has led to a growing need for ways in which wind turbines can contribute to the control of the grid frequency. In this paper a system is proposed which enables wind turbines to contribute to the controllability and the stability of the grid frequency. The method proposed here allows wind t...
Article
In this article a wind model is presented that allows simulation of realistic wind speeds over the area of a wind farm. The primary propose of this model is power system simulations, where fast simulation speed is crucial, and where it is undesirable to use different tools to run a simulation. The proposed wind model combines the too simple wind mo...
Article
The design of a PID pitch angle controller for a fixed speed active-stall wind turbine, using the root locus method is described in this paper. The purpose of this controller is to enable an active-stall wind turbine to perform power system stabilisation. For the purpose of controller design, the transfer function of the wind turbine is derived fro...
Article
In this article, a controller for dynamic and transient control of a variable speed wind turbine with a full-scale converter-connected high-speed synchronous generator is presented. First, the phenomenon of drive train oscillations in wind turbines with full-scale converter-connected generators is discussed. Based on this discussion, a controller i...
Article
In this paper the effect of wind power on the transient fault behavior of the Nordic power system is investigated. The Nordic power system is the interconnected power system of the countries Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. For the purpose of these investigations the wind turbines installed and connected in eastern Denmark are taken as study ca...
Article
In this article the design of a fuzzy logic pitch angle controller for a fixed speed, active-stall wind turbine, which is used for power system stabilization, is presented. The system to be controlled, which is the wind turbine and the power system to which the turbine is connected, is described. The advantages of fuzzy logic control when applied t...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper it is investigated how active-stall wind turbines can contribute to the stabilisation of the power system to which they are connected. The particular case considered here is the damping of grid frequency oscillations in the wake of transient short circuit faults in the grid. It is discussed how active-stall turbines can contribute to...
Article
The Ph.D. project ‘Stability and Control of Wind Farms in Power Systems’ deals with some selected problems related to wind power in power systems. With increasing wind power penetration, wind turbines substitute the power production of conventional power plants. Therefore, wind turbines also have to take over the power system stabilisation and cont...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this paper the method for deriving a reduced order transfer function from the step response of an active-stall wind turbine is presented. The system of which the step response is yielded is described. The nonlinearities in the system are identified, and it is described how these nonlinearities have to be taken into account, when applying a step...
Article
Power production from wind turbines has increased considerably during the last decade. Therefore today's wind turbines, which are typically set up in wind farms, have a significant influence on the operation of power systems. The efficient and secure operation of power systems is supported by grid codes, which are sets of requirements for all netwo...
Article
This paper describes a pitch angle controller that enables an active-stall wind turbine to dampen actively grid frequency oscillations. This builds on previous work in the area of the transient stability control of active-stall turbines. The phenomenon of grid frequency oscillations is explained briefly and then the task for the wind turbine contro...
Article
This article describes a methodology to quantify the influence of dynamic stall on transient fault operations of active-stall turbines. The model of the dynamic stall effect is introduced briefly. The behaviour of the dynamic stall model during a transient fault operation is described mathematically, and from this its effect quantified. Two quantit...
Article
As wind turbine technology and control has advanced over the last decade, this has led to a high penetration of wind turbines into the power system. Whether it be for a large wind turbine or an offshore wind farm with hundreds of MW power capacity, the electrical system has become more and more important in controlling the interaction between the m...
Article
This paper describes the simulation model of a controller that enables an active-stall wind turbine to ride through transient faults. The simulated wind turbine is connected to a simple model of a power system. Certain fault scenarios are specified and the turbine shall be able to sustain operation in case of such faults. The design of the controll...
Article
This paper describes an active-stall wind turbine controller. The objective is to develop a general model of an active stall controller in order to simulate the operation of grid connected active stall wind turbines. The active stall turbine concept and its control strategies are presented and evaluated by simulations. The presented controller is d...

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