Clare Hocking

Auckland University of Technology | AUT · Discipline of Occupational Therapy

Purpose To uncover the factors that influence inter-rater agreement when extracting stroke interventions from patient records and linking them to the relevant categories in the Extended International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for Stroke. Method Using 10 patient files, two linkers independently extracted interven...

The World Federation of Occupational Therapists’ (WFOT) adoption of the Position Statement, Occupational Therapy and Human Rights (2006) was a global milestone for the profession. The revised 2019 Position Statement marks the next milestone towards becoming a socially and ethically responsive profession; playing a vital role to advance human rights...

The Aotearoa New Zealand health and disability system is currently in a period of reformation, with research placed as a crucial pillar in these reforms. A retrospective critical review of two research projects conducted by the first author and supervised by the second was undertaken to critique how research practice connects with ethical responsib...

Background.: Models provide a structure for organizing knowledge and facilitating learning and are upheld by occupational therapy as epitomizing the cornerstones of its practice. Purpose.: This article briefly examines the scientific history of occupation-based model development in the 1950s before addressing the process of conceptual model maki...

Occupational justice is typically framed as an aspect of social justice, a philosophical perspective that has traditionally emphasised treating people with respect and equitable distribution of societal resources. Contemporary views emphasise acknowledging difference and what people have the capability to do and be, rather than what they receive. T...

This international research collaborative undertook what became a decade long process to look at meanings of celebratory food related occupations of elder women across three cultures in New Zealand, Thailand and the United States. Cross-cultural research comes with inherent ethical issues related to cultural lenses, use of instruments and potential...

This study explored how immigrants locate themselves in a new culture through analyzing 25 Korean immigrants' everyday activities in New Zealand. The findings suggest that they opted to either behave in Korean ways or to take up behaviors reflective of the receiving society, based on their level of control over activities disrupted by immigration....

Purpose: This study aim was to evaluate whether the Extended International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for Stroke captured the interventions of a community stroke rehabilitation team situated in a large city in New Zealand. It was proposed that the results would identify the contribution of each discipline, and the...

INTRODUCTION: The quality of Asian immigrants’ lives is significant to the harmony of New Zealand society where, at the 2013 Census, 11.8% of its residents identified as Asian. However, settlement can be stressful for new Asian immigrants because moving to a country with a different culture can disrupt most of their familiar routines, and it is str...

This paper introducxes a new section in the Journal of Occupational Science; Teaching Occupation. It outlines the Editorial Board’s intent in fostering discussion and debate about why and how occupational science is taught, and identifies questions that researchers and scholars might address in this section of the journal. Six commentaries from gue...

Competency documents are a regulatory tool used by the Occupational Therapy Board of New Zealand to ensure occupational therapists are trained appropriately and are safe to practice. This analysis traces a history of economic, legal and scientific forces in the first three versions of the competency documents. Over time, the forces that encouraged...

Many ideas about participation in rehabilitation literature focus inwards towards individuals, or individuals and their family, acting in but apart from their environment. Authors position individuals as “participating in” occupations or social settings, or point towards the outcomes for those who do or do not participate. This perspective arguably...

The development and content of an occupational therapy intervention promoting emotional well-being, for children with subclinical anxiety, is described. Development and trialing followed a four-step process: (1) reviewing theory, (2) reviewing evidence, (3) incorporating expert opinion, and (4) trialing. The intervention consists of eight group ses...

For Asian immigrants, immigration has the potential to disrupt all familiar routines. That is a threat to their health and well-being. This grounded theory study explored how immigrants adjust to a new environment by analysing the experiences of 25 Korean immigrants in New Zealand. The findings suggest that immigration is a stress inducing phenomen...

For Korean immigrants, settling in New Zealand is challenging and stress-inducing. There is growing concern that feelings of alienation and loss seem to be key features in their lives. Taking the symbolic interactionism perspective that people interpret a situation through social interaction, the purpose of this study was to explore how Korean immi...

Growing use of cluster randomized control trials (RCTs) in health care research requires careful attention to study designs, with implications for the development of an evidence base for practice. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics, quality, and reporting of cluster RCTs evaluating occupational therapy interventions t...

Objective: To develop, deliver, and evaluate dementia-specific training designed to inform service delivery by enhancing the knowledge of community-based service providers. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used an interdisciplinary, interuniversity team approach to develop and deliver dementia-specific training. Participants included...

Occupational therapists’ need for greater knowledge of occupation is described from two perspectives: as it was understood at the time the profession was established and as it is defined in the present day. Occupational science responds to that need. This new field of investigation is defined, and understandings about occupation that are shared by...

The World Federation of Occupational Therapists Position Statement on Human Rights frames the contribution that occupational therapists make to society in terms of promoting participation and inclusion for all people. Reaching beyond accepted practice, where bodily concerns are often the focus, this commentary draws on accounts of practice shared i...

Introduction: Anxiety and mood disorders in childhood and adolescence are common and early intervention is recommended. Identifying interventions that target mental health promotion and reduce the lifetime impact of mental health issues are an important focus internationally. School-based occupational therapy may provide a practical solution to imp...

In many countries today, digital technology and instant communication are embedded in children's everyday lives to the extent that their play frequently incorporates smartphones, the Internet and other technologies. In this paper, we explore the recent historical conditions within the New Zealand context that have increased the accessibility of the...

Background Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in childhood, as are risk factors that undermine wellbeing: low self-esteem and limited participation in daily occupations. Current treatments focus primarily on modifying internal cognitions with insufficient effect on functional outcomes. Occupational therapists have a role in measuring and...

The aim of this study was to investigate how those with pain, and their significant others, perceive the involvement of significant others in a multidisciplinary chronic pain management programme. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with eight people who had attended a Family Day as part of a three-week multidisciplinary chronic pai...

Introduction There is little discussion in the multidisciplinary literature about how to engage adults with cognitive impairments in health-related assessments. This qualitative descriptive study used semi-structured interviews to explore how nine occupational therapists working across a range of practice settings addressed this issue. Method Inte...

The women who participated in our study, many of them grandmothers, knew a lot more about food than the recipe. They showed us that planning, preparing, cooking, serving , sharing, and offering food at Christmas or Songkran is about leadership, family, identity, tradition, and change. They taught us how these important aspects of food preparation a...

Qualitative data can add value and understanding to more traditional epidemiological studies. This study was designed to complement the quantitative data from the incidence study the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study or ARCOS-IV by using qualitative methods to uncover the richer detail of life as a stroke survivor, thereby extending our unde...

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was developed by the World Health Organization to comprehensively describe the ways that health conditions can affect people. The identification of ICF categories of most relevance to people with a particular disease can increase the usefulness of the ICF and create a refe...

The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of holiday food preparation in women of Kentucky (Christmas), New Zealand (Christmas), and Thailand (Thai New Year) who were over 65 years of age and still involved with their families. Data was collected through focus groups in the three countries. An iterative qualitative analysis was initiall...

This article reports the findings of an analysis of historical and contemporary literature which explored how the meaning of occupation has changed over time. A hermeneutic approach, based on the work of Gadamer, focuses on changes of meaning. The core idea of reviewing literature published over a very wide and ancient span of time was to bring the...

Ten children aged 10-12 years were audio recorded discussing and demonstrating the types of technology they regularly used at home. A critical discourse analysis of the transcriptions was completed to identify dominant discourses the children deployed. Philosopher Michel Foucault's theories on the history of existence, power relations, the subject,...

Dementia is a critical social issue that contributes to, and is exacerbated by, occupational deprivation. This article reports the findings of an action research project undertaken to explore the daily activities of people who live with dementia in the community. Data were gathered by interviews, observations, and focus groups in community settings...

Objective: The objective of this research was to identify the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders present when mothers lift normally developing children weighing between 20 and 31 lbs (9-14 kg) in the home. Method: Twenty five mothers aged 28-40 years completed Sanders and Morse's (2005) self-report survey of pain and high-risk practices....

Ongoing knowledge development calls on health professionals to explore strategies to disseminate new or updated theoretical frameworks to practitioners. To date few researchers have explored effective means to do this or how the dissemination of professional ideas impacts on effective service delivery. The study described in this article aimed to i...

This cross-country, cross-cultural study explored the meaning of older women's food-related activities for the annual festivals of Songkran (Thai New Year) in Chiang Mai, Thailand; and Christmas in Richmond, Kentucky, USA; and Auckland, New Zealand. A derived etic method was used. The community-dwelling participants were 33 Thai women, aged 60 and...

Objective: To undertake a systematic inquiry into the experience of living with dementia in the community. Design: Action research, underpinned by critical hermeneutics, brought together action and reflection, theory and practice to generate knowledge. Data were gathered by interviews and observations in participants' homes, and focus group disc...

Abstract Occupational therapists and occupational scientists are increasingly aware of the relationship between occupation and global climate change, with some working to raise awareness of the issues and others proposing that an occupational perspective can make a valuable contribution to understanding and addressing the issues. In this discussion...

Action research methods were underpinned by critical hermeneutic philosophy to uncover and interpret the support needs of people living with dementia in New Zealand. This involved 11 people with mild to moderate dementia and their primary caregiver in a collaborative process with the researcher. Data collection and analysis were reciprocally integr...

This qualitative descriptive study provides new understandings of family routines in families dealing with adolescent mental illness. Seven parent and adolescent participants recruited from a community child and adolescent mental health service contributed data through individual, semi-structured interviews. Inductive analysis revealed two groups o...

Recovery from mental illness has been described as a process involving personal growth and a search for meaning. Occupation is a primary medium for human development as well as the creation of life meaning, suggesting the exploration of recovery from an occupational perspective is warranted. To explore the experience and meaning of occupation for 7...

Indian immigrant women settling in New Zealand encounter new environments and occupational situations. How they navigate these situations either facilitates and enhances the experience of being in a new environment or challenges the process of settling and becoming part of New Zealand society. This study describes the significance of engagement in...

Migration is an international phenomenon and has particular value as a field of study for occupational scientists. Implicit in migration is a change of environment, which for many migrants requires some form of adaptation and adjustment of valued occupations. Thus, we argue that immigrants' occupations offer a particular opportunity to examine the...

Like Dewey, Heidegger understood that people's context shapes the meaning they give to their experiences and that the significance of meaning of the human world is not dependent on one-to-one connections. Rather, meaning depends on the whole context. In this chapter, we explore the transactional nature of the meaning of occupation and how that mean...

Occupational Science: Society, Inclusion, Participation is the must have resource for occupational therapists, occupational scientists, students and researchers. The book begins with a comprehensive review of the current literature and the knowledge generated to date. Reasons for the field's limited impact are proposed, including its focus on indiv...

The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada. Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged g...

To examine published case examples of occupational deprivation in relation to Wilcock's 1989 theoretical proposal that it is caused by economic and political systems, institutional policies, or advances in technology that displace workers. CASE EXAMPLES: Eleven accounts of occupational deprivation centering on access to or maintenance of a work rol...

Some authors are beginning to challenge current categorisations of occupation as self-care, productivity, and leisure in favour of categories that address meaning. However, the meaning of occupation receives relatively little attention in the literature. To provide a synthesis of the contemporary literature that considers the meaning of occupation...

Aim This exploratory study aimed to uncover the strategies that older adults employ to ameliorate the impact of impairments and barriers to participation. Method Eight participants were interviewed in their own homes, in a town or city in New Zealand. Findings Inductive analysis of data revealed four main categories of strategies: strategies to k...

This research sought to identify the conventions and expectations that guide Australian occupational therapists' use of objects, and to critique these against professional beliefs and values. A history of ideas methodology was used to analyse the content of a sample of issues of the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, spanning 42 years. This r...

While a range of literature has explored the meaning of occupation, the lived experience of occupation has been relatively neglected. In this hermeneutic phenomenological study 12 New Zealand adults who had experienced a disruption to their occupations were interviewed, on the assumption that disruption reveals things that are usually overlooked. T...

In order to look across three cultures at the meanings of celebratory food preparation for older women, researchers in Thailand, America and New Zealand collaboratively designed a derived etic method that respected each culture while allowing cultural comparison of food-related occupations. Anticipating differences in practices at each site, the in...

Peer review is increasingly used for professional development and to monitor physiotherapists' competence to practice. This study set out to describe the experience of participating in peer review. Qualitative descriptive methods were employed to elicit and analyze interview data from physiotherapists with experience as reviewers and having their p...

Studies have found differences in the nature and severity of social problems experienced by children with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given that play is often the context for acquiring social skills, there is surprisingly limited research examining whether these differences distinguish the play of children...

This article proposes that to fulfil the vision of the founders of the discipline, occupational scientists must develop a new strand of research and scholarship dedicated to generating knowledge of occupation itself, rather than people's engagement in it. The goal is to inform both occupational science and therapy by providing knowledge of the occu...

The importance of play in the social development of children is undisputed. Even though children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience serious social problems, there is limited research on their play. By integrating literature on ADHD with literature on play, we can postulate how play is influenced by the characteristics o...

Play is the context for acquiring social skills. While it is logical to suspect that the difficulties associated with ADHD would affect play, there is surprisingly little work in that area. Further, there is almost no previous research describing the playmates of children with ADHD. This study involved children with ADHD (n = 112) playing with a us...

This article challenges occupational therapists to extend their traditional practice in long term care settings for elderly people, in order to prevent the negative health outcomes associated with the transition into care. Failure to do so is identified as inconsistent with core occupational therapy beliefs and values, and with recent calls for occ...

Objects form one layer of the environment, i.e. within the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). This paper reviews concepts about objects drawn from psychology, sociology, archaeology, history and anthropology, and compares these with the dimensions of objects described in the MOHO. It identifies that although the MOHO focuses on the human lifespan as...

Many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have serious social and peer difficulties that can lead to adverse outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Play provides a natural context to explore those interactional problems. This study aimed to examine the similarities and differences in play behavior of children as having ADHD...

Growing awareness of the Western perspectives underpinning occupational science and occupational therapy's values, theories, and evaluation tools has given rise to questions about culturally relevant knowledge and practice with non-Western populations. To make sense of attempts to develop cross-cultural knowledge taking place within the profession...

This is the last in a series of three articles that report the findings of a study that explored the history of the ideas that pioneering occupational therapistsin the United Kingdom held about physical objects. Based on an analysis of references to objects in occupational therapy literature published between 1938 and 1962, it revealed the professi...

This study aimed to explore the experience of adults with dyspraxia, after discharge from inpatient care, in the course of their everyday activities. A small-scale qualitative study conducted in metropolitan New Zealand with men who had dyspraxia after a stroke. Data collection included individual interviews and videoing each participant performing...

This is the second of three articles arising from a study that employed a history of ideas approach to explore how occupational therapists working in the United Kingdom before 1962 thought about their practice. The perspective taken was that people think about things in ways that are consistent with Western society's philosophical roots in Romantic...

This is the first in a series of three articles that explores occupational therapy's philosophical foundations in rationalism and Romanticism. The articles report the findings of a study that employed a history of ideas approach, which centres on the ideas people hold and how those change over time. The core idea in this study was that people's sen...

Many societies have traditionally considered cooking nourishing food for the family to be a natural occupation of women. This article outlines the findings of a small-scale, interpretive study focusing on older Canadian women's participation in planning, preparing, serving, and sharing food for Christmas. The 20 participants, who each took part in...

This chapter discusses an 8-year international collaboration involving research teams from three countries: New Zealand, Thailand and the United States. The purpose of the research was to explore and compare the meanings that the foodrelated occupations associated with potent cultural celebrations (Christmas and Songkran, the Thai New Year) hold fo...

This article draws on an analysis of the British Journal of Occupational Therapy and texts published in England from 1938 to 1951 to describe the ways in which early British occupational therapists perceived themselves and their practice. To give context, the impact of World War II, the medical advances of the time and the profession's overarching...

This qualitative study sought to describe the shared "culture of practice" of a group of Ministry of Education, Special Education occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Data from individual semi-structured interviews, enriched by insider observations, were thematically analysed within a cultural constructs framework An ethos of practice unde...

Little is known of the day-to-day experience of living with motor neurone disease from the perspective of those who have it, apart from what can be found in personal accounts such as those published on web pages. In this study, which was informed by phenomenology, seven people living in an urban setting in New Zealand were asked to describe their e...

It is widely recognised that immigration may be more distressing than anticipated, disrupting occupations and threatening health and wellbeing. In New Zealand, increasing numbers of new immigrants are reported to be accessing mental health services. This article reports the findings of a small-scale qualitative study into the things that Indian wom...

To date, very little has been written about Indian people migrating to New Zealand, and yet they constitute the second largest Asian group in New Zealand society. This paper describes the findings of a small-scale qualitative study into the everyday activities of Indian women who have recently immigrated to New Zealand, as they endeavour to settle...

This interpretive study aimed to shed light on the experience of living with motor neurone disease (MND). Guided by phenomenological methodology, it involved semi-structured interviews with 4 women and 3 men diagnosed with MND, living in their own home in a major city in New Zealand. Three themes emerged; the wobbly body, doing and being, and chang...

This narrative inquiry sought to explore the views of eight young New Zealanders, aged nine to14 years, who had experienced specific difficulties with learning. Narrative research procedures were used to gather and interpret the stories the young participants told about their experiences. Findings revealed that young people become aware of their ow...

Although the immediate benefits of deinstitutionalisation are well documented, few studies have focused on the long term effects of lengthy psychiatric hospitalisation on everyday living. This narrative inquiry involved eight people who had spent more than four years in a New Zealand psychiatric institution. At the time of interview, they were livi...

‘Christmas, because it is rather a sentimental time you tend to look for the familiar and go back into what you remember in your childhood.’ In the process of preparing family favourites or trying exciting new foods at Christmas, older New Zealand women construct self and family identities. This paper presents the New Zealand findings from an inter...

“It is deep within our hearts that we have to do this.” Such words reflect the potency of subjective and social meaning of food occupations for older Thai women at Songkran, the traditional Thai New Year. This paper presents the Thai findings from a multi‐site research project exploring older women's experiences of food occupations at Songkran in C...

Many people have chronic pain yet little is known about what it is like to live with pain on a permanent basis and how this experience affects people. This article reports the findings of a phenomenological study into the meaning of chronic pain for 14 people who were attending a pain management programme in New Zealand. The data for the study comp...

In this chapter I explore what it means to be a health practitioner who is concerned about the things people with healthproblems are able to do in their day-to-day lives. It focuses on all the things people usually do that occupy them and it looks at the ways disease and disorder affect those occupations. The chapter is also concerned with the ways...

Based on a qualitative research project guided by grounded theory methodology, this article describes parents' participation in home therapy programs recommended by physical and occupational therapists. The study involved in-depth interviews with 8 parents and 4 therapists of children with cerebral palsy. The parents reported that in the initial st...

In this grounded theory study, the authors purposed to generate a conceptual model of the experience of parents and therapists involved in home therapy programs for children with cerebral palsy. There were 12 participants: 4 therapists and 8 parents. Through constant comparative method of analysis, a process emerged interpreted as the compelling ch...

In spite of disparate cultural knowledge and beliefs, and diversity of individual practices, the food‐centred occupations of older New Zealand and Thai women share common meanings. When women talk about preparing, sharing and giving foods at Christmas and Songkran, their stories uncover dimensions of meaning that span time and geography. The meanin...