Chun-Sen Ma

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at Hebei University

The prevalence of crop insect pests, which damage crops and reduce their yield, is increasing globally owing to changes in climate and land use, posing a threat to food security. In this Review, we synthesize evidence on how tropical, temperate, migratory and soil crop pests respond to changes in climate, land use and agricultural practices. In gen...

Climate change has the potential to change the distribution of pests globally and their resistance to pesticides, thereby threatening global food security in the 21st century. However, predicting where these changes occur and how they will influence current pest control efforts is a challenge. Using experimentally parameterised and field-tested mod...

Dominance hierarchy, the dominance ranking of members in a community, is determined by the relative population fitness of coexisting species. Climate change can shift dominance hierarchies depending on how species respond to changing climate, but ecological mechanisms underlying such shifts remain largely unknown. Specifically, dominance hierarchy...

Global change includes a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme high temperatures (EHTs), which influence insects at almost all levels. The number of studies showing the ecological importance of EHTs has risen in recent years, but the knowledge is rather dispersed in the contemporary literature. In this article, we review th...

The frequency and magnitude of extreme events are predicted to increase under future climate change. Despite recent advancements, we still lack a detailed understanding of how changes in the frequency and amplitude of extreme climate events are linked to the temporal and spatial structure of natural communities. To answer this question we used a co...

Global warming leads to an increase in extreme heat events, posing significant challenges for insects. Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum, and Rhopalosiphum padi are important co-existing aphid species known to cause damage to cereal crops worldwide. The three species differ in thermal tolerance, with R. padi being much more heat tolerant than...

Insect populations in temperate climates can show seasonal differences in demographic rates. Extreme high‐temperature events (EHTs) are increasing in frequency across all seasons. These may, in turn, disrupt insects' season‐specific demographic strategies. However, whether insect populations respond to EHTs in a season‐specific fashion is not known...

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2), a consequence of anthro-pogenic global change, may profoundly interfere with natural ecological processes, perhaps even interactions across trophic levels. Even the survival prospects of organisms at higher trophic levels could be affected, as follows. We showed previously that the endo-...

Climate change is ten times faster now than in the last global warming event, 56 million years ago, with temperature and extreme weather dramatically increasing due to human activity. This rapid changes in climate affect all levels of biodiversity. However, despite their high global biodiversity, only 3 percent of global climate change literature i...

Background Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a highly polyphagous invasive pest worldwide. It is also known to be a nuisance pest as it enters artificial structures, including human habitats, to overwinter and releases very unpleasant odours when disturbed. Overwintering populations can be trapp...

In the original publication [...]

Here we proposed a grape disease identification model based on improved YOLOXS (GFCD-YOLOXS) to achieve real-time detection of grape diseases in field conditions. We build a dataset of 11,056 grape disease images in 15 categories, based on 2566 original grape disease images provided by the State Key Laboratory of Plant Pest Biology data center afte...

Insects are currently subjected to unprecedented thermal stress due to recent increases in the frequency and amplitude of temperature extremes. Understanding molecular responses to thermal stress is critically important to appreciate how species react to thermal stress. Three co-occurring cosmopolitan species are found within the guild of cereal ap...

A single critical thermal limit is often used to explain and infer the impact of climate change on geographic range and population abundance. However, it has limited application in describing the temporal dynamic and cumulative impacts of extreme temperatures. Here, we used a thermal tolerance landscape approach to address the impacts of extreme th...

How to predict animals' heat-avoidance behaviors is critical since behavior stands the first line for animals dealing with frequent heat events under ongoing climate warming. However, the discrepancy between the scarcity of research on heat-avoidance behaviors and the commonness of eco-physiological data for thermal tolerance and for thermal sensit...

One method to study the impact of climate change on host-parasitoid relationships is to compare populations along geographical gradients in latitude, altitude or longitude. Indeed, temperatures, which vary along geographic gradients directly shape the life traits of parasitoids and indirectly shift their populations through trophic interactions wit...

Simple Summary The global trade system is contributing to the spread of invasive species, like the raisin moth (Cadra figulilella), causing significant damage to agriculture and the environment, as well as stored food products. The potential distribution of the raisin moth may become even more widespread due to climate change. We newly assessed the...

BACKGROUND Understanding where species occur using species distribution models has become fundamental to ecology. Although much attention has been paid to invasive species, questions about climate change related range shifts of widespread insect pests remain unanswered. Here, we incorporated bioclimatic factors and host plant availability into CLIM...

Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms of threats to species preservation, as...

Pathosystems often involve two or more insect vector species; their positive or negative interactions may play key roles in plant pathogen transmission. Although climate warming likely causes changes in interactions among insect vectors by altering their demographics and behaviors, the mechanistic links between climate warming, insect vectors’ inte...

Laboratory insect rearing provides well-developed tested insects for research in general biology, pest science and development of pest management technology and products. The effects of environmental conditions on various traits in laboratory populations are often extrapolated to field populations; for example, the thermal performances of laborator...

Abstract: Living organisms should be able to endure increased mean temperature and temperature variations under con�text of global warming. Jensen’s inequality predicts that the performance of an organism under fluctuating temperature conditions is inferior to that under the equivalent constant temperature condition when the mean temperature approa...

Simple Summary This study assesses the putative association between the chronic and acute thermal tolerance of cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) and the abundance of their bacterial symbionts. Thermal tolerance indices were determined for 5-day-old apterous aphid individuals and were associated with the aphid-specific a...

Global pest invasions have significantly increased in recent years. These invasions together with climate warming directly impact agriculture. Tropical climates feature extreme weather events, including high temperatures and seasonal droughts. Thus, successful invasive pests in tropics have to adapt to these extreme climate features. The intrinsic...

List> ● An overview of impacts of climate change on wheat and rice crops. ● A review on impacts of climate change on insect pests and fungal pathogens of wheat and rice. ● A selection of adaptation strategies to mitigate impacts of climate change on crop production and pest and disease management. Ongoing climate change is expected to have impa...

Climate change facilitates biological invasions globally. Predicting potential distribution shifts of invasive crop pests under climate change is essential for global food security in the context of ongoing world population increase. However, existing predictions often omit the capacity of crop pests to mitigate the impacts of climate change by usi...

Temperatures are increasing globally, but this increase is not symmetrical; instead, night‐time minimum air temperatures increase faster than daytime maximum temperatures. However, we still know little about when and how this differential increase in maximum versus minimum air temperatures affects ecological interactions between species. Understand...

In the last decade, unexpected high temperatures have been frequent in spring and early summer. Numerous studies have shown that such thermal stress has substantial effects on life‐history traits that influence fitness of insects, but few have examined expression dynamics of heat shock proteins (Hsps) across developmental stages, especially as rega...

Although climate warming can increase both mean temperature and its variability, it is often the effects of climate warming on short periods of extreme temperatures that are expected to have particularly large physiological and ecological consequences. Understanding the vulnerability of organisms at various latitudes to climate extremes is thus cri...

Climate warming is largely attributed to a substantial increase in nighttime rather than in daytime temperatures. However, previous studies concerning the warming effects on species and interspecific interactions mainly focus on changes in average or daytime temperature. Night warming is often overlooked in climate change studies. Importantly, the...

Although thermal variability is known to influence the performance of ectotherms, there is limited information on the influence of variation in diurnal temperature range (DTR) during early developmental stages. Here we test variation in DTR ( ±0 °C, ±4 °C, ±6 °C, ±8 °C, ±10 °C and±12 °C) with a constant mean temperature (25 °C) on the larval stage...

Honeybee populations in Côte d’Ivoire have been previously identified as belonging to one subspecies, Apis mellifera scutellata, but other studies have since reported a mixed population consisting of A. m. adansonii and A. m. jemenitica. The population structure and the geographic distribution of honeybees in Côte d’Ivoire remain unclear. This stud...

BACKGROUND Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and there is growing interest in their impact on pest organisms. Previous work indicates that effects depend on the timing of the stress event, whose impact needs to be characterized across the full set of developmental stages and exposure periods of an organism. Here, we undertake such a detailed as...

Organisms often experience adverse high temperatures during the daytime, but they may also recover or repair themselves during the night-time when temperatures are more moderate. Thermal effects of daily fluctuating temperatures may thus be divided into two opposite processes (i.e. negative effects of daytime heat stress and positive effects of nig...

This study evaluated the pathogenicity of indigenous soil isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains, applied without and along with 1.0% MgCl 2 salt, to Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Toxicity and effect of Bt isolate on larval development (weight) were assessed using in vitro bioassays. Six concentrations of the tested...

Mealybugs (Hemiptera; Pseudococcidae) are one of the noxious sucking pests infesting ornamental and horticulture crops including citrus. It is emerging as a severe threat to citrus industry in Indo-Pak region. This study determined in-vitro toxicity of different botanical extracts viz; neem (Azadirachta indica), sour orange (Citrus aurantium), swee...

Global climate warming has been exerting impacts on agricultural pests. Pests also take some strategies to adapt to climate change. Understanding such adaptation could benefit more accurate predictions and integrated management of pest. However, adaptation to climate change has not been widely investigated in agricultural pests but has been well do...

Thermoregulatory behaviours are of great importance for ectotherms buffering against the impact of temperature extremes. Such behaviours bring not only benefits but also organism level costs such as decreased food availability and foraging efficiency and thus lead to energetic costs and metabolic consequences. However, there remains an important ga...

Sitobion avenae is one of the most damaging pest in wheat crops,widely distributed in China.Understanding the general spatiotemporal dynamic of S. avenae is helpful to determine the necessity and application time of pesticide over wide range and benefical to integrated control. We used the nonparameter method to compare the difference of Peak Day,P...

Edaphic invertebrate fauna is usually exposed directly or indirectly to a wide range of pesticides in agroecosystems worldwide. Very few studies have assessed the negative effects of these pesticides on the diversity and population dynamics of soil invertebrates. In this study, the effect of most commonly used pesticides viz; bifenthrin (a syntheti...

Climate change has led to a substantial increase in intensity and duration of heat waves worldwide. Predicting the ecological impacts of hot events should incorporate both immediate and potential carry-over effects in different intensities of heat waves. Previous studies suggested that higher heat dose in early life stage of insect generally decrea...

Direct damage of increased solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) on organism fitness has attracted attention due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Although most ectotherms are not capable of detecting and avoiding solar UVB, they may avoid direct exposure to solar UVB via thermoregulation behavior. However, it is still not clear whether organisms are harmed by...

Heat waves are increasing with global warming and have more dramatic biological effects on organisms in natural and agricultural ecosystems than mean temperature increase. However, predicting the impact of future heat waves on organisms and ecosystems is challenging because we still have a limited understanding of how the different components that...

Thermal stress at one life stage can affect fitness at a later stage in ectotherms with complex life cycles. Most relevant studies have focused on extreme stress levels, but here we also show substantial fitness effects in a moth when pupae are exposed to a relatively mild and sublethal heat stress. We consider the impact of a 35°C heat stress of 2...

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is one of notorious insect pests of citrus plants that acts as a putative vector of Huanglongbin (citrus greening) disease all over the world. This study evaluated the comparative entomopathogenicity of three important fungi, i.e. Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorose...

To seek sufficient resources for growth, survival and reproduction, most insect species must tackle host selection problems. The development, survivorship and fecundity of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) on apricot Prunus armeniaca L., plum Prunus salicina L., nectarine Prunus persica var. nectarina L. Batsch, peach Prunus persic...

Climate warming provides a challenge for small insects persisting in cold seasons through diapause because they fail to accumulate and maintain adequate reserves to complete this stage successfully. One way of understanding this challenge is to follow physiological changes in these insects under higher temperatures, including the consumption and al...

An increase in global mean temperature leads to a substantial increase in the magnitude, frequency and duration of extreme high-temperature events, which result in profound impacts on organisms and ecosystems. Previous studies on the effects of climate warming on insect populations mainly focus on the changes in temperature means, rather than in te...

Heat shock protein gene (Hsp) families are thought to be important in thermal adaptation, but their expression patterns under various thermal stresses have still been poorly characterized outside of model systems. We have therefore characterized Hsp genes and their stress responses in the oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta, a widespread...

The frequency and duration of periods with high temperatures are expected to increase under global warming. Thus, even short-lived organisms are increasingly likely to experience periods of hot temperatures at some point of their life-cycle. Despite recent progress, it remains unclear how various temperature experiences during the life-cycle of org...

For some insect groups, wing outline is an important character for species identification. We have constructed a program as the integral part of an automated system to identify insects based on wing outlines (DAIIS). This program includes two main functions: (1) outline digitization and Elliptic Fourier transformation and (2) classifier model train...

The small heat shock protein (sHsp) family is thought to play an important role in protein refolding and signal transduction, and thereby protect organisms from stress. However little is known about sHsp function and conservation across phylogenies. In the current study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of small Hsp genes and their stress resp...

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological,...

Organisms in natural environments experience diel temperature fluctuations rather than constant temperatures, including sporadic extreme conditions. Studies based mainly on model organisms have tended to focus on responses to average temperatures or short-term heat stress, which overlooks the potential impact of daily fluctuations including stressf...

Hot days in summer (involving a few hours at particularly high temperatures) are expected to become more common under climate change. How such events at different life stages affect survival and reproduction remains unclear in most organisms. Here, we investigated how an exposure to 40 °C at different life stages in the global insect pest, Plutella...

Abstract: 【Objective】Ryanodine receptor (RyR), the target of diamide insecticides, is the largest known iron channel protein. The receptor is the key to the stabilization of Ca 2+ by regulating the release of Ca 2+ in cell. The objectives of this study are to isolate the cDNA of ryanodine receptor from the peach fruit moth Carponsina sasakii (CsRyR...

【Aim】 Diurnal temperature fluctuation has very important influences on the development, survival, reproduction and longevity of insects. Previous researches have focused on constant temperature. The constant temperature design is unable to reflect the diurnal temperature fluctuation in the nature, and can not quantitatively analyze the difference b...

Climate warming is expected to increase the exposure of insects to hot events (involving a few hours at extreme high temperatures). These events are unlikely to cause widespread mortality but may modify population dynamics via impacting life history traits such as adult fecundity and egg hatching. These effects and their potential impact on populat...

A novel approach of function mining algorithm based on co-evolutionary gene expression programming (GEP-DE) which combines gene expression programming (GEP) and differential evolution (DE) was proposed in this paper. GEP-DE divides the function mining process of each generation into 2 phases: in the first phase, GEP focuses on determining the struc...

Abstract In this paper, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. The mitogenome was mainly consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 large noncoding regions. The 15,180-bp mitogenome with a high A + T content (84.22%) was arranged in the same gene order as that of the ancestral...

Although effects of thermal stability on eggs have often been considered in vertebrates, there is little data thermal stability in insect eggs even though these eggs are often exposed in nature to widely fluctuating ambient conditions. The modularity of development in invertebrates might lead to compensation across life cycle stages but this remain...

A novel approach of function mining algorithm based on co-evolutionary gene expression programming (GEP-DE) which combines gene expression programming (GEP) and differential evolution (DE) was proposed in this paper. GEP-DE divides the function mining process of each generation into 2 phases: in the first phase, GEP focuses on determining the struc...

【Aim】 To reveal the effects of autumn warming on cold tolerance of the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, a series of physiological parameters of larvae of the moth during diapause induction were investigated. 【Methods】 By using climatic chambers, the diapause of larvae of C. sasakii was induced under 9 alternating temperature regimes,...

The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta Busck is one of the major fruit tree pest insects which lay their eggs on the leaves of peach young shoots. In order to find out the roles of the host colour in oviposition orientation, we conducted a comparative study to reveal effects of 12 different colours (red, pink, light pink, orange yellow,...

An asymmetric increase in night‐time temperatures ( NT s) on hot days is one of the main features of global climate change. But the biological effects of an increased night‐time temperature combined with high daytime temperature are unclear. We used six thermal regimens to simulate NTs on hot days and investigated the effects of night warming on li...

Extremely hot events (usually involving a few hours at extreme high temperatures in summer) are expected to increase in frequency in temperate regions under global warming. The impact of these events is generally overlooked in insect population prediction, since they are unlikely to cause widespread mortality, however reproduction may be affected b...

To understand the influence of different apple varieties on the development and reproduction of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), age-stage two-sex life tables of P. ulmi on 'Fuji,' 'Starkrimson Delicious,' 'Golden Delicious,' and 'Granny Smith' varieties were constructed under laboratory conditions at 23 +/- 1 d...

As cruciferous plants have been cultivated northwards due to climate warming, diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella is becoming a major pest in North China. The long distance migration of DBM not only induces its sudden outbreak over extensive areas, but also leads to its insecticide resistance by the spread of resistant genes in large area. T...

The use of light traps for controlling insect pests is restricted since they kill both pests and beneficial insects. It may be a possible to reduce the numbers of beneficial insects trapped by adjusting nightly trapping time based on differences recorded in the timing of the nocturnal flight peaks of target pests and beneficials. To test this, inse...

By combining the application mode of several effective differential mutation strategies, a novel DE algorithm (ANMSDE) is proposed. First, with population evolution, population individuals are divided into three groups by the normal distribution of population fitness, and the three groups adopt different mutation operators. Second, a random method...

Diamondback moth Plutella xylostella is a worldwide important pest on cruciferous vegetables. Critical thermal maximum (CTMax) is often used as an index for the thermal tolerance of insects. By the method of dynamic heating, this paper measured the CTMax of P. xylostella in a self-assembled device, and studied the effects of development stage, rear...

An aphid usually stays at one feeding site for a long time to achieve its development and reproduction, while high temperatures can make it decide to escape from heat stress. Climate warming increases daily high-temperature both in degree and time. However, it remains unknown whether such heat-escape behavior will be influenced by those daily tempe...

Trichogramma dendrolimi can be successfully reproduced in fresh eggs dissected from ovaries of the Chinese tussah silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) and is widely used in biological control of lepidopteran agricultural and forest pests in China. Diapause induction of T. dendrolimi in A. pernyi eggs was investigated through exposing the parasitoid to six c...

The rose grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the three most important cereal aphid species in Europe. High temperature is detrimental for the survival of this species. Detailed experiments were conducted on the effect of high temperature (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 31.5, 32.5, 33 and 34°C), period of exposure (2,...

Based on the population of root knot nematode in soil, degree of root knot and growth and yield of cucumber, this paper studied on control effect of soil solarization by black plastic film mulching on root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of cucumber. Results showed that the population of root knot nematode in solarized soil at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15...

To explore the feasibility to control the tobacco whitefly (TWF), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) using repellent properties of plant, three experiments were conducted under various conditions: (1) The host preference of B. tabaci among cucumber Cucumis sativus L., cauliflower Brassica oleracea L., rape Brassica campestris L. and lettuce Lactuca sativa...

Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the three most important cereal aphid species in Germany and central European countries. High temperature is known to play a detrimental role in the reproduction and survival of aphids. Detailed experiments were conducted to assess the effects of high temperatures (27, 29, 31, and 33...