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Publications (47)
Recent investigations in neuroscience elucidate the neural basis of close other cognitive representations, which serve functions central to our health and happiness. Yet, there are persistent barriers to this research, including disparate research methods and the absence of a common theoretical background. The present review connects neuroimaging a...
Some of the closest reciprocal relationships are between parents and their children. As part of the attachment characterizing many parent-child bonds, individuals form mental representations that are chronically accessible and calibrate expectations for future relationships. We predict that there exist unique neural signatures of this chronic acces...
Decades of research indicate that individuals adhere to existing states ("status quo bias") and value them more ("endowment effect"). The present work is the first to investigate status quo preference within the context of trade-offs in mate choice. Across seven studies (total N = 1,567), participants indicated whether they would prefer remaining w...
The human brain tracks dynamic changes within the social environment, forming and updating representations of individuals in our social milieu. This mechanism of social navigation builds an increasingly complex map of persons with whom we are familiar and form attachments to guide adaptive social behaviors. We examined the neural representation of...
In 1987 Hazan and Shaver published an article entitled “Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process.” In the years since, adult romantic attachment has been the focus of more than a dozen books and edited volumes. An additional three dozen books and edited volumes have included extensive coverage of adult attachment theory and research. T...
A great deal is known about how infants form attachments, and how these processes carry over into adolescence. But after that, the trail grows cold: the study of adult attachment emphasizes individual variations, paying little attention to the normative mechanisms of adult bonding. A much-needed corrective, Bases of Adult Attachment examines this u...
A growing literature shows that even the symbolic presence of an attachment figure facilitates the regulation of negative affect triggered by external stressors. Yet, in daily life, pernicious stressors are often internally generated--recalling an upsetting experience reliably increases negative affect, rumination, and susceptibility to physical an...
Does a new person's objective facial resemblance to a significant other influence snap judgments of liking, and if so, does this effect occur even when individuals are not consciously aware of the resemblance? Participants (romantic couples) made trait judgments about 24 novel faces, each shown for 500 ms. Objective facial resemblance was manipulat...
In this article, we investigate marital functioning from an attachment theory perspective. We review empirical evidence showing that, in nondistressed marriages, spouses, as attachment figures, provide each other with a subjective sense of felt security, regulate each other's affective and physiological states, and facilitate each other's functioni...
Although numerous studies examined how individual differences in mothers’ discourse about their early attachment experiences are associated with their caregiving behaviors toward their children, research examining how self-reported romantic attachment style is associated with maternal caregiving has been very limited. To help fill this gap, we exam...
Residential crowding in both U.S. and U.K. samples of 36-month-old children is related concurrently to the Bracken scale, a standard index of early cognitive development skills including letter and color identification, shape recognition, and elementary numeric comprehension. In the U.S. sample, these effects also replicate prospectively. Statistic...
An integrative framework is proposed for understanding how multiple biological and psychological systems are regulated in the context of adult attachment relationships, dysregulated by separation and loss experiences, and, potentially, re-regulated through individual recovery efforts. Evidence is reviewed for a coregulatory model of normative attac...
Central to attachment theory is the postulation of an inborn system to regulate attachment behavior. This system has been well studied in infancy and childhood, but much less is known about its functioning at later ages. The goal of this study was to explore the form and function of attachment behavior in the daily lives of young adults. Twenty eig...
The traditional view holds that aggressive individuals have unfavorable views of self (i.e., low self-esteem), but recent studies indicate that the opposite might be true (Baumeister, Smart, & Boden, 1996). This debate may be informed by considering how individuals view others. Following relational schema theory (Baldwin, 1992), which suggests that...
This article explores reactive attachment disorder, a disorder that has been linked to severe and chronic maltreatment. The fundamental concepts of attachment theory are reviewed briefly, and the two types of behaviors associated with reactive attachment disorder in children and adolescents are discussed. Treatment strategies are explored, includin...
Adoption provides a unique opportunity for the study of child development. Because adopted children are raised in families in which they have no genetic relationship with their parents, and possibly none with their siblings, they provide a rare opportunity to study the relative importance of genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmenta...
This study investigated the effects of attachment working models on social perception processes. Participants estimated the number of behavioral instances they would require to confirm and disconfirm hypothetical others’ possession of various traits. The attachment dimension of avoidance was associated with a defensively conservative style of socia...
Application of the principles of evolution and natural selection to the phenomena of human mating does not lead inevitably to a single theoretical model. According to the standard evolutionary model, formally known as sexual strategies theory (D. M. Buss & D. P. Schmitt, 1993), biologically based sex differences in parental investment have resulted...
Is there compelling evidence that the attachment system is operative in adult romantic relationships? If so, does it serve the same function as in infancy? Do pair-bond partners replace parents in their roles as primary attachment figures, as J. Bowlby hypothesized? And, if so, by what processes does the transition occur? These are some of the ques...
Son yıllar yakın ilişkilerle
ilgili araştırmalarda çarpıcı bir artışa ve sosyal bilimlerde yeni bir ilişki
bilimi alt dalının ortaya çıkışına tanık olmaktadır. Bugüne kadar, yeni
ilişkiler bilimi veri ağırlıklı olmuştur. Bu makale artık ilerlemenin eldeki
bulguları örgütlemek ve gelecekteki araştırmalara yol göstermek için kuram
geliştirmeye bağlı...
A longitudinal study of 177 adults examined the stability of adult attachment styles and of romantic relationships over a 4-year period. Findings included the following: (a) attachment styles were highly stable over time; (b) Time 1 attachment style was a significant predictor of Time 2 relationship status, but (c) this effect was mediated by concu...
[explore] issues concerning the multiple functions of sex within a relationship and its changing nature and importance over the course of a developing relationship [within attachment theory] / present results from 2 recent studies which indicate that, beyond infancy, attachments are formed almost exclusively with sexual partners / draw upon empiric...
summarize the vast and constantly growing literature on attachment
a brief survey of attachment theory [Bowlby's 3-volume theoretical work: attachment and loss; attachment dynamics; Ainsworth classification scheme: 3 patterns of attachment] / the continuity of attachment patterns during childhood / early measure of adult attachment style / adult...
Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of research on close relationships and the emergence of a new relationship subdiscipline within the social sciences. To date, the new science of relationships has been dominated by data. This article is based on the conviction that progress now hinges on the development of theory to organize and interpret...
Loss is an integral part of close relationships. Death, estrangement, and geographical distance often separate us from those with whom we are close. Relationships are continually being constituted and dissolved. If we are truly to understand close relationships, we must not limit ourselves to studying them only during their constitutive phase but a...
Working models of attachment in marital functioning were examined. The security and accuracy of working models were measured with a new Q-sort method. Spouses with secure working models (self as relying on partner and partner as psychologically available) showed more constructive modulation of emotion and reported better marital adjustment. The acc...
The possibility that love and work in adulthood are functionally similar to attachment and exploration in infancy and early childhood was investigated. Key components of attachment theory—developed by Bowlby, Ainsworth, and others to explain the role of attachment in exploratory behavior—were translated into terms appropriate to adult love and work...
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Denver, 1988. Microfilm. s
The field of relationship research is currently witnessing an explosion of interest in romantic love. Several theories have been proposed to explain various features of love. This article summarizes some of these and argues that they can be integrated within an attachment-theoretical framework. In the course of the argument, love is conceptualized...
We report an investigation of the development of visual expectancies in 3.5-month-old infants. One of the infant's eyes was videorecorded as the infant watched a series of slides that were presented noncontingent on behavior. Babies were presented an alternating and an irregular series of 30 slides with a 700-msec onset duration separated by an int...
This article explores the possibility that romantic love is an attachment process--a biosocial process by which affectional bonds are formed between adult lovers, just as affectional bonds are formed earlier in life between human infants and their parents. Key components of attachment theory, developed by Bowlby, Ainsworth, and others to explain th...
This article explores the possibility that romantic love is an attachment process--a biosocial process by which affectional bonds are formed between adult lovers, just as affectional bonds are formed earlier in life between human infants and their parents. Key components of attachment theory, developed by Bowlby, Ainsworth, and others to explain th...
As suggested by R. Weiss (1973; see also PA, Vol 75:26577), attachment theory (J. Bowlby; 1969, 1973, 1980) is seen as a useful framework for integrating research findings concerning both loneliness (especially chronic or trait loneliness) and romantic love. The present paper summarizes attachment theory, examines similarities between infant–caregi...
We have noticed, in ourselves and our acquaintances, a consistent pattern of feelings and behaviors that seem to appear as romantic ties dissolve. Excerpts from a recent conversation with a friend provide an example:
We [he and his wife of 15 years] have become so defensive we can’t talk to each other, we can’t hold each other comfortably … and lat...
detailed summary of attachment theory, which will be important in our attempt to extend the theory to adult romantic love
list some of the observable and theoretical similarities between infant care-giver attachment and adult romantic love
three kinds or styles of attachment (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Attachment results from the interaction of multiple intraindividual and interindividual processes operating at multiple levels over time. What needs to be better understood is what the relevant processes are and how they change over time. This is the approach taken in this chapter. We start with a brief theoretical background that focuses on Bowlby...
This chapter concerns the convergence of individual needs and motives across time that enables adults to develop and maintain romantic relationships. Using J. Bowlby's ethological attachment theory as their guiding framework, the authors outline a normative model of adult attachment formation. While acknowledging some obvious differences between in...