Chung-Ze Wu

Chung-Ze Wu
Taipei Medical University | TMU · School of Medicine

MD., PhD.

About

104
Publications
20,422
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951
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July 2012 - present
Taipei Medical University
Position
  • Lecturer

Publications

Publications (104)
Article
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Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically in recent decades, and there are increasing indications that dementia is related to T2D. Previous attempts to analyze such relationships principally relied on traditional multiple linear regression (MLR). However, recently developed machine learning methods (Mach-L) out...
Article
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BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing dramatically in recent decades, and 47.5% of T2D patients will die of cardiovascular disease. Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scan (MPS) is a precise and non-invasive method to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). Most previous studies used traditional logistic regression (LG...
Article
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During tumorigenesis, urokinase (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) play essential roles in mediating pathological progression in many cancers. To understand the crosstalk between the uPA/uPAR signaling and cancer, as well as to decipher their cellular pathways, we proposed to use cancer driver genes to map out the uPAR signaling. In the study, an integr...
Article
Background Population aging is emerging as an increasingly acute challenge for countries around the world. One particular manifestation of this phenomenon is the impact of osteoporosis on individuals and national health systems. Previous studies of risk factors for osteoporosis were conducted using traditional statistical methods, but more recent e...
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Abstracts Glucose homeostasis in the body is determined by four diabetes factors (DFs): insulin resistance (IR), glucose effectiveness (GE), and the two phases of insulin secretion—first phase (FPIS) and second phase (SPIS). Previous research points to a correlation between elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) and an increased risk o...
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Background and Objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents has increased rapidly in recent decades. However, the role of adipokines on pathophysiology in young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YDM) is not clear. In this article, we explored the relationships between the adipokines (visfatin and retinol binding protein 4 (RB...
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Carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) is a reliable risk factor for cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different machine learning methods and traditional multiple logistic regression in predicting c-IMT using baseline features and to establish the most significant...
Preprint
Full-text available
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing drastically in recent decades. In the same time, it has been noted that dementia is related to T2D. In the past, traditional multiple linear regression (MLR) is the most commonly used method in analyzing these kinds of relationships. However, machine learning methods (Mach-L) have been eme...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing recently in Taiwan which causes 43% of the total population of dialysis. In the present study, our goal was to compare the accuracy of logistic regression (LR) and gradient boosting classification (GBC) of artificial intelligence in predicting diabetes kidney disease (DKD) in a Chinese cohort. M...
Article
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a crucial activator of the fibrinolytic system that modulates tissue remodeling, cancer progression, and inflammation. However, its role in membranous nephropathy (MN) remains unclear. To clarify this issue, an established mouse model mimicking human MN induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA) in BALB...
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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) has been demonstrated to be beneficial in glycemic control in animal models, but its application in humans has not been well studied. We randomly assigned 160 patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs 1:1 to the TENS study device (n = 81) and placebo (n = 79). 147 (92%) randomized par...
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Objective: To evaluate the relationship between alanine transaminase (ALT) level and biphasic insulin secretion (BPIS) in healthy elderly Han Chinese individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled healthy elderly participants aged ≥60 years that were part of a health examination programme. In order to explore the correlation and sever...
Article
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scan (Th-201 scan) is a non-invasive and extensively used tool in recognizing CAD in clinical settings. In this study, we attempted to compare the predictive accuracy of evaluating abnormal Th-201 scans using traditional mul...
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The urine albumin–creatinine ratio (uACR) is a warning for the deterioration of renal function in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The early detection of ACR has become an important issue. Multiple linear regression (MLR) has traditionally been used to explore the relationships between risk factors and endpoints. Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have...
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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), leading to an approximate three-fold higher risk of developing active TB. However, epidemiological studies on the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) in DM patients are lacking. In this study, we investigated the presence of LTBI and determined risk factors for...
Article
Background: The current standard therapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer is ineffective, necessitating a new treatment approach for prognosis improvement. The urokinase-plasmin activator (uPA) is a critical factor in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis, but its underlying mechanisms in pancreatic cancer remains elusive....
Preprint
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Background: High platelet count was noted in people with metabolic syndrome. A significant association between platelet count and various metabolic parameters had also been reported. However, all the studies hypothesized that these associations are linear relationships. This work investigated the potential non-linear relationships between platelet...
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Increased insulin resistance (IR); decreased glucose effectiveness (GE); and both first-and second phase of insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS) have always been important factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationships between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and these 4 factors in adult Chinese....
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In recent decades, the obesity epidemic has resulted in morbidity and mortality rates increasing globally. In this study, using obese mouse models, we investigated the relationship among urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), metabolic disorders, glomerular filtration rate, and adipose tissues. Two groups, each comprised of C57BL/6J and BALB/c male...
Article
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Irisin, a novel myokine, is believed to be the crucial factor in converting white adipose tissue to beige adipose tissue. For this paper, we studied the relationship among irisin and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and insulin secretion and resistance in schoolchildren of Taiwan. Subjects receiving routine annual health examination at elem...
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Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be one of the most prevalent diseases, and its prevalence is significantly associated with age and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Few studies have been conducted on liver function, MetS and insulin secretion among young adults. Objectives: In the present study, we explored the relationship between the li...
Article
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The Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been observed in younger adults. Insulin resistance [IR], decreased first-, second-phase insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness (GE) (IR, first phase insulin secretion [FPIS], second phase insulin secretion [SPIS], and GE), denoted as diabetes factors (DF), are core for developi...
Article
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. In this study, we used T2DM clinical variables to predict abnormality in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scans (Th-201 scans). These clinical variables were summed stress score (SSS), summed rest score, and summed difference score (SDS), with data obtained from 368 male...
Article
Cytokines and growth factors participate in immune responses, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we simultaneously examined differential levels of 29 circulating factors to determine their associations in female patients with overt autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). We enrolled 40 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), 20 patients wi...
Article
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It has been established that prediabetes can causes significant comorbidities, particularly in the elderly. The deterioration of glucose metabolism are generally considered to be results of the impairment of the 4 factors: first, second insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS, respectively), glucose effectiveness (GE), and insulin resistance. In this study,...
Article
Background: This study evaluated the relative influence of insulin resistance (IR), first-phase insulin secretion (FPIS), second-phase insulin secretion (SPIS), and glucose effectiveness (GE) in determining the difference between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (ΔPG), in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes (...
Article
Background: Both hepatitis B (HB) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are related to metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, this relationship remains controversial. In this study, we determined the effects of NAFLD and HB infection on the risk of MetS among elderly individuals. Methods: In total, 24,500 individuals aged >65 years were enroll...
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Objective: We denote the four major factors related to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as "diabetes factor" (DF); increased insulin resistance (IR); decreased glucose effectiveness (GE); and the first-and-second-phase of insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS). The level of hemoglobin (Hb) was found to be related to IR and FPIS, but no-known studi...
Article
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A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Article
Introduction The increased incidence of young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YDM) is a major health problem. In this study, we tried to identify metabolic syndrome (MetS) components that could be used to predict YDM. Methods Thirteen thousand and nine hundred healthy young adults were enrolled and followed for 6‐117 months. The Cox proportional h...
Article
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Background Diabetes is characterized by increased insulin resistance (IR) and decreased insulin secretion. The roles of glucose effectiveness (GE), first- and second-phase insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS) are often overlooked. We denote these factors as diabetic factors (DF). Hemoglobin (Hb) has been shown to be related to IR and FPIS, but not to SPI...
Article
Aim: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are tightly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear whether the combination of normal CRP and ALT increases probability of the presence of MetS. Materials and methods: We enrolled 433 Chinese in health screening with both CRP and ALT in...
Article
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Aim The present study evaluated the relative influence of body mass index (BMI) on insulin resistance (IR), first-phase insulin secretion (FPIS), second-phase insulin secretion (SPIS), and glucose effectiveness (GE) at a fixed fasting plasma glucose level in an older ethnic Chinese population. Methods In total, 265 individuals aged 60 years with a...
Article
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Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. The relationships between γ-GT and cardiometabolic dysregulation remains unclear in adolescents. We enrolled 7,072 Taiwanese adolescents and followed them for a median of 6.8 years. The optimal cut-off values (CoVs) o...
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Hypertension and prehypertension can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, whether the harmful effects of high blood pressure (BP) are also seen with high normotension remains unknown. This 10-year longitudinal follow-up study aimed to investigate the relationships among normal-range BP, metabolic syndr...
Article
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Background: Angiogenesis and cytoskeletal transformation are common denominators of many pathological developments. The relationship between angiogenesis, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) signaling pathway, and cytoskeletal transformation is still unknown. In this study, a pGL3-uPAR promoter reporter system combined with Bio-Plex mR...
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Background suPAR biomarker generally considered a pathogenic factor in FSGS. However, studies have been published that dispute this conclusion. The current study was designed to investigate the roles of uPA and suPAR in FSGS in clinical and mouse models. Methods Clinical subjects including those with biopsy-proven FSGS and MCD were enrolled. To ve...
Article
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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated complications are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can increase morbidity and mortality. A longitudinal 5-year observational study was conducted to investigate whether the use of anti-diabetic medications or not affected survival rates of diabetic dialysis patients. Met...
Article
Aim: Impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion (ISEC) are major pathophysiologies of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). ISEC has two phases: the first and second phases (second ISEC). In this study, we derived equations to identify patients with second ISEC deficiency (ISEC-D). Methods: Data from 96 patients, namely 19 with a normal fasting plasma...
Article
Objective Although it is known that high uric acid (UA) level is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), most of the previous studies were focused on adults. Since aging becomes a major problem for many societies, in this longitudinal study, we investigated the role of UA in future T2DM and MetS in a large cohort of pe...
Article
Objectives: Insulin secretion has 2 phases, first-phase and second-phase insulin secretion (SPIS). The purpose of our study was to validate the SPIS derived from the modified low-dose graded glucose infusion test (MLDGGI) by using the standard SPIS derived from the low-dose graded glucose infusion test (LDGGI). Methods: Fourteen participants wer...
Article
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The concept of using single criterion of normal blood pressure with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg for all ages is still disputable. The aim of the study is to identify the cutoff value of normotension in different age and sex groups. Totally, 127,922 (63,724 men and 64,198 women) were enrolled...
Article
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Background Metabolic syndrome’s (MetS) role in predicting cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has been confirmed in many large cohort studies. Nontraditionally, hematogram components are significantly related to MetS in many different age groups. However, little is known about its role among the elderly. Methods We enrolled 18,907 subjects over t...
Article
Both decreased insulin sensitivity, and impaired insulin secretion are 2 major pathophyisologies for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There are two phases of ISEC-the first (1st ISEC) and second phase (2nd ISEC). In this study, we tried to build an equation to predict 2nd ISEC. Totally, 82 subjects, including 15 with normal fasting glucose, 26 with pre-diab...
Article
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Background: Hyperglycemia increases prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). But the role of normoglycemia on the development of T2D and CVD in elderly population remains unclear. Aim: To determine an optimal cut-off for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to predict MetS and subsequent risk of T2...
Article
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We investigated the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptors (suPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, insulin secretion, and resistance in schoolchildren. We enrolled 387 children, aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, in Taipei. Anthropometry, fibrinolytic proteins, MetS compone...
Article
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), derived from membrane bound uPAR, is associated with inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we explored the expression of uPAR/suPAR in common biopsy-proven kidney diseases and the relationship between suPAR and staging of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Serum samples for suPAR and r...
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Background: In Taiwan, subjects over 65 years old have higher prevalence of hepatitis C. Among these patients, around 50% have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are main causes of death in this age group, in this cross-sectional study, we tried to evaluate the effects of NAFLD and hepatitis C on...
Article
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Nonalchoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS); it is common and accounts for 80% of the cases with abnormal liver function tests (LFTs). In addition, several studies have proved that there is a correlation between abnormal LFTs and MetS. Therefore, LFTs may represent the abnormal...
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In cell model, we discovered the association between chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 subunit β (TCP-1β) and early diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we further explored the relationships between TCP-1β and type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM). To mimic the clinical hyperfiltration state, a type 2 DM mice model was established by feedi...
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and dysglycemia. Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit features of MetS. The etiology of MetS is complex, involving both environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we examined the role of specific candidate genetic variants on the severity of MetS in T2D...
Article
It is well known that higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This relationship still exists even the FPG is within the normal range. However, most of these studies did not exclude subjects who were on medications which would affect the results of the studies. At the same time, there is no longitudinal stud...
Article
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Aims. There are two phases of insulin secretion, the first (FPIS) and second phase (SPIS). In this study, we built equations to predict FPIS with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). Methods. Totally, 186 participants were enrolled. 75% of participants were randomly selected as the study group to build equations. T...
Article
Full-text available
We investigated the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptors (suPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, insulin secretion, and resistance in schoolchildren. We enrolled 387 children, aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, in Taipei. Anthropometry, fibrinolytic proteins, MetS compone...
Article
Decreased insulin sensitivity (IS) and impaired insulin secretion are major pathological features of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The product of these factors is the disposition index (DI). We aimed to develop an equation for predicting DI. We enrolled 167 participants in our study. We randomly assigned 126 (75%) of the participants to the study group,...
Article
Objectives: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is proposed to predict future occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. There are some other "non-traditional" risk factors such as hematogram components that are also related to the same endpoints as MetS. In this four-year longitudinal study, we used hematogram components to build models for pr...
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Aims/IntroductionHow to measure insulin resistance (IR) accurately and conveniently is a critical issue for both clinical practice and research. In the present study, we tried to modify the β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance test (BIGTT) in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) by...
Article
The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and uric acid (UA) has been explored in many studies, but there is paucity of information on hypo-uricemia and MetS. The current study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the lower end of UA and MetS in elderly. Subjects aged ≥60 years who underwent routine health checkups were enrolled, an...
Article
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Introduction: Decreased insulin action (insulin resistance) is crucial in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Decreased insulin action can even be found in normoglycaemic patients, and they still bear increased risks for cardiovascular disease. In this study, we built models using data from metabolic syndrome (Mets) components and the oral glucos...
Article
Background: The white blood cell (WBC) count was one of the first inflammatory markers associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recently, two longitudinal studies have demonstrated a cause and effect relationship between MetS and WBC counts among middle-aged adults. However, no study has used WBC cutoff values to predict MetS in the elderly. Me...
Article
Type-2 diabetes is mainly the metabolic defect involving multiple organs. To conclude their intricate relationships, the term 'ominous octet' had been proposed to denote this phenomenon. In this study, we enrolled older men without any medications for MetS components to further elucidate the relationships between normoglycaemic state and MetS. We e...
Article
The major contributors to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes are impaired insulin action and insulin secretion, including second phase insulin secretion (2(nd) ISEC). This study aimed to compare surrogates derived from the mixed meal tolerance test (MTT) with 2(nd) ISEC derived from modified low-dose graded glucose infusion (M-LDGGI) in patients w...
Article
Aim: Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are important causes for mortality in older people. Both hypertension and prehypertension are correlated with them. Recently, health promotion and disease prevention in postmenopausal women have become an essential issue of public health policy. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the harmful effect...
Article
Objective: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases with increasing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in an elderly population with pre-diabetes or diabetes. However, it remains unknown whether the relationship between elevated FPG and increased risks of MetS exists in older women with normoglycemia...
Article
Background: Low-grade inflammatory status was thought to be a major underlying mechanism in MetS. White blood cell (WBC) count was one of the inflammatory markers identified to be associated with MetS. Moreover, not only WBC but also hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet (PLT) were all associated with MetS. Objective: In this study, we tried to build mod...
Article
Background Although uric acid (UA) is not in the definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), several studies had shown the positive correlation between UA and MetS. Due to the progress in the public health, the aging of the general population becomes a major issue. However, the aforementioned relationship between UA and MetS is not fully explored in e...