Claudio RabeBaker Hughes Incorporated · Department of Geoscience
Claudio Rabe
Doctor of Philosophy
Global Techno-Commercial Manager, Drilling and Completion Fluids, Baker Hughes
About
49
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Introduction
Experienced geomechanics engineer with 15 years of international expertise across exploration, development, production, deepwaters and unconventional reservoirs of oil and gas projects. Expertise in soil and rock laboratory characterization, pore pressure prediction, rock-shale interaction evaluation, sanding prediction analysis, hydraulic fracturing, wellbore stability, fault sealing analysis, shale oil and gas reservoirs, and naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs characterization and coupling geomechanics with fluid flow models.
Publications
Publications (49)
This paper describes the study of dissolution and mineralogical alteration caused by saline carbonated water injection (CWI) and its effects on the petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability) of limestone samples from the Mupe Member, composed of lacustrine microbialites from the Upper Jurassic, part of the Purbeck Group lower portion. The...
Drilling through zones with high pore pressure, weak and reactive shales layers and with high tectonic stresses represent
a drilling issue for oil and gas companies due to narrow mud window, high number of well sections and consequently high
required number of casings, potential high wellbore collapse, stuck pipes, total fluid losses and high rate...
Shale ‘stability’ has been extensively studied the past few decades in an attempt to understand wellbore instability problems encountered while drilling. Drilling through shale is almost inevitable, it makes up 75 percent of sedimentary rocks. Shale tends to be characterized as having high in-situ stresses, fissile, laminated, with low permeability...
Reliable estimates of porosity can be obtained from different types of geophysical well logs. However, obtaining in situ permeability estimates is still a major challenge in the geosciences. This work aims to evaluate the application of data mining techniques to NMR logs for rock permeability classification, thus far tested only on laboratory data....
In this work, we characterized mineralogical, petrographic and petrophysically the Mupe Member from the Purbeck Group lower portion, located in southern England and northern France. These rocks mainly consist of limestones and can be considered as a partial analogue rock of the Brazilian pre-salt carbonate reservoirs. The laboratory tests campaign...
Currently, shallow and light-oil reservoirs can be difficult to find out in Mexico. For this reason, oil and gas operators are exploring and developing complex, risky and therefore costly reservoirs such as unconventional plays of oil and gas shale. This is the case of the Pimienta Formation, located in the southern portion of the Burgos basin in M...
Within New Zealand, the East Coast Basin represents the primary
shale oil and gas play in which the Whangai Formation is widespread.
This formation is oil and gas prone and prevalent
throughout a large area of the East Coast Basin and is typically
composed of the Upper Calcareous, Porangahau, and Rakauroa
Members.
The primary goal of this study was...
This paper describes the test protocols and procedures of RCX Straddle Packer Microfrac for the estimation of formation Breakdown, fracture propagation and fracture closure pressure at different levels in Vaca Muerta formation. As a result, the horizontal stress field can be estimated, which in turns allows to infer if the fracture scheme and produ...
The Amazon Fan provides a natural laboratory to study the generation of overpressure, due to rapid late Cenozoic burial that has resulted in gravitational collapse above shale detachments. Here we examine collapse systems for the first time using the techniques of petroleum systems analysis. We propose an integrated methodology based on numerical m...
Venezuela’s largest heavy-oil deposits are found primarily in the Faja del Orinoco Belt. These deposits exhibit a low production rate under the cold flow method. The objective of this study is to model the impact of steam injection on the fluid dynamics, geomechanics, and seismic attributes for the Faja del Orinoco steam-assisted gravity drainage p...
Understanding a naturally fractured rock network is a challenge. Understanding granitic and volcanic petrophysics is another challenge. Consequently, a fractured reservoir in a basement rocks is a double challenge. The Guanaco Field is located in the Neuquén province, West Argentina. Its "wet or dry" gas production comes from basement rocks. Fractu...
The Chicontepec Formation is a complex and heterogeneous calcitric-lithic sandstone reservoir with significant historical problems of borehole collapse. To predict and mitigate the subsurface issues, it is essential to characterize the formation rock strength. This paper presents two new correlations for predicting the unconfined compressive streng...
This work compare different methodologies in order to select the best sweet spot for hydraulic fracturing and stimulation. After analyzing the results, a hydraulic fracture design, zonation selection and perforation modeling were performed. The geomechanical model indicated a strike slip fault regime with high pore pressure (using Undercompaction),...
In this study, a wellbore stability model was built of the pre-salt area using analytical correlations to obtain an optimum mud window. The operational window assists in optimizing the fluid weight to be used while drilling and is defined by a lower limit (pore or collapse pressure) and an upper limit (fracture gradient). To build a geomechanical m...
Analysis of drilling dynamics and performance data from 26-in. hole sections of Brazilian post-salt formations of pre-salt wells suggest correlation between increase of peak lateral vibrations and start and development of bit wear process. Lateral acceleration data were compared with drilling performance (penetration rate) and worn-bit. The results...
Currently, shallow and light-oil reservoirs can be difficult to find, and operators are exploring and developing complex, risky, and therefore costly reservoirs. These factors are turning operators to look for opportunities in unconventional resources, like shale oil and shale gas around the world. The Whangai Formation, located in the East Coast B...
Oriented perforations have been traditionally used to minimize tortuosity in vertical wells by shooting at maximum horizontal stress (SH) direction in conventional reservoirs and some cases in unconventional reservoirs (Chang et al., 2015). In order to perform oriented perforations, it is necessary to know the directions and magnitude of in situ st...
Drilling highly deviated and horizontal wells is a common practice in Kuwait. While previously all wells in the study fields in Kuwait were cased and perforated during the planning stage for increasing production, the question raised is about the feasibility of a horizontal open hole during the reservoir lifetime and the associated challenges with...
![Figure 1-Area of study [7].](profile/Claudio-Rabe/publication/330313834/figure/fig1/AS:713854145269761@1547207499560/Area-of-study-7_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 2-Samples used in uniaxial compressive test [8].](profile/Claudio-Rabe/publication/330313834/figure/fig2/AS:713854145277952@1547207499581/Samples-used-in-uniaxial-compressive-test-8_Q320.jpg)
Drilling through the Guayabal shales, a gray calcareous shale, and the C1 to C100 formations, a well cemented calcareous-sandstone in Corralillo Field, Mexico, has been challenging due to severe wellbore instability problems. Additionally, there has been a history of ineffective reservoir stimulations by hydraulic fracturing. In order to predict an...
Reservatórios de gás e óleo não convencionais representam o maior potencial de crescimento das reservas no mundo e, desde o início deste novo milênio, vêm impactando positivamente a matriz energética americana. A produção de gás
de folhelho (conhecida como shale gas) tem tido um crescimento de 45% a.a. entre 2005 e 2010, quando atingiu 141bilhões d...
This study investigates whether thermally induced changes from steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations in a heavy oil sandstone reservoir are observable using seismic methods. Thermally induced changes can include stress changes, changes in characteristics arising from shear heating of heavy oils, and changes in fluid saturation and densi...
![Fig. 2-A typical ANN structure [6]. The input from each processing...](profile/Claudio-Rabe/publication/289653688/figure/fig2/AS:684514963636225@1540212493278/A-typical-ANN-structure-6-The-input-from-each-processing-element-PE-in-the-previous_Q320.jpg)
This paper demonstrates the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to capture nonlinear interaction between various rock mechanics parameters to build a 3D geomechanical model of an oil field in Mexico. Laboratory data and empirical correlations based on borehole acoustic and gamma ray logs have been used to classify different lithologies and to...
This paper presents a developed methodology integrating geomechanics, reservoir engineering and completion design to optimize the hydraulic fracture in horizontal wells in the Soledad Field, Chicontepec Basin. The impact of geomechanics model, fracture design as well as the fluid flow due to oil production was analyzed. Prediction of forecast oil p...
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is one of the technologies selected to economically increase the recovery factor from the very large accumulations of heavy oil found in the Orinoco Belt, Venezuela. This paper presents a geomechanical laboratory and field campaign to obtain the rock properties, estimate the in-situ stresses, and to evaluate t...
This paper presents a characterization of shale pore space, in which samples originated from Brazil and Colombia were tested in a lab. The results show that shales are silty and present a low porosity and small percentage of expansible and reactive clay minerals. A differential intrusion indicated that the studies shales are constituded mainly by m...
Resumo Subcompactação e baixos gradientes geotérmicos são características de ambientes de água profunda. Tais características são responsáveis pela geração de espessas camadas de folhelhos cuja composição é rica em argilomineral esmectita. Tais rochas representam a maior fonte dos problemas de estabilidade encontrados durante a perfuração de poços...
Resumo O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as mudanças nas propriedades físico-químicas de amostras de folhelhos quando imersos em soluções inorgânicas. Um equipamento de imersão foi desenvolvido no qual os fragmentos de rocha são colocados em contato com os fluidos, enquanto sondas medem as propriedades eletroquímicas do fluido de ime...
Resumo Este artigo apresenta a caracterização petrográfica de folhelhos oriundos dos campos de Albacora, Marlim e Marlim Sul (Bacia de Campos, Brasil). O programa de caracterização incluiu a análise de lâminas delgadas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de dispersão de energia (EDS). Os ensaios foram realizados com o objeti...
Resumo Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma campanha de ensaios laboratoriais para obter a atividade química de folhelhos e do fluido dos poros originados de bacias sedimentares terrestres e marítimas. Os resultados das atividades químicas dos folhelhos estudados variaram de 0,754 a 0,923 e para os fluidos dos poros entre 0,940 a 0,987. Os...
This paper present a study of changes in physic-chemical properties of preserved shale samples when immersed in organic salt solutions. The changes in the immersion fluid are also discussed. An offshore Brazilian shale was used throughout the study. the lab tests were conducted with three kinds of formate brimes. The obtained results indicated that...
Este trabajo presenta un estudio detallado respecto a la conducta mecánica de una arcilla blanda y un suelo residual sometidos a una serie de ensayos edométricos para distintos escalones de carga con temperaturas controladas que van desde 20 a 70ºC.
Sistemas de control y de distribución termal han sido desarrollados especialmente por asegurar una t...
Problemas de instabilidade são encontrados durante a perfuração através de folhelhos, onde, tais problemas são o maior fator responsável pelo aumento de custos que ocorrem durante a perfuração de poços de óleo e gás. Tais problemas são creditados, em geral, à interação entre os fluidos de perfuração e as referidas rochas. Para um maior entendimento...
Este artigo apresenta um estudo das variações nas propriedades físico-químicas de amostras preservadas de folhelhos quando imersas em sais orgânicos. As mudanças nas propriedades dos fluidos também são apresentadas. Um folhelho brasileiro de origem offshore foi utilizado para a realização da campanha experimental. Os ensaios laboratoriais foram rea...
A instabilidade de poços pode causar sérios problemas durante as operações de perfuração e completação, levando a incidentes que aumentam o tempo de perfuração e os custos de perfuração. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais severos em formações de folhelhos, que são mais suscetíveis devido a mecanismos adicionais de instabilidade que surgem quando os...
Este trabajo presenta un estudo detallado respect a la conducta mecánica de uma arcilla blanda y un suelo residual sometidos a una serie de ensayos edométricos para distintos escalones de carga con temperaturas controladas que van desde 20 a 70oC. Sistemas de Control y de distribuición termal han sido desarrolados especialmente por asegurar una tem...
Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação experimental sobre o comportamento geomecânico de um solo argiloso mole em solo residual, submetido a variações de temperatura.
The present work has as objective the study of the behavior of preserved shale samples when immersed in aqueous solutions. The obtained results show that the solutions presented high variations of pH, salinity and electric conductivity, what indicates ionic migration of salts from the rock to the fluid, and small variations of Redox potential. Chem...
The present work has as objective the study of the behavior of preserved shalesamples when immersed in aqueous solutions. The obtained results show that thesolutions presented high variations of pH, salinity and electric conductivity, whatindicates ionic migration of salts from the rock to the fluid, and small variations ofRedox potential. Chemical...
This paper describes an integrated methodology to characterize shales from an engineering point of view. Shale samples from offshore Brazil were used throughout the study. The proposed methodology includes laboratory tests designed to characterize the rock individual constituents, i.e., solid particles and pore fluid, and to describe the rock micro...
Grande parte dos problemas de instabilidade de poços de petróleo ocorre quando rochas argilosas, como folhelhos, são perfurados. Tais problemas são creditados, em geral, à interação entre os fluidos de perfuração e as referidas rochas. Para um maior entendimento dos fenômenos de interação entre a rocha e o fluido de perfuração é necessário, primeir...
O objetivo deste estudo é a caracterização dos espaços porosos (porosimetria) de folhelhos, através da técnica de injeção de mercúrio. O artigo descreve as bases da técnica de injeção de mercúrio, a preparação de amostras e os procedimentos de ensaios. A distribuição do tamanho dos poros indicou que os folhelhos ensaiados são constituídos principal...
Este trabalho apresenta os principais resultados de um estudo detalhado sobre as características geotécnicas de dois depósitos de argila mole, localizados na rodovia BR-101 em Santa Catarina. O estudo foi realizado com base em uma série de ensaios de campo (palheta, dilatômetro e piezocone) e de laboratório (caracterização, adensamento e compressão...
Desde 1978, quando foi introduzida no Brasil a nova norma de vento - NBR 6123, o projeto de estruturas treliçadas sujeitas à ação do vento tornou-se assunto mais delicado face as dificuldades de interpretação encontradas pelos engenheiros sobre o texto normativo. Essas dificuldades agravaram-se ainda mais quando o assunto se tratava do dimebnsionam...
A construção civil é um setor de grande importância em nosso país. Isso é devido a sua expressive participação no PIB (Segundo o Anuário estatístico do IBGE-1990, o setor de construção civil responde por 6,9% do PIB e por 6,5% da população economicamente ativa, além de ser um setor que é bem sensível ás oscilações da economia interna do país) e na...
This paper presents a study of the changes in physico-chemical properties of preserved shale samples when immersed in organic salt solutions. The changes in the immersion fluid are also discussed. An offshore Brazilian shale was used throughout the study. The laboratory tests were conducted with three kinds of formate brines. The obtained results i...
Projects
Projects (3)
The project aims to improve the viewing and subsequent characterization of carbonate reservoirs in stratigraphic section below evaporites of the Santos Basin through the use of new seismic attributes and inversion studies. It will be used in this research tools under development in the hydrocarbon industry and academia and, for now, not tested in the Brazilian continental margin. The project also aims to create a workflow to evaluate the efficiency of a new seismic inversion process for generating attributes that will optimize the interpretation and determination of the reservoir geometry and also the calculation of petrophysical properties of the Brazilian pre-salt in Santos Basin.
Objectives of my project:
The dataset investigated for this study is collected by the author, such as: cores from the outcrops of eight known measured sections along the East Coast basin and also from a public domain, which includes 2D seismic, wells and rock sample analysis with the overall goal to identify and understand where the sweet spots* of the Waipawa and Whangai geological formations are.
The main objective of the study is:
1. To characterize the Whangai and Waipawa geological formations vertically and horizontally in order to identify where the most likely hydrocarbons prospective “sweet spots” are in the basin;
2. To define the prospective areas of each shale gas formation in order to calculate more accurately the volumetric and economics relating to these unconventional targets;
3. To derive the size and location of exploration blocks that the government should release in future block offer bidding rounds in order to maximise exploration efficiency and returns to NZ.
The significance of this project:
This project aims to identify the location of sweet spots (best prospective areas) in the East Coast Basin, by applying a multi-disciplinary approach. The five key questions this study intends to answer are:
1- Is there a Whangai/Waiapawa sweet spot in East Coast Basin?
When we talk about unconventional resources, we have to bear in mind, that the exploration scale is different when comparing to conventional resources. We assume that the target rock exits all over the basin, which is different than a conventional trapping prospect. The source rock which forms this concept has to have three main characteristics; easy brittleness, good rock quality and well understood geomechanical properties. At the time we identify where all this characteristics are together, we have identified the sweet spots.
2- Can these formations be produced?
Once identified where the sweet spots are, we have to make sure that we can produce hydrocarbons from it. Using a known methodology of rock analysis we can potentially forecast if we believe these rocks would or would not produce hydrocarbons.
3- What is the best analogue of Whangai and Waipawa formation worldwide?
New Zeland is in the infancy of this subject, therefore we have to identify worldwide where we could find an analogue. Using a methodology known as PCA (principle component analysis) we can establish a good analogue for these two geological formations (Whangai and Waiapawa).
4- How do we calculate the minimum economic volume to be exploited from the ground?
This is a key industry question. In order to answer that, we shall bring some worldwide analogues to help us understand the volumes calculations, drainage areas and recovery factors. Thus, with the area, thickness, rock characteristics and analogue of this unconventional rock we should be able to calculate the volumetric and economics of these formations.
5- What size Do the exploration blocks need to be, to be offered in the future Bid Rounds?
Calculating the volumetric and economics, we should be able to come up with the size and location of exploration blocks that the government should release in future block offer bidding rounds.
The end result of this work is to create a sweet spot play fairway that are favourable for drilling as well as the identification of the minimum economic volumes in order to come up with the size and location of exploration blocks that the government should release in future block offer bidding rounds.
