Christos Dordas

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Verified

Christos verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• BSc, PhD
• Professor (Full) at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.) is a versatile and resilient plant with significant culinary, medicinal, and ecological value. This study evaluates the impact of four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha⁻¹) on the morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits, as well as vegetative indices, of rosemary over two growin...

The effect of the corm size of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and the planting density was determined on a field study for six years. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of the corm size and planting density on flower and stigma yields. Two corm sizes were used: corms with a diameter up to 2.5 cm and corms with a diameter gr...

The intensive agriculture that is used in many countries has led to a reduction in biodiversity and the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, it is important to increase the adoption of cropping systems with high biodiversity. The objectives of the present study were the following: 1. assess the performance and sustainability of novel highly...

Intensive agriculture has created several problems in cropping systems that threaten the sustainability of agricultural production. In order to design new cropping systems, a new approach is emerging to support the transition toward sustainable agriculture: a co-design and co-evaluation process that involves stakeholders in the agrifood chain. The...

The term intercropping is used to describe agricultural systems where at least two or more species are cultivated in the same field for a portion of their biological cycle. It is an ancient agricultural practice that, with the evolution of agriculture, the prevalence of intensive cultivation systems, and the use of multiple inputs became mostly res...

Agriculture today faces opposing challenges: reducing its environmental impacts while feeding a growing population and adapting to climate change. Diversification of cropping systems has been proposed as a solution to address these issues and promote sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. While alternatives have been proposed by research a...

Higher plants possess the ability to synthesize a great number of compounds with many different functions, known as secondary metabolites. Polyphenols, a class of flavonoids, are secondary metabolites that play a crucial role in plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic environments, including UV radiation, high light intensity, low/high temperat...

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important legume crop grown worldwide, especially under rainfed conditions. Faba beans require phosphorus (P) fertilization to maintain high N2 fixation rates and to obtain high yields. However, farmers in many countries use low quantities of P because of its cost and the risk of drought, which reduces the crop’s res...

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a member of the Labiatae family and is one of the most widely consumed aromatic and medicinal plants in many countries due to its numerous properties and uses. The objective of the study was to determine whether landraces are better adapted to water-limited environments compared to commercial cultivars. Irrigation lev...

Climate change and increased climate variability are significant contemporary issues and create new challenges for agriculture and the whole food production chain [...]

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture , including "multi-actor experimental networks" (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have...

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant with important properties and is used as an alternative crop in many countries of the world because of its medicinal, economic, industrial, and nutritional importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of low water availability on seed production and seed qu...

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have i...

Water stress is one of the most important yield constraints on crop productivity for many crops, and especially for maize, worldwide. In addition, climate change creates new challenges for crop adaptation as water stress appears even in areas where, until recently, there was an adequate water supply. The objective of the present study was to determ...

Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species in the same space for a considerable proportion of the growth period. Farmers use cultivars that were bred under monoculture and there are no cultivars that have been evaluated under intercropping systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate different cultivars of pea and w...

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops in the world and fertilization is the most important management practice which contributes to high yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different fertilizers on maize crop and their contribution to the carbon footprint. The experiments were conducted in a commercial...

Vicia sativa L. (common vetch) is an annual legume species of high economic and ecological importance which is characterized by high nutritive value for animal feeding and its ability to adapt to various edaphic–climatic conditions. However, limited information is available about genotypic and environmental effects on agronomic, nutritional, and an...

Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops species in the same space for a considerable proportion of the growth period. Intercropping has several advantages and is used in both traditional and sustainable agriculture. The objective of the present study was to study the interactions among different pea and wheat cultivars an...

Agricultural activities such as fertilization and other crop management techniques contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution; the cost of such activities is considerably high, with nitrogen pollution costing the EU up to 320 billion euros annually. In the present study, an integrated system has been proposed which utilizes smart farming...

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consist...

Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stab...

Development of high yielding and stable cultivars of various legume crops across different environments is very important for their adoption by farmers. In addition, climate change sets new challenges to major crop species and especially to grain legumes such as faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for adaptation to stressful environments. The present study f...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibits great adaptability to salt tolerance in marginal environments because of its great genetic diversity. Differences in main biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes, which could explain the different tolerance to soil salinity of 16 barley varieties, were examined during a two-year field experiment. The...

Intercropping is an old and commonly used agricultural practice and involves the cultivation of two or more crops in the same area of land at the same time and may improve yield, the use of the environmental resources, product quality, and soil health. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of water availability of wheat-pea int...

Faba bean is an important grain legume, grown for human consumption and animal feed and can be used as an alternative to soybean protein. Drought and heat strongly influence faba bean growth and production, especially in flowering and pod development stages. The aim of this study was to determine the response of six cultivars to different environme...

A multi-location (10) assessment network with field experiments was established in Greece in order to determine the most suitable locations/areas for high lentil (5 genotypes) yield and quality according to their special pedo-climatic conditions. All treatments were applied under conventional and organic farming in a RCB design. Monitoring of the m...

Water stress in one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects the productivity of many crop species worldwide. In addition, the climate change creates new challenges for crop adaptation especially as water resources become limited and the increase in water stress becomes more pronounced even in areas where there is adequate water supply....

Plant yield efficiency (PYE) reflects the ability of the single‐plant to respond to additional inputs and is fully expressed at the nil‐competition regime (an ultra‐low density to preclude inter‐plant interference for inputs). The purpose of this study was to determine if PYE could prevent the erratic optimum plant density–yield interaction effect...

Drought is one of the major yield constraints of crop productivity for many crops. In addition, nowadays, climate change creates new challenges for crop adaptation in stressful environments. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of water stress on five cultivars of basil (Mrs Burns, Cinnamon, Sweet, Red Rubin, Thai) and whe...

Data from molecular markers used for constructing dendrograms, which are based on genetic distances between different plant species, are encoded as binary data. For dendrograms’ construction, the most commonly used linkage method is the UPGMA in combination with the squared Euclidean distance. It seems that in this scientific field, this is the ‘go...

Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of plant species in the same field for a considerable proportion of their growing periods. Interest in intercropping for sustainable agriculture is on the rise and the number of scientific studies on intercropping is strongly increasing. Here we assess the current status of knowledge on factors that det...

Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of plant species in the same field for a considerable proportion of their growing periods. Interest in intercropping for sustainable agriculture is on the rise and the number of scientific studies on intercropping is strongly increasing. Here we assess the current status of knowledge on factors that det...

Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same area of land, and can improve yield, forage quality, and soil health. Despite the fact that intercropping is an old practice, it received significant attention the last years because of the environmental impact that it has. However, the effect of the various spatial arrangemen...

Systematic review has generally been accepted as an effective, more complete, repeatable, and less biased type literature review that can successfully lead to evidence-based conclusions. This study attempts to develop a framework for systematic review with guidelines on how to conduct an effective systematic review for agricultural research. System...

Data from molecular markers used for constructing dendrograms, which are based on genetic distances between different plant species, are encoded as binary data (0: absence of the band at the agarose gel, 1: the presence of the band at the agarose gel). For the construction of the dendrograms, the most commonly used linkage methods are the UPGMA (un...

Improvement for maize drought tolerance has always been a significant objective for breeders and plant mphysiologists. Nowadays, climate change sets new challenges to major crop adaptation at stressful environments. For such a purpose, the measurement of physiological traits related to maize response to drought might prove to be useful indices. The...

Three oat (Avena spp.) and three field pea [Pisum sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch.] cultivars were grown in pure stands and interspecific, binary mixtures under Mediterranean conditions for two growing seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13). The aim of the work was to identify traits contributing to the complementary use of soil nitrogen (N) and water in i...

Red pea–cereal intercropping could provide animal feed with agronomic and economic advantages. The growth rate, forage yield, quality, interspecific competition and financial outcome of intercrops of red pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) in two different seeding ratios (60:40, 80:20) were estimated...

Τα δεδομένα, τα οποία προέρχονται από μοριακούς δείκτες και χρησιμοποιούνται για την κατασκευή δενδρογραμμάτων βάσει γενετικών αποστάσεων μεταξύ διαφορετικών φυτικών ειδών, κωδικοποιούνται δυαδικά (0: απουσία ζώνης στην πηκτή αγαρόζης, 1: παρουσία ζώνης στην πηκτή αγαρόζης). Για την κατασκευή των δενδρογραμμάτων χρησιμοποιούνται κυρίως οι μέθοδοι τ...

Στις Βιολογικές Επιστήμες, η αλληλεπίδραση “ΓενότυποςχΠεριβάλλον, (GχE)” είναι πολύ σημαντικό να ελέγχεται καθώς ο φαινότυπος είναι έκφραση της επίδρασης του γενοτύπου, της επίδρασης του περιβάλλοντος και της αλληλεπίδρασης GχE. Οι οργανισμοί έχουν διαφορετική συμπεριφορά σε κάθε περιβάλλον, οπότε και δεν μπορούν να εξαχθούν ασφαλή συμπεράσματα για...

Reducing interspecies competition and enhancing complementarity through cultivar selection in intercrops is important for achieving sustainable intensification. Under Mediterranean conditions, pea-oat intercrop has shown high land-use efficiency (LER). Field experiments were established under rainfed conditions in two locations in Greece for two gr...

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrient for barley, and at the same time excessive N fertilization can have a negative impact on the environment. A two-year field study was conducted with the objective to determine the relationship of N Use Efficiency (NUE) and its components N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and N uptake efficiency (NUpE)...

(ΕΛ): Το πυρίτιο (Si) είναι ένα στοιχείο με ευεργετική δράση στις δομικές και φυσιολογικές λειτουργίες των φυτών. To Si συμβάλλει στην αντιμετώπιση των αβιοτικών και βιοτικών καταπονήσεων. Αρκετές μελέτες έχουν προτείνει ότι το Si ενεργοποιεί την άμυνα του φυτού, αλλά οι ακριβείς μηχανισμοί παραμένουν ασαφείς. Το Si μπορεί να αποτελέσει έναν ρυθμισ...

Plant-based diagnostic techniques such as chlorophyll meter (CM) readings and nitrogen (N) leaf concentration are used to determine the level of crop N nutrition, but research is limited on perennial crops and especially on aromatic and medicinal plants such as Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare spp. hirtum). The objectives of this study were to deter...

Soil salinity and water deficit are the most important abiotic factors affecting crop yield in many areas of the world and causing major reduction in crop yield. Therefore, it is important to find better breeding tools for the evaluation of germplasm under drought and salinity conditions which can contribute significantly to increasing crop yields...

Water stress is one of the most important environmental stresses around the world for many crop species and especially for maize. In addition, climate changes and increasing population pose serious challenges to crop improvement for increasing crop yield. Tolerance to drought is a complex quantitative trait controlled by several small effect genes...

Drought is a major cause of yield loss for many important crops including maize. Therefore, the development and release of drought tolerant varieties that will yield well under a broad range of environmental conditions is an important breeding goal. Several stress indices have been developed, aiming to assist identification and selection of stable,...

In the summer of 2012 in an area of Mount Falakron (Prefecture of Drama, Region of Eastern Macedonia, Northern Greece) at an altitude of 1450-1600 m., some Echium plants were found being clearly different from the so far recorded Echium species of the Greek flora. The taxonomy of these plants showed that they were members of the endangered species...

The aim of this study was the identification of genes whose expression levels correlate with improved adaptability in low irrigation conditions. In a field study, 31 inbred lines built on the ultra-low density hypothesis were granted at normal and water-stress regimes for grain yield and other physiological traits. Five high- and five low-performan...

(ΕΛ)- Οι διάφορες περιβαλλοντικές καταπονήσεις προκαλούν μεγάλες απώλειες στη γεωργία σε όλο τον κόσμο. Ως εκ τούτου, οι έρευνες που αποσκοπούν στην άμβλυνση των περιβαλλοντικών καταπονήσεων είναι ανάγκη να αξιοποιούνται πλήρως και κυρίως στην καθημερινή γεωργική πρακτική. Υπάρχουν διαθέσιμα πολλά ερευνητικά δεδομένα που δείχνουν ότι η χορήγηση του...

Hemoglobins (Hbs) are heme proteins that are found in most organisms and they have the property to react with O2, CO, and NO. Their structure, size, and function are quite diverse among the different organisms. In plants, three different types of hemoglobins were found: Symbiotic (sHb), nonsymbiotic (nsHb), and truncated hemoglobins (trHb). Nonsymb...

Plant yield efficiency reflects the single-plant yield at low-density that precludes interplant interference for resources. The role of plant yield efficiency in adaptation to water deficit conditions was investigated in maize (Zea mays L.). Also investigated was whether yield of space-planted environments is transferable to densely seeded situatio...

Red pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) is an underutilized protein crop with broad adaptability. Intercrops of red pea with winter cereals have not been studied. A two years field study was conducted with the objective to determine the productivity of intercropping systems of red pea with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) in...

(EL)-Το καλοκαίρι του 2012 σε περιοχή του ορεινού συγκροτήματος του όρους Φαλακρού της Δράμας και σε υψόμετρο 1.450-1.600 μ. διαπιστώθηκε η παρουσία φυτών του γένους Echium, με μορφολογία εμφανώς διαφορετική από τα γνωστά και καταγεγραμμένα είδη Echium στη χώρα μας. Η διερεύνηση της ταυτότητας του είδους επιχειρήθηκε με βάση τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηρ...

Conservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted as a major way forward to make agriculture sustainable by protecting soils from degradation processes. The focus of this chapter is on nutrient management in CA. Special attention is given to crop management and its effect on nutrient management with particular emphasis on the three major principles o...

(EL)-Το καλοκαίρι του 2012 σε περιοχή του ορεινού συγκροτήματος του όρους Φαλακρού της Δράμας και σε υψόμετρο 1.450-1.600 μ. διαπιστώθηκε η παρουσία φυτών του γένους Echium, με μορφολογία εμφανώς διαφορετική από τα γνωστά και καταγεγραμμένα είδη Echium στη χώρα μας. Η διερεύνηση της ταυτότητας του είδους επιχειρήθηκε με βάση τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηρ...

The negative relationship between the yield potential of a genotype and its competitive ability may constitute an obstacle to recognize outstanding genotypes within heterogeneous populations. This issue was investigated by growing six heterogeneous wheat landraces along with a pure-line commercial cultivar under both dense and widely spaced conditi...

Drought is a major yield constraint of crop productivity. Determining physiological traits involved in the response of common bean to drought stress could lead to improving drought tolerance. A two-year study (2008 and 2009) was carried out to determine the physiological traits that are associated with drought tolerance for maximum dry bean seed yi...

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereals worldwide and is being grown in many areas of the world. However, there is a lack of information about using the proper stress index to determine the tolerance of wheat cultivars to water stress. A two-year field study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect...

The present study aimed to investigate whether chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD) can be used as criterion of single-plant selection in maize breeding. Experimentation was performed at the ultra-low density of 0.74 plants/m 2 in order the potential yield per plant to be fully expressed. R-31 honeycomb experiments were conducted in three different ar...

Linseed or oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important source of edible and industrial vegetable oil and is grown widely in temperate regions around the world. Nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients for linseed, is often applied for higher yield and better quality. However, the effects of N level on dry matter and N accumulation, p...

Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των μορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών και των δημογραφικών παραμέτρων των αυτοφυών ειδών κρόκου (Crocus spp.), με στόχο την αξιολόγησή τους και τη διερεύνηση φυλογενετικών σχέσεων. Επιπρόσθετα, λόγω των κλιματικών και περιβαλλοντικών αλλαγών, καθώς και των απειλών από ανθρωπογενείς παράγοντες, που υφίσ...

Chicory is considered one of the alternatives crops that can be used in crop rotation and contains many phytochemicals that can be used in medicine. In addition, lengthening the growing season by early sowing may increase root chicory yield potential, and thus increase its competitiveness with traditional crops. The objectives of the present study...

Pea (Pisum arvense L.) is an important legume in many areas of the world, which is used for forage and grain production and could be used in intercropping systems. Intercropping of pea with oat (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), in two seeding ratios 60 : 40 and 80 : 20, was compared with pea and two cereal monocrops for two growing...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cereals worldwide and is being increasingly grown in many areas of the world, but there is a lack of information about the physiological processes limiting grain yield. A two-year field study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of different rates of nitrogen (N) (contro...

This book contains 43 chapters, 36 of which were presented at the a conference entitled "Towards the establishment of genetic reserves for crop wild relatives and landraces in Europe" held at the University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal between 13 and 17 September 2010. The conference papers are presented in the following sections: genetic reserve...

Intercropping of grain legumes with cereals may offer several advantages over sole crops for forage production and is commonly used, particularly in low-input agriculture. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) sole crops as well as the intercrops of faba bean with each of the above cereals, in thre...

Intercrops of pea (Pisum arvense L), a popular legume used in intercropping systems with winter cereals for forage and silage production, with wheat (Triticum aestivum L), rye (Secale cereale L), and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) in two seeding ratios (60:40 and 80:20) were compared with monocrops of pea and cereals for two growing seasons....

Cultivar mixtures are suggested for low‐input farming systems because they introduce functional diversity. The lack of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) cultivars bred for and adapted to low‐input farming systems raises the issue of whether the mixtures composed from varieties developed under conventional conditions can satisfy the demands of low‐inpu...

Papaver rhoeas (L.) has evolved resistance to tribenuron in winter wheat fields in northern Greece owing to multiple Pro(197) substitutions. Therefore, the cross-resistance pattern to other sulfonylurea and non-sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting herbicides of the tribenuron resistant (R) and susceptible (S) corn poppy populations was studied by using whol...

Intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly used cropping practice which aims to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources and labor. The most common advantage of intercropping is the production of greater yield on a given piece of land b...

Plant-based diagnostic techniques such as the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) are used to determine the level of crop N nutrition, but research, especially on linseed, is limited. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is a relationship between the NNI of linseed and N use efficiency (NUE) and to use NNI as a diagnostic tool fo...

Annual cool‐season grain legumes like faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown in mixtures with winter cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), or rye (Secale cereale L.) may offer advantages over cereal‐alone crops grown for forage production. A 2‐yr field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intercropping faba b...

Linseed, or oilseed flax, is an important source of edible and industrial vegetable oil and is grown widely in temperate regions of the world. Understanding the factors that can affect seed yield and therefore linseed production is important in order to meet the growing demand for this crop. Nitrogen, one of the most essential nutrients for linseed...

Variations in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene sequence were determined from 28 populations of corn poppy resistant (R) to tribenuron and from 6 populations susceptible (S) to this herbicide. The ALS gene fragment (634 bp) sequence revealed in R populations five point mutations at the codon Pro197, and among them the substitution of Pro197 by A...

Hemoglobins (Hbs) are heme containing proteins found in most organisms including animals, bacteria, and plants. Their structure, size, and function are quite diverse among the different organisms. There are three different types of hemoglobins in plants: symbiotic (sHb), nonsymbiotic (nsHb), and truncated hemoglobins (trHb). The nonsymbiotic hemogl...

Oregano is one of the most important spices, is used all over the world, and includes many species. One of the most important commercially grown species is Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw (syn.: O. heracleoticum.), which is endemic to the Mediterranean area. O. vulgare ssp. hirtum is a crop species which is well adapted to both dry land c...

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal pollutant for humans, animals, and plants. Tobacco is a wellknown efficient accumulator of Cd and the genotypic differences in Cd uptake and the response to Cd was not determined. The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the effects of Cd on the growth and development of different tobacco cultivars; 2...

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum L.) is being increasingly grown in many areas of the world, but there is a lack of information about the physiological processes limiting grain yield. In this study, different rates of N and P fertilization were applied and the source:sink ratio was manipulated to examine the factor(s) limiting grain fill...

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a deep-rooted crop which can tolerate water stress and can be grown in rotation with other crop species. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for the growth and development of safflower; however, the effect of N level on dry matter, accumulation, partitioning, and retranslocation has not been extens...

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is often grown on calcareous soils where manganese (Mn) deficiency is quite common. Despite the fact that Mn deficiency can limit cotton productivity the effect of foliar application of Mn was not determined. A field study was conducted to determine if foliar Mn applications during anthesis affects the growth and yiel...

In recent years the importance of sustainable agriculture has risen to become one of the most important issues in agriculture. In addition, plant diseases continue to play a major limiting role in agricultural production. The control of plant diseases using classical pesticides raises serious concerns about food safety, environmental quality and pe...

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a deep-rooted crop which can tolerate water stress and can be grown in rotation with other crop species. Nitrogen is very important for the growth and yield of safflower, however, the effect of N level on chlorophyll content, assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentr...

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the most important sugar crops worldwide. Despite the fact that sugar beet crop has high requirements for boron (B), the effect of B applications on seed yield and on seed quality is not known. A 2-year field study was conducted to determine whether soil and foliar B applications during anthesis increase seed...

Intercropping legumes with cereals for forage production is a sustainable technique showing several environmental benefits. We studied yields, quality and the growth rate of a 2-year experiment including (1) sole crops of common vetch, barley and winter wheat, and (2) intercrops of common vetch with barley and winter wheat using seeding ratios of 5...

Efficient use of N applied in the form of organic and inorganic fertilizers is important in maize (Zea mays L.) production to maximize producer’s economic returns and maintain soil and water quality. A field study was conducted for three consecutive years (2003–2005) in Thessaloniki, Greece to investigate whether liquid cattle manure can be used to...