Chuan-Chao Wang

Fudan University · School of Life Sciences

Archaeogenetic studies have described the formation of Eurasian ‘steppe ancestry’ as a mixture of Eastern and Caucasus hunter-gatherers. However, it remains unclear when and where this ancestry arose and whether it was related to a horizon of cultural innovations in the 4th millennium BCE that subsequently facilitated the advance of pastoral societ...

The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE – 1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and...

The study of southwest China is vital for understanding the dispersal and development of farming because of the coexistence of millet and rice in this region since the Neolithic period. 1 ,2 However, the process of the Neolithic transition in southwest China is largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of ancient DNA from the Neolithic period. Here,...

The Central Plain of China was the main birthplace of Chinese civilization in Neolithic times. However, this region had experienced turbulent regime change, perpetual war within countries, and the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians during the last 3,000 years. Whether the dynamic changes have influenced the population demography in the Central Plain r...

The expansion of Han culture into southwest China via demic or cultural diffusion remains debated owing to the lack of ancient genomes from historical periods in southwest China. Here, we reported 99 ancient human genomes from the Songshan site with Han cultural influence in the eastern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau dated from the Song to Qing dynasties (...

The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Central Plain. However, the extent to which Y-chromosome genetic legacies from nomadic emperor-related ancestral lineages influence the Chi...

Background Ancient Chang’an in the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) was one of the world’s largest and most populated cities and acted as the eastern end of the world-famous Silk Road. However, little is known about the genetics of Chang’an people and whether the Western Regions-related gene flows have been prevalent in this cosmopolitan city. Results He...

The population history of the northern coastal Chinese is largely unknown due to the lack of ancient human genomes from the Neolithic to historical periods. In this study, we reported 14 newly generated ancient genomes from Linzi, one of China’s densely populated and economically prosperous cities from the Zhou to Han Dynasties. The ancient samples...

X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) are crucial in forensic applications, particularly in complex kinship cases, and play an important role in population genetics. However, there is limited data on X-STR variation in Pakistani populations, especially among ethnic groups like Kashmiri and Punjabi. Methodology: This study investigates the for...

Genomic sources from China are underrepresented in the population-specific reference database. We performed whole-genome sequencing or genome-wide genotyping on 1207 individuals from six ethnolinguistic groups (1081 Sinitic, 56 Mongolic, 40 Turkic, and 30 Tibeto-Burman people) living in North China included in the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversi...

The peopling history of the Yellow River remained largely unexplored due to the limited number of ancient genomes analyzed from this region. Here, we reported genome-wide data of nine individuals belonging to middle Neolithic Yangshao culture and Late Neolithic Longshan culture from Yangshaocun, the first excavated site that discovered Yangshao cul...

The peopling history of the Neolithic transition in the lower Yellow River remains unexplored mainly due to a lack of ancient genomes analyzed from this region. Here, we report 21 ancient genomes associated with the Dawenkou culture, the key point shifting from hunting and gathering to farming from the Jiaojia archaeological site. Our analysis of t...

The Yellow River Delta played a vital role in the development of the Neolithic civilization of China. However, the population history of this region from the Neolithic transitions to the present remains poorly understood due to the lack of ancient human genomes. This especially holds for key Neolithic transitions and tumultuous turnovers of dynasti...

不少人都曾萌生这样的问题：我们是谁、从哪里来？这不单单是人们心里的困惑，也是考古学在努力回答的科学命题。

Cave burial has been prevalent in southern China for thousands of years since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (3600 − 2200 BP). The population history and the genetic contribution of cave burial groups to the formation of present-day southern minorities are largely unknown due to the lack of ancient genomic data. Here, we present the genomic data from...

China’s Northern and Southern Dynasties period (3rd-6th centuries AD) marked a significant era of ethnic integration in northern China. However, previous ancient DNA studies have primarily focused on northern ethnic groups, with limited research on the genetic formation of the hereditary elite family, especially considering their abundant archaeolo...

Shandong province, located in the Lower Yellow River, is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. However, the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a lack of ancient human genomes. Here, we present 21 ancient genomes from Shandong dating from the Warring States period to the Ji...

本书收录的是广西民族大学民族学与社会学院在2020年10月至12月举办的“百川交汇”主题学术论坛“民族学研究前沿系列讲座”共10场讲座的内容。涉及情感民族志、海外民族研究、古DNA人类学、人类世研究、宗族研究新范式以及中华民族共同体研究等民族学、人类学研究主题。涵盖了近年来学术界关注的前沿研究领域，既涉及民族学、人类学的几个主要研究转向，也涉及跨学科的研究前沿成果，尤其是利用古DNA追溯人类起源迁徙和演化的历史和对人类世的关注这两场讲座。

Large-scale genomic projects and ancient DNA innovations have ushered in a new paradigm for exploring human evolutionary history. However, the genetic legacy of spatiotemporally diverse ancient Eurasians within Chinese paternal lineages remains unresolved. Here, we report an integrated Y-chromosome genomic database encompassing 15,563 individuals f...

The impetus behind the development of various Chinese dialects is as yet unknown. In a comprehensive quantitative coanalysis of linguistic and genetic data across China, Yang et al. find evidence to suggest that demographic diffusion, cultural diffusion and linguistic assimilation all contributed to the expansive diversity of Chinese dialects.

The linguistic, historical, and subsistent uniqueness of Hmong-Mien (HM) speakers offers a wonderful opportunity to investigate how these factors impact the genetic structure. The genetic differentiation among HM speakers and their population history are not well characterized. Here, we generate genome-wide data from 65 Yao ethnicity samples and an...

Ancient genomics has revolutionized our understanding of human evolution and migration history in recent years. Here, we present a protocol to prepare samples for ancient genomics research. We describe steps for releasing DNA from human remains, DNA library construction, hybridization capture, quantification, and sequencing. We then detail procedur...

Pathogen‒host adaptative interactions and complex population demographical processes, including admixture, drift, and Darwen selection, have considerably shaped the Neolithic-to-Modern Western Eurasian population structure and genetic susceptibility to modern human diseases. However, the genetic footprints of evolutionary events in East Asia remain...

Emperor Wu (武帝, Wudi) of the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty, named Yuwen Yong (宇文邕, 543–578 CE), was a highly influential emperor who reformed the system of regional troops, pacified the Turks, and unified the northern part of the country. His genetic profile and physical characteristics, including his appearance and potential diseases, have gar...

The Austroasiatic (AA) languages are a large language family in Mainland Southeast and South Asia. Theoretical, methodological, and material constraints have limited research on the origin and dispersal of AA-speaking populations within historical-comparative linguistics. With the deepening of archaeological and genetic studies, interdisciplinary c...

Background The underrepresentation of human genomic resources from Southern Chinese populations limited their health equality in the precision medicine era and complete understanding of their genetic formation, admixture, and adaptive features. Besides, linguistical and genetic evidence supported the controversial hypothesis of their origin process...

The Sui people living in Guizhou province have a unique ethnic culture and population history due to their long-time isolation from other populations. To investigate the genetic structure of Sui populations in different regions of Guizhou, we genotyped 89 individuals from four Sui populations using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms arrays...

跨学科研究已经成为科学创新最常见的手段与方法，是高水平科研的重要特征。对于人类历史的研究可以利用语言学、遗传学、考古学方面的知识。通过考古学和语言学的研究可以追溯人群及语言、文化的演变，而通过DNA溯源可以追踪人群血缘的演替。这三个领域的结合为比较研究人群文化和基因动态变化的过程提供了新方法和新思路，可以丰富我们对于族群整体历史的认知。 中国西北甘青地区位于丝绸之路的核心地带，是研究人群遗传混合和语言接触的绝佳场所。基于欧洲研究委员会资助的重大项目，本书主编之一法国语言学者徐丹院士和国内外从事语言学、遗传学和考古学的一线青年学者合作，组成中外跨学科的联合团队，共同探究西北地区人群遗传混合和语言接触的关系。核心成员已经合作了近十年。在徐丹院士申请的法国项目（语言和基因是否匹配———以中国西北为...

南岛语族的起源问题一直备受关注，语言学与考古学的学者都从自己的专业领域，运用不同的方法与资料提出了诸多南岛语族起源假说，生物学相关技术方法也开始应用于解决南岛语族起源和演化相关问题。通过Y染色体和线粒体DNA谱系分析，台湾南岛语族遗传上可追溯至华南地区，与侗台人群同源，也有发现波利尼西亚人群与大陆东南族群的遗传联系。通过直接对大陆东南沿海、台湾和大洋洲不同时期考古遗址中的古人DNA分析，发现台湾古代人群和现代南岛语族都和福建古代人群和华南侗台语人群有着最近的亲缘关系，为南岛语族起源于大陆东南沿海提供了直接证据。

The Hui people are the second-largest ethnic minority in China, and they are distributed throughout the country. A previous study explored the paternal genetic structure of the Hui population in nine different regions of China, but it overlooked the Liaoning province. In this study, we examined the paternal genetic makeup and forensic traits of the...

Sino-Tibetan is the most prominent language family in East Asia. Previous genetic studies mainly focused on the Tibetan and Han Chinese populations. However, due to the sparse sampling, the genetic structure and admixture history of Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations in the low-altitude region of Southwest China still need to be clarified. We colle...

The West Liao River (WLR) and Yellow River (YR) basins are two major centers of millet farming in northern China. The result from flotation analyses and the spatial distribution of archeological sites indicate that two distinct survival strategies-agriculture and pastoralism were adopted in the southern and western regions of the WLR. Previous stud...

南岛语族起源与扩散是自南岛语族以语言共同体方法被“识别”后最为关注的问题，不同学者先后提出了新几内亚说、马来说、台湾说和大陆说，综合南岛语族相关考古学文化及其人群关系进行论证，才能够更加确切、准确地为南岛语族的起源与扩散提供多学科证据链。考古学研究中以“亚洲东南海洋地带”和“农业-语言/族群共扩散”理论勾画的南岛先民自华南大陆沿海地区向台湾、东南亚和太平洋群岛的迁徙路线证实了“南岛-壮侗一体”所见的史前华南土著族群的同源关系和南岛语族的大陆起源性与海洋性扩散。古基因组学则从人群遗传结构层面很好地印证了古今南岛语人群紧密的遗传连续性和考古学研究观察到的“南岛-壮侗一体”；并进一步发现华北粟黍农业人群、长江下游稻作农业人群和亚洲东南海岸线采集-渔猎人群共同塑造了南岛-壮侗人群，并经台湾至菲律宾和...

Tibeto-Burman (TB) people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic, cold, and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period. However, the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people, as well...

The southward expansion of East Asian farmers profoundly influenced the social evolution of Southeast Asia by introducing cereal agriculture. However, the timing and routes of cereal expansion in key regions are unclear due to limited empirical evidence. Here we report macrofossil, microfossil, multiple isotopic (C/N/Sr/O) and paleoproteomic data d...

Ancient DNA advances have reported the complex genetic history of Eurasians, but how the knowledge of ancient subsistence strategy shifts and population movements influenced the fine-scale paternal genetic structure in East Asia has not been assessed. Here, we reported one integrated Y-chromosome genomic database of 15,530 people, including 1753 an...

Ancient DNA advances have reported the complex genetic history of Eurasians, but how the knowledge of ancient subsistence strategy shifts and population movements influenced the fine-scale paternal genetic structure in East Asia has not been assessed. Here, we reported one integrated Y-chromosome genomic database of 15,530 people, including 1753 an...

根据“农业—语言共扩散”假说，农业发展是推动语言扩散的主要动力之一。世界上许多语系早期的传播是由于当时的人群采用了农耕的生产方式，农业增长带动了人口增加，推动早期农民及其语言迁徙至更广阔的领域。该假说在东亚地区的适用性如何?对东亚主要语系(族)扩散与农业发展关系的语言学、考古学和遗传学跨学科研究文献的评议表明，“农业—语言共扩散”假说对东亚地区主要语系(族)——汉藏语、侗台语、苗瑶语、南岛语和南亚语的起源与扩散具有一定解释力，但假说本身也存在局限性。有关“农业—语言共扩散”假说是否适用于泛欧亚语的形成与传播，学术界还存在较大争议。该假说在使用前需要考虑气候环境、地理条件、语言接触史等因素的影响。多学科的证据展现了“农业—语言共扩散”假说在东亚地区的解释力，也深化了我们对东亚语系扩散时间及路径...

Pathogen-host adaptative interaction and complex population demographical processes, including admixture, drift and Darwen selection, have considerably shaped the Neolithic-to-Modern Western Eurasian population structure and genetic susceptibility to modern human diseases. However, the genetic footprints of evolutionary events in East Asia keep unk...

Tibeto-Burman (TB) people have tried to adapt to the hypoxic, cold and high-UV high-altitude Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposure in the lowland wet and hot rainforest since the late Paleolithic period. However, the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB people and their interaction mechanis...

Background Yungui Plateau in Southwest China is characterized by multi-language and multi-ethnic communities and is one of the regions with the wealthiest ethnolinguistic, cultural and genetic diversity in East Asia. There are numerous Tai-Kadai (TK)-speaking populations, but their detailed evolutionary history and biological adaptations are still...

Southwest China is vital for understanding the dispersal and development of farming because of the coexistence of millet and rice in this region since the Neolithic. However, the process of the Neolithic transition in southwest China is largely unknown due to the lack of ancient DNA from the Neolithic period. Here we report genome-wide data from 11...

Chinese Tajiks are an Indo-Iranian-speaking population in Xinjiang, northwest China. Although the complex demographic history has been characterized, the ancestral sources and genetic admixture of Indo-Iranian-speaking groups in this region remain poorly understood. We here provide the genome-wide genotyping data for over 700 000 single-nucleotide...

Objectives: Xinjiang plays a vital role in the trans-Eurasian population migration, language diffusion, and culture and technology exchange. However, the underrepresentation of Xinjiang’s genomes has hindered a more comprehensive understanding of Xinjiang's genetic structure and population history. Materials and methods: We collected and genotyped...

Recently, Worobey et al. (2022) published a report with the title “The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic” that succinctly summarizes their study. A pre-print version of this study had earlier elicited a series of high-profile media coverages. All these reports deliver a social-political messag...

Background: The underrepresentation of human genomic resources from southern Chinese populations limited their health equality in the precision medicine era and complete understanding of their genetic formation, admixture and adaptive features. Besides, linguistical and genetic evidence supported the controversial hypothesis of their origin process...

The complex peopling processes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and host environments of highland East Asians shaped the mystery of the origin and biological highland adaptive signatures of modern Tibeto-Burman people. After sequencing 46 modern individuals from four Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations and genotyping 1200 individuals from 65 Sino-Tibetan...

2022 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典科学家斯 万特·帕博(Svante Pääbo) ，以表彰他在已灭绝古人类 基因组和人类演化领域中的贡献。 自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，帕博就致力于从遗传学角度探索人类演化历史。 从发表已灭绝的古人类尼安德特人的全基因组草图，到通过古 DNA 发现 从未被识 别的已灭 绝古人类-丹尼索瓦人， 帕博从古人类遗骸中提取 DNA 并测序，为理解古人类关系提供了一种比形态学更准确有效的方 法，突破了以往 对人类演化史的认知，通过比较现代人 与已灭绝古人类的基因差异和联系，揭示"我们与已灭 绝古人类有什么关系" ，创造性地回答了 "我们因何为人" 这个看似天方夜谭的命题，也将现代人类的"晚近非洲 起源说"修正为"晚近非洲起源且附带杂交说" 。 经过 30多年...

We have unveiled the first genomic profile of the ancient Türkic royal family and Chinese historical celebrities. Our genomic analyses of Empress Ashina revealed Göktürk's Northeast Asian origin (97.7% Northeast Asian ancestry and 2.3% West Eurasian ancestry), refuting the western Eurasian origin and multiple origin hypotheses. We found Ashina shar...

Background: Yungui Plateau in Southwest China is characterized by multi-language and multi-ethnic communities and is one of the regions with the richest ethnolinguistic, cultural and genetic diversity in East Asia. There are numerous Tai-Kadai (TK)-speaking populations, but their detailed evolutionary history and biological adaptations are still un...

Background The fine-scale genetic profiles and population history of Manchus and Koreans remain unclear. Aim To infer a fine-scale genetic structure and admixture of Manchu and Korean populations. Subjects and methods We collected and genotyped 16 Manchus from Liaoning and 18 Koreans from Jilin province with about 700K genome-wide SNPs. We analys...

2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的获奖者是著名生物学家、进化遗传学家斯万特•帕博(Svante Pääbo)。他通过研究已灭绝古人类的基因组，对探索人类演化作出了巨大贡献。文章介绍帕博及其团队关于尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的研究和发现，以及古DNA领域近30年的发展和最新成果。

Objectives The culturally unique Sanya Hui (SYH) people are considered descendants of ancient Cham people in Central Vietnam and exhibit a scenario of complex migration and admixture history. We aimed to characterize the genetic structure, origin, and admixture history of SYH people and explore the effect of the cultural admixture from Central/Sout...

17 Y-chromosomal STRs which are part of the Yfiler Amplification Kit were investigated in 493 unrelated Pakistani individuals belonging to the Punjabi, Sindhi, Baloch, and Pathan ethnic groups. We have assessed the forensic parameters and population genetic structure for each group. Among the 493 unrelated individuals from four ethnic groups (128 B...

The linguistic, historical, and subsistent uniqueness of Hmong-Mien (HM) speakers offers a wonderful opportunity to investigate how these factors impact the genetic structure. Nevertheless, the genetic differentiation among HM-speaking populations and the formation process behind are far from well characterized in previous studies. Here, we generat...

A high point of Tibetan Plateau (TP) civilization, the expansive Tubo Empire (618–842 AD) wielded great influence across ancient western China. However, whether the Tubo expansion was cultural or demic remains unclear due to sparse ancient DNA sampling. Here we reported ten ancient genomes at 0.017- to 0.867-fold coverages from the Dulan site with...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760760.].

以碳十四测年技术的运用为标志的考古学第一次科学革命始于20世纪中叶，该技术可以确定物体的绝对年代，改变了只能以层位关系判定相对年代的局面。古DNA技术尤其是近十年高通量测序技术的发展，使得重建古人基因组序列成为现实，古基因组学研究取得重要进展，带来考古学的第二次科学革命。此前的考古学多基于类型学对器物等实物资料进行分期比较，但对创造这些考古学文化的人群所知相对较少，大多通过颅骨形态差异辨别不同人种。古DNA技术帮助建立起人类生物谱系，可与考古学以往建立的文化谱系对应起来。此外，古DNA技术可以帮助解答考古学的传统难题，如识别已灭绝的古老型人类，为现代人与古老型人类的遗传混合提供直接证据，追踪世界不同地区现代人史前迁徙融合事件，共同探索人类文明等。

Fine-scale patterns of population genetic structure and diversity of ethnolinguistically diverse populations are important for biogeographical ancestry inference, kinship testing, and development and validation of new kits focused on forensic personal identification. Analyses focused on forensic markers and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphis...

斯万特·帕博在一条寂寥的小路上探索出了广阔天地，没有他的执着和坚守，也就没有我们对人之为人、何以为人的深刻理解。

The genome-wide characteristics and admixture history of the Tai-Kadai-speaking populations are essential for understanding the population genetic diversity in southern China. We genotyped about 700,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 239 individuals from six Tai-Kadai-speaking populations residing in the mountainous Guizhou Province of s...

Variation in facial hair is one of the most conspicuous features of facial appearance, particularly in South Asia and Middle East countries. A genome-wide association study in Latin Americans has identified multiple genetic variants at distinct loci being associated with facial hair traits including eyebrow thickness, beard thickness, and monobrow....

Tibetan, one of the largest indigenous populations living in the high-altitude region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), has developed a suite of physiological adaptation strategies to cope with the extreme highland environment in TP. Here, we reported genome-wide SNP data from 48 Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and analyzed it with published data from 1,06...

人类史前历史研究有着多种方法，通过考古学研究人类活动留下的痕迹，通过语言学研究人类语言在语音、词汇、文法上的历时变化，而通过遗传学可以探究史前人群间的亲缘关系。近年来，考古、语言和遗传学多学科交叉与深度融合，推进了我们对人类起源、演化和迁徙等重大科学问题的认识。

Han/non-Han interactions were engrained among the border regions of ancient Imperial China. Yet, little is known about either the genetic origins or the lifeways of these border peoples. Our study applies tools from ancient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and stable isotope analysis to the study of a Han dynasty population at the Shichengzi site in mod...

The genetic history of Koreans remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA. A new paleo-genomic study shows that population stratification in 4th–5th century South Korean populations was linked to a varied proportion of indigenous Jomon-related ancestry, which does not survive in present-day Koreans.

Y chromosome short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) are important in many areas of human genetics. Y chromosomal STRs, being normally utilized in the field of forensics, exhibit low haplotype diversity in consanguineous populations and fail to discriminate among male relatives from the same pedigree. Rapidly mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STRs) have rec...

侗台语和南岛语的关系是研究东亚语言系属不可绕过的话题, 学者们从不同领域和视角论证支持或反对 “侗台- 南岛同源” 假说, 至今没有定论。 从考古学和遗传学相关资料来看, 侗台- 南岛语的祖先人群居住在新石器时代亚洲大陆东南部, 具有相似的物质文化, 随着汉藏语系人群向南迁徙和稻作农业的起源与发展, 侗台- 南岛语逐渐向南扩散, 同时发生了分化与替 换。 在公元前6000 年至公元前4000 年期间, 新石器时代的原始南岛语使用者从中国的水稻种植中心扩散到中国东南沿海和东南亚, 而中国古代侗台语人群则不断地受到了周边的苗瑶语人群以及南下的汉藏语人群的影响, 逐渐融合分化为现今的侗台语各族群。

Southern China is the birthplace of rice-cultivating agriculture and different language families and has also witnessed various human migrations that facilitated cultural diffusions. The fine-scale demographic history in situ that forms present-day local populations, however, remains unclear. To comprehensively cover the genetic diversity in East a...