Claudio Airoldi

• Professor
• State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.06.003. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.

Hybrid mesoporous silica SBA-15, with surface incorporated cross-linked long hydrophobic organic bridges was synthesized using stepwise synthesis. The synthesized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-rays diffraction, thermogravimetry and scanning...

Hybrid mesoporous silica SBA-15, with surface incorporated cross-linked long hydrophobic organic bridges was synthesized using stepwise synthesis. The synthesized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-rays diffraction, thermogravimetry and scanning...

The adsorption of Violet Remazol 5R (VR 5) on wood sawdust modified with succinic anhydride (SSA) as a function of contact time, pH, and initial dye concentrations was investigated using a batch technique under ambient conditions. The SSA obtained was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and 13C NMR, and degrees of substitution (DS) were...

Aluminum doped mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-rays diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The modified mesoporous silicas [Al]SBA-15 and [2Al]SBA-15 showed high sorption capacities of remazol yellow dye (RY) of ab...

Sodium magadiite anchored with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane was synthesized through direct functionalization. After this reaction, it was observed a decrease in crystallinity, with a slight increase in basal distance to 1.57 nm, when compared to the precursor value of 1.53 nm. This organofunctionalization was evidenced through infrared spectros...

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized and functionalized with bridged polysilsesquioxane monomers obtained by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane with glycidyl methacrylate in 2:1 ratio. The synthesized mesoporous silica materials were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,...

Fil: Arce, Valeria Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquimicas Teoricas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argent...

The abundant biopolymer chitin, found mainly in crustaceous exoskeleton, such as crab, shrimp and lobster, can be deacetylated to yield chitosan. This slightly different biopolymer is more reactive than chitin, being more effective for many applications in fields as environmental remediation, biomedical sciences, catalysis and so on. The main proce...

The biodegradable biopolymer chitosan had its linear structure chemically modified in a two-step reaction, first by exploring the amino reactivity with glycidylmethacrylate, whose intermediate product, containing an aldehyde group, was then reacted with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Chitosan and the synthesized biopolymers were characterized by elemental anal...

Crystalline cellulose chemically modified through a reaction with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in an acidic or basic condition yielded Cel-P4 and Cel-P10. These phosphated solids were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at th...

Mesoporous silica SBA-16, synthesized and organofunctionalized with 3-iodopropyltrimethoxysilane, diethyl iminodiacetate and benzidine, through post-synthesis methodology, was applied as a drug delivery system. Amoxicillin was chosen due to its action as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. The well-cha...

A lamellar inorganic-organic talc-like magnesium phyllosilicate has been synthesized through a single step sol-gel route under mild conditions, using a newly synthesized [3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)thiopropanamide] silylating agent, obtained from acrylamine and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Elemental analysis data based on the sulfur atom showe...

Novel nanostructured 2 : 1 hybrid cobalt and nickel phyllosilicates containing attached diethyl iminodiacetate moieties within the interlamellar spaces were synthesized using a mild non-hydrothermal sol-gel methodology. The organofunctionalization of these hybrids was achieved using silylating agents formed by the reaction of 3-chloropropyltriethox...

Chitosan was chemically modified with 4-acryloylmorpholine in order to enhance Lewis basic centres in polymeric chain for cations removal. The new material was characterized using elemental analysis, infrared and 13C NMR in solid state and was applied for sorption of copper, lead and cadmium from aqueous solutions. The kinetic parameters were evalu...

Crystalline lamellar calcium phosphate retained p-aminobenzoic acid inside its cavity without leaching. The adsorption isotherms from ethanol gave the maximum adsorption capacities of 6.44, 3.34 and 1.62 mmol g(-1) for nickel, cobalt and zinc, respectively. The energetic effects caused by metallic cation interactions were determined through calorim...

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is usually present in water courses, lakes, and seas and acts as a photosensitizer in the photo-oxidation of a range of contaminants. However, little is known about the interaction of this compound with aromatics sorbed on silica sediments or on suspended silica particles. This article describes the modification and characte...

Natural lignocellulosic fiber epicarp extracted from the babassu coconut (Orbignya speciosa) was chemically modified through reaction with molten maleic anhydride without solvent, with incorporation of 189.34 mg g -1 of carboxylic acid groups into the biopolymer structure. The success of this reaction was also confirmed by the presence of carboxyli...

Chitosan was chemically modified through a sequence of four reactions with immobilized 2-aminomethylpyridine at the final stage, after prior protection of amino group with benzaldehyde. The characterized biopolymers containing free amino and hydroxyl active centers on the biopolymeric structure and pyridinic nitrogen on pendant chains showed combin...

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) of the general formula [RSiO3/2] are nanosized cage structured compounds. POSS has a growing number of applications in medicine, electronics and aerospace. In this work we synthesized new POSS with pendant organic chains containing nitrogen. Hydrolytic condensation of the respective trimethoxysilane rout...

Cellulose, a biopolymer seemingly inert, was chlorinated initially by reaction with thionyl chloride and then after it becomes more reactive, reacted with 2-aminomethylpyridine molecule for increasing its capacity of removal of divalent cations from an aqueous medium. These materials were characterized by means of elemental analysis, 13C NMR, and F...

Mesoporous inorganic-organic hybrids with mono- or bifunctional pendant chains anchored onto the silica backbones were investigated for reactive dye removal. The organofunctionalized silicas obtained from silylating agents contain the functional groups: 3-aminopropyl, octadecyldimethyl(silylpropyl)ammonium and 3-mercaptopropyl. The pendant electrop...

Maleic and phthalic anhydrides were chemically incorporated onto the banana pseudostem biopolymeric structure through reaction without solvent at the fusion temperatures of the reagents. The new biomaterials showed unequivocal success for these proposed reactions and demonstrated abilities to remove cations from aqueous solutions. Phthalic anhydrid...

The hydrated layered alkaline silicate ilerite synthesized by a hydrothermal methodology was characterized by various techniques that confirmed a good structural quality of the resulted material. In an attempting to investigate the characteristics of water boundary layers in this hydrated powder sorbent, 1H NMR spectroscopy method was performed to...

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxans (POSS), with the general formula [RSiO3/2], are nanoscale compounds. POSS has a growing number of applications in the areas of aerospace, electronics and medicine.1 In this work new cubic POSS with organic pendants chains such as 3-glycidoxypropyl, phenyl and 3-propylmethacrylate were sensitized. To obtain bette...

Mesoporous SBA-15 samples were organofunctionalized with mono, di- and tri-aminosilanes that previously reacted with thiocarbamide to enhance the organic chains and attach nitrogen and sulfur basic centers to the surface of the solids. These new organosilanes were synthesized through a non-solvent approach to reduce both cost and hazardous wastes....

Cellulose was first modified with thionyl chloride, followed by reaction with 2-aminomethylpyridine to yield 6-(2'-aminomethylpyridine)-6-deoxycellulose. The resulting chemically-immobilized surface was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, C-13 NMR and thermogravimetry. From 0.28% of nitrogen incorporated in the polysaccharide backbone, the a...

The aim of this investigation is to study the sorption of basic dye methylene blue from aqueous solution with different chemically modified mesoporous silica SBA-15. Samples were prepared only with pure silicate composition and also containing aluminium in different concentrations. Resultant materials were characterized by different techniques, suc...

A new silylating agent N-((3-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylthio)propanamido)methyl)acrylamide synthesized from the reaction of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane yielded layered inorganic–organic talc-like magnesium phyllosilicate through the sol–gel process. Elemental analysis data based on sulfur demonstrated incorporatio...

Mesoporous carbon replicas CMK-3 and CMK-n were organofunctionalized with maleic anhydride by a new and simple methodology. These materials have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies, thermogravimetry, small-angle X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption and transmissio...

Mesoporous SBA-16 silicas were synthesized through a direct methodology using the template (F127) combined with co-templates (ethanol and n-butanol), with tetraethylorthosilicate as the silica source. These ordered mesoporous silica were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for 13C (CP/M...

In this study, the adsorption isotherm of copper (II) on a calcium phosphate host intercalated with 4-aminobenzoic acid in an ethanol solution was investigated. This gave a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.74 mmol g-1. The material was incorporated into a carbon-paste electrode, and its electrochemical properties were investigated. However, for a d...

The biopolymer chitosan was chemically modified in two sequences of reactions: (i) immobilization of methyl acrylate followed by cysteamine and (ii) the sequence of immobilization reactions involving ethylene sulfide, methyl acrylate and finally cysteamine. In both cases the pendant chains have attached nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur basic centers. Th...

Hydrothermal syntheses of large porous SBA-16-like mesostructures were obtained, considering the effect of several secondary structure directing agents (P123, NaCl, CTMABr and butanol), on the gels containing F127 in acidic solution, with TEOS as the only silica source. These new synthesized materials have their texture and structure clearly affect...

Synthesized inorganic layered magadiite containing structurally incorporated titanium and aluminum was obtained through hydrothermal procedures. The effects associated with reaction time and amount of metal used in the crystallization process yielded mostly pure and crystalline samples with 1.0% of aluminum after 36 h at 423 K. Amounts up to 4.0 an...

The microcalorimetric method was used to calculate the metabolic enthalpy change per mol of glucose degraded by soil microorganisms, ΔH met. This parameter has been calculated by microcalorimetry for many organic, inorganic and biochemical reactions, but there is only some information about its quantification for microbial growth reactions in soils...

The knowledge of photochemical kinetics in colloidal systems is important in understanding environmental photochemistry on dispersed solid surfaces. As model materials for the chemically sorbed organic compounds present in natural environments, modified silica nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained here by condensation of the silanol groups of fumed sil...

Magnesium phyllosilicates with organic groups anchored onto the inorganic polymeric backbones as mono-or bifunctional entities were investigated for dye removal from aqueous solution. The synthetic methodology consisted in obtaining organofunctionalized nanostructured materials from silylating agents of general formula R 1 –Si(OCH 3) 3 , in which R...

Heavy metal sorbents with uptake capacities for divalent cadmium and lead cation removal from aqueous solutions have been synthesized by grafting mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane onto the surface of two different precursors obtained from lamellar ilerite, its acidic and the cetyltrimethylammonium exchanged forms. The organofunctionalization was carri...

In this work Chitosan (Ch) was chemically modified with ethylenesulfide (Es) under solvent-free conditions to give (ChEs), displaying a high content of thiol groups due to opening of the three member cyclic reagent. ChEs was used in studies of lead and cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution, using the batchwise method and calorimetric studies wer...

A microcalorimetric method was applied to study microbial soil activity of ornamental flower (Dahlia pinnata) plantations when irrigated with potable water and wastewaters. The samples were irrigated with potable water PW sample (reference) and treated wastewaters from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Station of Asa Norte in Brasilia City (Brazil). T...

The natural biopolymer cellulose was first modified with thionyl chloride, followed by reaction with 1,4-diaminebutane to yield 6-(4′-aminobutylamino)-6-deoxycellulose. From 1.85% of nitrogen incorporated in the polysaccharide backbone, the amount of 0.66 ± 0.11 mmol of this molecule was anchored per gram of the chemically modified cellulose. The r...

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors because of concerns about the validity of results reported in this article and other publications in Elsevier journals by the same authors, namely: Journal...

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors because of concerns about the validity of results reported in this article and other publications in Elsevier journals by the same authors, namely: Journal...

The biopolymer chitosan was chemically modified with dithiocarbamate, characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (13)C NMR and TG, and applied for lead, copper and cadmium removal. Based on sulfur elemental analysis an amount of 2.66 mmol g(-1) of pendant chain was incorporated in the original biopolymer, as also demonstrated through the appearance o...

A synthetic route to a biopolymer/anhydride ion exchanger adds cellulose directly to molten succinic anhydride in a quasi solvent-free procedure. An amount of 3.07 ± 0.05 mmol of pendant groups incorporated onto the polymeric structure, which was characterized by elemental analysis, solid state carbon NMR, infrared, X-ray and thermogravimetry. The...

Babassu coconut (Orbignya speciosa) epicarp (BCE) was used as biomass to remove textile dyes from aqueous solution. Physical characteristics of the BCE were investigated using infrared spectroscopy (IR), point of zero charge (pHpzc), surface area, pore volume and diameter. A batch system was applied to study the sorption of Blue Remazol R160 (BR 16...

Modified silica nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained by esterification of the silanol groups of fumed silica nanoparticles with 4-hydroxymethyl-N,N-dimethylbenzenamine. These particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission...

A atividade enzimática é uma propriedade importante para avaliação da qualidade do solo. Duas sequências de experimentos foram realizadas com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade enzimática em amostras de solo (Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico típico), tratadas com esterco bovino, húmus de minhoca ou lodos de esgoto dos municípios de Barueri e Franca....

Imogolite is an important paracrystalline hydrous aluminosilicate with a unique nanofiber structure. The synthetic imogolite sample was used for organofunctionalization process with 2-mercaptothiazoline and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. Due to the increment of basic centers attached to the pendant chains, the metal adsorption capability of the final che...

The biopolymer chitosan was chemically modified in a two step reaction with glycidylmethacrylate and diethylenetriamine. The first step leads to the opening of the three-member epoxide ring of glycidylmethacrylate, leaving a double a bond for further reaction. This product reacted with diethylenetriamine through the free glycidylmethacrylate double...

The barium phenylarsonate compound, Ba(HO3AsC6H5)2·2H2O, has the ability to intercalate n-alkyldiamine molecules, H2N(CH2)nNH2 (n=2–5). The amount intercalated (nf) from a batchwise procedure and the variation of the original basal distance (d) of 1245ppm determined through X-ray diffractions, gave linear correlations as a function of the number of...

A new material containing a potential ligand for transition metals was prepared through the reaction of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and thioglycolic acid. The new adsorbent was characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and s...

The adducts Zn(mu)2X2 (X = Cl, Br), M(mu)X, (M = Cd, Hg and X = Cl, Br) have been characterized. The CO and NH stretching frequencies indicate that methylurea (mu) is bound to metals through oxygen. Enthalpies of dissolution of the adducts in ethanol or methanol have been measured calorimetrically. Combination with the enthalpies of solution of met...

The objective of this study is to examine the adsorption behavior of Sumifix Brilliant Orange 3R textile dye from aqueous solution on smectite sample, an abundant Amazon clay. The original smectite clay mineral has been collected from Amazon region, Brazil. The compound 2-aminomethylpyridine was anchored onto smectite surface by heterogeneous route...

Al-kanemite was synthesized by using inorganic salts as a source for silicon and aluminum in the hydrothermal synthesis of the material. The resulting solid was used as hosts for functionalization of polar n-alkylamine molecules of the general formula H3C(CH2)n−NH2 (n=1 to 5) in aqueous solution. The compound was calorimetrically titrated with amin...

The mesocarp and epicarp components of the babassu palm tree were applied as novel alternative biosorbents for copper phtalocyanine textile dye removal from aqueous solutions. The natural biopolymers were characterized by elemental analyses, solid state 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffractometry. Results dem...

A new silylating agent 2-mercaptoethyl-3-(triethoxysilyl)propylcarbamothioate was synthesized from the reaction of 1,2-ethanedithiol and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylisocyanate. This precursor silylating agent and magnesium nitrate, using sol–gel conditions, yielded a layered organoclay with a talc-like magnesium phyllosilicate structure. Based on sulfu...

The synthetic imogolite sample was used for organofunctionalization process with 2-mercaptothiazoline (MTZ). The compound 2-mercaptothiazoline was anchored onto imogolite surface by heterogeneous route. Due to the increment of basic centers attached to the pendant chains the dye adsorption capability of the final chelating material, was found to be...

Inorganic-organic cobalt phyllosilicate hybrids were synthesized by the sol-gel procedure under mild non-hydrothermal conditions with a silicon precursor, formed through individual reactions between the silane 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and the aminoalcohols ethanol- or diethanolamine. These procedures generated talc-like phyllosilicates cont...

The octosilicate Na-RUB-18 has the ability to exchange its original sodium with cetyltrimethylammonium cations. This procedure leads to interlayer space expansion, with the aim of obtaining inorganic-organic nanostructured hybrids by chemical modification reactions. The silylating agent 3-trimethoxysilylpropylurea was attached to the inorganic laye...

A phthalylated ion-exchange biopolymer was obtained by adding cellulose to molten phthalic anhydride in a quasi solvent-free procedure. Through this route 2.99+/-0.07 mmolg(-1) of pendant groups containing ester and carboxylic acid moieties were incorporated into the polymeric structure that was characterized by elemental analysis, solid-state carb...

Hectorite (H) clay sample from the Amazon region, Brazil, has been modified with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) using homogeneous and heterogeneous routes. The natural and modified materials were characterized through elemental analyses, nuclear magnetic nuclei of carbon-13 and silicon-29, and SEM. The well-defined peaks obtained in the 13C NMR spec...

Functionalized silica nanoparticles (NP) were obtained by esterification of the silanol groups of fumed silica nanoparticles with benzyl alcohol. These particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, (13)C and (29)Si NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, total organic carbon, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, UV-visible spectr...

The compound N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (MPDET) was anchored onto Amazon kaolinite surface (KLT) by heterogeneous route. The modified and natural kaolinite clay samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), N(2) adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis,...

The present investigation explores the chemical modification of natural dry babassu coconut (Orbignya speciosa) mesocarp (BM), using a quasi solvent-free procedure in which the precursor was added to molten succinic (S), maleic (M) or phthalic (P) anhydrides, to give new products named BMS, BMM and BMP (babassu coconut mesocarp modified with succin...

The original smectite clay mineral has been collected from Amazon region, Brazil. The compound 2-aminomethylpyridine (AMP) was anchored onto Amazon smectite surface by heterogeneous route. The natural (SMC) and modified (SMCAMP) smectite samples were characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction...

The contamination of aquatic environments by toxic metals such as radionuclides is of great concern because of the tendency of those metals to accumulate in the vital organs of humans and animals, causing severe health problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of natural and modified magadiite clay as an adsorbent to remove T...

The compound N1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine was anchored onto Amazon kaolinite surface by heterogeneous route. The modified and natural kaolinite samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopic, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic nuclei of 29Si and 13C. The well-defined peaks obta...

Synthesized nanostructured hybrids from RUB-18 layered silicate, containing one (N) or three (3N) basic nitrogen atoms attached to pendant chains were applied for copper, nickel and cobalt sorptions. The isotherms obtained from batchwise processes were adjusted to the Freundlich and the Langmuir–Freundlich models for heterogeneous systems. The basi...

A new aluminium-incorporated layered inorganic–organic hybrid material (Al-GPTS-TU) has been successfully synthesized by using sol–gel based precursor under mild temperature condition and silylaing agent (GPTS-TU) derived from the reaction of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) and thiourea (TU). The hybrid material was characterized by using...

A synthetic route to a biopolymer/anhydride ion exchanger adds cellulose directly to molten succinic anhydride in a quasi solvent-free procedure. An amount of 3.07 ± 0.05 mmol of pendant groups incorporated onto the polymeric structure, which was characterized by elemental analysis, solid state carbon NMR, infrared, X-ray and thermogravimetry. The...

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of a GO–hmta compound (GO – graphite oxide; hmta – hexamethylenetetramine) are presented. It is shown that the presence of hmta molecules inside the GO matrix, with very strong interactions, stabilize the GO matrix from a thermal point of view. Such a fact could be used to explore possible applicati...

Crystalline layered sodium RUB-18 of the general formula Na2Si8O17·nH2O was organofunctionalized after prior cetyltrimethylammonium ion intercalation. The intermediate cetyltrimethylammonium-exchanged RUB-18 (CTA-RUB-18) was used with three different types of silane coupling reagents: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N), N-3-trimethoxysilylpropylethyl...

A natural smectite sample has been modified by organofunctionalization process using synthetic route involved the reaction of 2-mercaptopyrimidine with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane. The resulting material (SMPY) was characterized by SEM, FTIR, textural analysis and 29Si MAS-NMR. The ability of this material to removed As (V) from aqueous solution...

The original sepiolite clay mineral has been collected from Amazon region, Brazil. The compound 2-aminomethylpyridine (AMP) was anchored onto Amazon sepiolite surface by heterogeneous route. The natural (SPT) and modified (SPT(AMP)) sepiolite samples were characterized by elemental analysis, SEM, N(2) adsorption, and nuclear magnetic nuclei of (29)...

An attapulgite (ATPG) clay sample has been chemically modified with silylating agents N-propyldiethylenetrimethoxysilane and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide. The resulting matrices (ATPG3TPT and ATPGNPTM) have been characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffractometry, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid-state, and scanning...

The present study reports the feasibility of two synthetic crystalline lamellar nano-silicates, sodic magadiite (Na-mag) and its converted acidic form (H-mag), as alternative adsorbents for the removal of the dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The ability of these adsorbents for removing the dye was explored through the batch adsorptio...