Chunxiang Cao

Chinese Academy of Sciences | CAS · Institute of Remote Sensing Applications

Background Particulate matter (PM), including the major risk factor for lung cancer (LC), greatly impacts human health. Although numerous studies have highlighted spatiotemporal patterns and PM-LC associations, these studies have not been well-reviewed. Thus, we examined epidemiological studies linked with PM-LC and provided concise, up-to-date dat...

Ecological vulnerability assessment is crucial for environment protection, ecological restoration and resource utilization. However, many former studies have limitations in the indicator system of the assessment, which were not comparable for different types of ecologically vulnerable areas. It is difficult to apply directly to the ecological vulne...

Purpose A mouse model of irradiation (IR)-induced heart injury was established to investigate the early changes in cardiac function after radiation and the role of cardiac macrophages in this process. Methods Cardiac function was evaluated by heart-to-tibia ratio, lung-to-heart ratio and echocardiography. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytom...

Long-term exposure to high concentrations of fine particles can cause irreversible damage to people’s health. Therefore, it is of extreme significance to conduct large-scale continuous spatial fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration prediction for air pollution prevention and control in China. The distribution of PM2.5 ground monitoring stati...

Grassland desertification stands as an ecological concern globally. It is crucial for desertification prevention and control to comprehend the variation in area and severity of desertified grassland (DGL), clarify the intensities of conversion among DGLs of different desertification levels, and explore the spatial and temporal driving factors of de...

Nighttime light data is a mainstay method in confirming and supporting other traditional economic data indicators, which in turn influence business and policy-making decisions. Accuracy in and clear definition of economic data and its related indicators are thus of great importance not only for analysis of urban development and related policies see...

Although numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between environmental factors and chronic diseases, there is a lack of comprehensive population health vulnerability assessment studies from the perspective of environmental exposure, population sensitivity and adaptation on a regional scale. To address this gap, this study...

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is an important parameter that represents the productivity of vegetation and responses to various ecological environments. Using the Mann–Kendall methods, Pearson correlation, and the Geodetector, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of GPP from 2000 to 2020. The results showed th...

Urbanization has a significant impact on local climate change such as trends and variations of temperature and precipitation. Accurate evaluation on effect of urbanization on local climate change provides guidance for the prevention and control of extreme weather in cities and towns. In this chapter, taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the s...

The combination of natural environment changes and human activities affects the growth of grasslands. In order to quantitatively assess the causes of spatial and temporal variation of grasslands in Xilingol, this study assessed the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of grassland health based on MOD13A1 long time series Normalized Difference Ve...

A global challenge to sustainable development is land degradation, and to achieve land degradation neutrality, monitoring, mapping, and impact assessment of ongoing ecological restoration efforts is necessary. Here, we analyze the desertification process and role of restoration projects at a spatial and temporal scale in Mu Us Desert from 2001 to 2...

The large area estimation of forest canopy closure (FCC) using remotely sensed data is of high interest in monitoring forest changes and forest health, as well as in assessing forest ecological services. The accurate estimation of FCC over the regional or global scale is challenging due to the difficulty of sample acquisition and the slow processin...

What is already known about this topic?: Coastal areas of China have a higher reported incidence of other infectious diarrheal diseases (OIDD; excluding cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and paratyphoid) than inland areas of China. What is added by this report?: The incidence of OIDD in high latitude coastal provincial-level administrative divisions...

草本沼泽是沼泽湿地生态系统中分布最广的沼泽类型，具有涵养水源、调节气候、储碳固碳、提供珍稀物种栖息地等重要生态功能。草本沼泽的固碳功能在减缓气候变暖，维持区域环境稳定性等方面发挥着关键作用。植被生物量是反映湿地固碳能力的重要指标，明确沼泽湿地植被生物量可为估算沼泽湿地碳储量及固碳能力提供科学基础。文章利用全国草本沼泽植被地上生物量实地调查数据，结合中国沼泽湿地分布数据集，首次从全国尺度对中国草本沼泽植被地上生物量及其空间分布格局进行了研究。结果表明：中国草本沼泽总面积为9.7 × 104km2，草本沼泽植被地上生物量平均密度为 (227.5 ± 23.0)g C m-2 (95%置信区间，下同)，总地上生物量为 (22.2 ± 2.2)Tg C (1Tg=1012g)。中国草本沼泽植被地上生...

Herbaceous marsh is the most widely distributed type of marsh wetland ecosystem, and has important ecological functions such as water conservation, climate regulation, carbon storage and fixation, and sheltering rare species. The carbon sequestration function of herbaceous marsh plays a key role in slowing climate warming and maintaining regional e...

Accurate information on tree species is in high demand for forestry management and further investigations on biodiversity and environmental monitoring. Over regional or large areas, distinguishing tree species at high resolutions faces the challenges of a lack of representative features and computational power. A novel methodology was proposed to d...

Exploring spatio-temporal patterns of disease incidence can help to identify areas of significantly elevated or decreased risk, providing potential etiologic clues. The study uses the retrospective analysis of space-time scan statistic to detect the clusters of COVID-19 in mainland China with a different maximum clustering radius at the family-leve...

Aerosol pollution has become an increasingly serious problem in China. Among the multiple factors causing aerosol pollution, wildfires in China are occurring more frequently and have gradually become one of the most important contributing factors. However, little is known about their potential causality trends or spatial characteristics. In this re...

Background Accurate information on tree species is much in demand for forestry management and further investigations on biodiversity and forest ecosystem services. Over regional or large areas, discriminating tree species at high resolution is deemed challenging by lack of representative features and computational power. Methods A novel methodology...

Recently, state estimation techniques are widely used in many systems. For instance, a tracking system uses the state estimation technique to obtain the exact position of an object. Some other works apply it to estimated parameters before feeding those parameters into their considered system. The aim of this chapter is to understand a constructed s...

Remote Sensing Datasets and Preprocessing Remote Sensing Datasets and Preprocessing.

In this chapter, flooding identification by vegetation index was conducted by using SAR images and multispectral images in order to obtain the flooding period of the study area.

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is an advanced algorithm and widely used in many applications. In this chapter, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are described.

Flooding is the leading cause of water-related morbidity and mortality in most monsoon areas frequently facing floods.

The most predominant characteristics of Thailand’s terrain are high mountains, an upland plateau and a central plain (Wikipedia 2014) overlooking the topography and drainage of Thailand. Northern Thailand contains many mountains, which extend along the Myanmar border down through the Kra Isthmus and the Malay Peninsula. The central part of Thailand...

In this chapter an example is illustrated which applies the knowledge of flood identification methods already described in Part I and the knowledge of waterborne diseases for developing a system that can provide basic predictions for patients.

Floods cause an increase of pathogen concentrations in natural waters (Funari et al. 2012) that results from over-flooding of the runoff of animal manure, sewage treatment plants, and the remobilization and redistribution of contaminated sediments (Hilscherova et al. 2007; Nagels et al. 2002), as shown in Fig. 7.1.

Neural networks, a type of machine-learning algorithm, are efficient mechanisms for inferring relationships and creating models to express the association between input and output parameters.

The first study for flood water identification is the extraction of water by vegetation index and histogram thresholding methods

This book introduces flood inundation area and flood risks assessment based on a comprehensive monitoring system using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Taking the 2011 flood disaster of Ayutthaya in Thailand as an example, it presents a flood intrusion zone identification method based on remote sensing technology, spat...

Forest canopy height is an indispensable forest vertical structure parameter for understanding the carbon cycle and forest ecosystem services. A variety of studies based on spaceborne Lidar, such as ICESat, ICESat-2 and airborne Lidar, were conducted to estimate forest canopy height at multiple scales. However, while a few studies have been conduct...

To enhance the performance of image classification and speech recognition, the optimizer is considered an important factor for achieving high accuracy. The state-of-the-art optimizer can perform to serve in applications that may not require very high accuracy, yet the demand for high-precision image classification and speech recognition is increasi...

Land degradation reflected by vegetation is a commonly used practice to monitor desertification. To retrieve important information for ecosystem management accurate assessment of desertification is necessary. The major factors that drive vegetation dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions are climate and anthropogenic activities. Progression of deser...

Fine-scale population distribution is increasingly becoming a research hotspot owing to its high demand in many applied fields. It is of great significance in urban emergency response, disaster assessment, resource allocation, urban planning, market research, and transportation route design. This study employed land cover, building address, and hou...

Accurate information regarding forest volume plays an important role in estimating afforestation, timber harvesting, and forest ecological services. Traditionally, operations on forest growing stock volume using field measurements are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Recently, remote sensing technology has emerged as a time-cost efficient method...

Fires are frequent in boreal forests affecting forest areas. The detection of forest disturbances and the monitoring of forest restoration are critical for forest management. Vegetation phenology information in remote sensing images may interfere with the monitoring of vegetation restoration, but little research has been done on this issue. Remote...

Being a globally emerging mite-borne zoonotic disease, scrub typhus is a serious public health concern in Nepal. Mapping environmental suitability and quantifying the human population under risk of the disease is important for prevention and control efforts. In this study, we model and map the environmental suitability of scrub typhus using the eco...

Dysentery is a major infectious diseases that affects public health and the quality of life in Jiangsu Province. Since the development of the railways, the incidence of dysentery in the general population living near railway lines has increased. This research investigates the relationship between the geographical distribution of the railways and th...

(full text available: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/79APJI4TVSNBKKH6QTAZ/full?target=10.1080/10106049.2019.1608589) A forest spectral library would be helpful for tree species monitoring and management. To meet the demand of standard spectral information for the subtropical forest, a three-level spectral library including leaf spectra of 67 ty...

Forest canopy height plays an important role in forest management and ecosystem modeling. There are a variety of techniques employed to map forest height using remote sensing data but it is still necessary to explore the use of new data and methods. In this study, we demonstrate an approach for mapping canopy heights of poplar plantations in plain...

Wetland is one of the three major ecosystems on the earth and has fundamental ecological functions and plays an irreplaceable role in serving biological survival and human development. Considering the characteristics of five types of wetlands, this study constructed a wetland ecological health evaluation indicator system using a wide variety of dat...

Forest canopy height is an important parameter for studying biodiversity and the carbon cycle. A variety of techniques for mapping forest height using remote sensing data have been successfully developed in recent years. However, the demands for forest height mapping in practical applications are often not met, due to the lack of corresponding remo...

Using Landsat remote-sensing data combined with geological information extracted from ALOS and Sentinel-1A radar data, the ecological environment was evaluated in the years 2007, 2008, 2013, and 2017 through gray correlation analysis on the basis of the construction of the pressure-state-response model. The main objective of this research was to as...

Global land degradation and sustainable development has become a serious challenge for the terrestrial ecosystems. Shrub plays a crucial role in global ecosystem protection, ecological reconstruction, which is especially important in arid and semi-arid sandland ecosystem. Shrub above ground biomass (AGB) is a proxy of carbon sequestration capacity....

Due to urban expansion, economic development, and rapid population growth, land use/land cover (LULC) is changing in major cities around the globe. Quantitative analysis of LULC change is important for studying the corresponding impact on the ecosystem service value (ESV) that helps in decision-making and ecosystem conservation. Based on LULC data...

Dengue fever is expanding rapidly in many tropical and subtropical countries since the last few decades. However, due to limited research, little is known about the spatial patterns and associated risk factors on a local scale particularly in the newly emerged areas. In this study, we explored spatial patterns and evaluated associated potential env...

Sudden oak death (SOD) is one of the most rapid and destructive forest pathogens, which has caused the death of many host plants in Europe and America. There are currently no cases in China where there are more host plants and a more suitable climate for this pathogen to survive. Therefore, it is vital to discern the potential suitable habitat, qua...

Remotely sensed data are often adversely affected by many types of noise, which influences the classification result. Supervised machine-learning (ML) classifiers such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) are broadly reported to improve robustness against noise. However, only a few comparat...

Dengue fever is one of the leading public health problems of tropical and subtropical countries across the world. Transmission dynamics of dengue fever is largely affected by meteorological and environmental factors, and its temporal pattern generally peaks in hot-wet periods of the year. Despite this continuously growing problem, the temporal dyna...

Burnt forest recovery is normally monitored with a time-series analysis of satellite data because of its proficiency for large observation areas. Traditional methods, such as linear correlation plotting, have been proven to be effective, as forest recovery naturally increases with time. However, these methods are complicated and time consuming when...

This study describes spatiotemporal distribution and geospatial diffusion patterns of dengue outbreak of 2013 in Jhapa district, Nepal. Laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were collected from the District Public Health Office, Government of Nepal. Choropleth mapping technique, Global Moran’s Index, SaTScan, and standard deviational ellipse were used...

City green infrastructure (CGI) makes cities more resilient and sustainable, as required by the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 11–Sustainable Cities and Communities. Based on the CGI policies of Beijing, land use/land cover (LULC) changes of two Asian capitals, Beijing, China and Islamabad, Pakistan, are simulated. LULC maps for...

With the economic growth and increasing urbanization in the last three decades, the air quality over China has continuously degraded, which poses a great threat to human health. The concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) directly affects the mortality of people living in the polluted areas where air quality is poor. The Beijing-Tianjin-He...

Increasing trends of urbanization lead to vegetation degradation in big cities and affect the urban thermal environment. This study investigated (1) the cooling effect of urban green space spatial patterns on Land Surface Temperature (LST); (2) how the surrounding environment influences the green space cool islands (GCI), and vice versa. The study...